Standard transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal
... Mitral valve dysfunction can arise from pathology at any one of the multiple anatomical levels. Essentially, mitral valve pathology requiring surgical intervention can be broadly classified into either mitral regurgitation (MR) or mitral stenosis (MS). MR is by far more common in developed countries ...
... Mitral valve dysfunction can arise from pathology at any one of the multiple anatomical levels. Essentially, mitral valve pathology requiring surgical intervention can be broadly classified into either mitral regurgitation (MR) or mitral stenosis (MS). MR is by far more common in developed countries ...
atrial fibrillation
... Atrial fibrillation is treated in order to increase the quality of life, decrease the frequency and intensity of symptoms, and decrease the risk of complications and death. Unfortunately, there is no conclusive evidence that the therapies available reduce the mortality rate associated with atrial fi ...
... Atrial fibrillation is treated in order to increase the quality of life, decrease the frequency and intensity of symptoms, and decrease the risk of complications and death. Unfortunately, there is no conclusive evidence that the therapies available reduce the mortality rate associated with atrial fi ...
Pulmonary circulation at exercise.
... conceived a vascular “waterfall” or “Starling resistor” model made of parallel collapsible vessels with a distribution of non-zero and positive closing pressures (174). The waterfall analogy refers to the fact that the flow rate (Q) over a waterfall is independent of its height (the pressure differe ...
... conceived a vascular “waterfall” or “Starling resistor” model made of parallel collapsible vessels with a distribution of non-zero and positive closing pressures (174). The waterfall analogy refers to the fact that the flow rate (Q) over a waterfall is independent of its height (the pressure differe ...
Pacing Therapies for Heart Failure (PDF Available)
... functions of these devices, covering the indications for their use and common problems encountered with this technology, in a logical, evidence-based manner. We have also taken a “how-to-do-it” approach for certain areas of implantable device function. The inclusion of these sections will be of inte ...
... functions of these devices, covering the indications for their use and common problems encountered with this technology, in a logical, evidence-based manner. We have also taken a “how-to-do-it” approach for certain areas of implantable device function. The inclusion of these sections will be of inte ...
Task Force Report Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope*
... A major issue in the use of diagnostic tests is that syncope is a transient symptom and not a disease. Typically patients are asymptomatic at the time of evaluation and the opportunity to capture a spontaneous event during diagnostic testing is rare. As a result, the diagnostic evaluation has focuse ...
... A major issue in the use of diagnostic tests is that syncope is a transient symptom and not a disease. Typically patients are asymptomatic at the time of evaluation and the opportunity to capture a spontaneous event during diagnostic testing is rare. As a result, the diagnostic evaluation has focuse ...
Left Ventricular Diastolic Mechanical Dyssynchrony and Associated
... of those with diastolic dyssynchrony was worse than that for those who did not have diastolic dyssynchrony, although the log-rank test did not reach statistical significance, likely because of the relatively small sample size and low event rate (hazard ratio 2.98, P⫽0.11; Figure 3).We further analyz ...
... of those with diastolic dyssynchrony was worse than that for those who did not have diastolic dyssynchrony, although the log-rank test did not reach statistical significance, likely because of the relatively small sample size and low event rate (hazard ratio 2.98, P⫽0.11; Figure 3).We further analyz ...
Understanding diastolic heart failure
... a group of subjects with treated hypertension, the most common risk factor for this form of heart failure, despite a normal resting echocardiogram, there were already substantial abnormalities of both systolic and diastolic function which were only apparent on exercise. Thus these studies have demon ...
... a group of subjects with treated hypertension, the most common risk factor for this form of heart failure, despite a normal resting echocardiogram, there were already substantial abnormalities of both systolic and diastolic function which were only apparent on exercise. Thus these studies have demon ...
Reduced Risk of Restenosis in Small Vessels and Reduced Risk of
... Definitions. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thromboses were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee that was similar for all TAXUS ATLAS studies and the TAXUS IV and V trials. The clinical and angiographic end point definitions were identical to those in the TAXUS ATLAS ...
... Definitions. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thromboses were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee that was similar for all TAXUS ATLAS studies and the TAXUS IV and V trials. The clinical and angiographic end point definitions were identical to those in the TAXUS ATLAS ...
CHAPTER 28 Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Guidance of
... echocardiography technique for guiding interventional procedures as it provides detailed dynamic images (included en face views) of relevant cardiac structures in real time, something that is not easily achievable by any other imaging technique.3 Although 3D TEE has been around for decades (primaril ...
... echocardiography technique for guiding interventional procedures as it provides detailed dynamic images (included en face views) of relevant cardiac structures in real time, something that is not easily achievable by any other imaging technique.3 Although 3D TEE has been around for decades (primaril ...
Advances in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
... degree of sedation with anesthesia, as well as electrophysiological recovery of ablated tissue, might have contributed to the additional yield of NIPS above and beyond PES immediately after the procedure. At 1-year follow-up, patients without any inducible VT at NIPS had significantly better arrhyth ...
... degree of sedation with anesthesia, as well as electrophysiological recovery of ablated tissue, might have contributed to the additional yield of NIPS above and beyond PES immediately after the procedure. At 1-year follow-up, patients without any inducible VT at NIPS had significantly better arrhyth ...
Syncope And Atrial Fibrillation - Journal of Atrial Fibrillation
... into account the second entity, the bradycardia. The intravenous diltiazem provided in the ambulance to treat her rapid ventricular rates accentuated the frequency and duration of sinus pauses and the recurrent seizure like activity that accompanied these pauses in the ED. Sometimes the approach tha ...
... into account the second entity, the bradycardia. The intravenous diltiazem provided in the ambulance to treat her rapid ventricular rates accentuated the frequency and duration of sinus pauses and the recurrent seizure like activity that accompanied these pauses in the ED. Sometimes the approach tha ...
Mitral Valve Repair
... chordae, elongated chordae, or a ruptured papillary muscle; in type III to commissural fusion and leaflet thickening or associated fused chordae. A series of techniques were described for the correction of these individual anomalies that could be applied systematically with consistent results.7-9 Th ...
... chordae, elongated chordae, or a ruptured papillary muscle; in type III to commissural fusion and leaflet thickening or associated fused chordae. A series of techniques were described for the correction of these individual anomalies that could be applied systematically with consistent results.7-9 Th ...
Increased Connective Tissue Growth Factor Relative
... r⫽0.645; P⬍0.001; Figure 2C and 2E) when compared with the early stage of cardiac hypertrophy (day 1 to day 7; r⫽0.836; Figure 2B). As shown in Figure 2C, some rats expressed disproportionately abundant CTGF mRNA. Furthermore, those rats with high CTGF mRNA levels relative to BNP mRNA levels also sh ...
... r⫽0.645; P⬍0.001; Figure 2C and 2E) when compared with the early stage of cardiac hypertrophy (day 1 to day 7; r⫽0.836; Figure 2B). As shown in Figure 2C, some rats expressed disproportionately abundant CTGF mRNA. Furthermore, those rats with high CTGF mRNA levels relative to BNP mRNA levels also sh ...
Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias
... location of the accessory pathway. As previously mentioned, ablation of a midseptal accessory pathway carries the risk of complete AV block. In posteroseptal epicardially located accessory pathways, where the ablation has to be performed from the coronary sinus, there is a risk of damage to the coro ...
... location of the accessory pathway. As previously mentioned, ablation of a midseptal accessory pathway carries the risk of complete AV block. In posteroseptal epicardially located accessory pathways, where the ablation has to be performed from the coronary sinus, there is a risk of damage to the coro ...
33rd ADVANCED ECHO CONFERENCE
... rare diseases will be discussed with illustrative patient examples. Participants will also receive a comprehensive review of the current state-of-theart applications of echocardiography in valvular heart disease. ...
... rare diseases will be discussed with illustrative patient examples. Participants will also receive a comprehensive review of the current state-of-theart applications of echocardiography in valvular heart disease. ...
Myocardial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease
... cardiac oxidative energy metabolism is very dynamic and can range from almost 100% of the total energy requirement of the heart to being a minor contributor (46, 428, 449, 450, 538). An overview of the fatty acid -oxidative pathway is shown in Figure 2. Fatty acid use by the heart is dictated at ma ...
... cardiac oxidative energy metabolism is very dynamic and can range from almost 100% of the total energy requirement of the heart to being a minor contributor (46, 428, 449, 450, 538). An overview of the fatty acid -oxidative pathway is shown in Figure 2. Fatty acid use by the heart is dictated at ma ...
for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular
... to use the links and review the evidence and appendix. As with all AHA Guidelines, each 2015 recommendation is labeled with a Class of Recommendation (COR) and a Level of Evidence (LOE). The 2015 Guidelines Update uses the newest AHA COR and LOE classification system, which contains modifications of ...
... to use the links and review the evidence and appendix. As with all AHA Guidelines, each 2015 recommendation is labeled with a Class of Recommendation (COR) and a Level of Evidence (LOE). The 2015 Guidelines Update uses the newest AHA COR and LOE classification system, which contains modifications of ...
for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular
... to use the links and review the evidence and appendix. As with all AHA Guidelines, each 2015 recommendation is labeled with a Class of Recommendation (COR) and a Level of Evidence (LOE). The 2015 Guidelines Update uses the newest AHA COR and LOE classification system, which contains modifications of ...
... to use the links and review the evidence and appendix. As with all AHA Guidelines, each 2015 recommendation is labeled with a Class of Recommendation (COR) and a Level of Evidence (LOE). The 2015 Guidelines Update uses the newest AHA COR and LOE classification system, which contains modifications of ...
The Enigma of the Fontan circulation Wolff, Djoeke
... function. The single ventricle in the Fontan circulation is subjected to abnormal loading conditions, including a decreased ventricular preload and increased ventricular afterload. The preload depletion is suggested to be associated with systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction, and results in ...
... function. The single ventricle in the Fontan circulation is subjected to abnormal loading conditions, including a decreased ventricular preload and increased ventricular afterload. The preload depletion is suggested to be associated with systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction, and results in ...
quantification of left ventricular myocardial collagen system in
... It is well established that the aging process of the heart is characterized by a loss of myocytes27. This reduction occurs because myocytes are postmitotic cells and are not replaced as they die. Thus, the loss of myocytes with age could be one cause of the accumulation of collagen in the wall of th ...
... It is well established that the aging process of the heart is characterized by a loss of myocytes27. This reduction occurs because myocytes are postmitotic cells and are not replaced as they die. Thus, the loss of myocytes with age could be one cause of the accumulation of collagen in the wall of th ...
AHA/ASA Scientific Statement
... sequelae”), or present as manifestations of preexisting medical conditions after stroke (eg, poststroke angina in patients with a history of coronary artery disease [CAD]). Other preexisting CVDs are present in the majority of poststroke individuals: high rates of CAD, chronic hypertension, atrial f ...
... sequelae”), or present as manifestations of preexisting medical conditions after stroke (eg, poststroke angina in patients with a history of coronary artery disease [CAD]). Other preexisting CVDs are present in the majority of poststroke individuals: high rates of CAD, chronic hypertension, atrial f ...
PDF
... sequelae”), or present as manifestations of preexisting medical conditions after stroke (eg, poststroke angina in patients with a history of coronary artery disease [CAD]). Other preexisting CVDs are present in the majority of poststroke individuals: high rates of CAD, chronic hypertension, atrial f ...
... sequelae”), or present as manifestations of preexisting medical conditions after stroke (eg, poststroke angina in patients with a history of coronary artery disease [CAD]). Other preexisting CVDs are present in the majority of poststroke individuals: high rates of CAD, chronic hypertension, atrial f ...
The AV junction region of the heart: a comprehensive - AJP
... junction of the superior atrionodal bundle with the proximal AV bundle is shown in transverse sections (Fig. 4, I–K). The anterior extent of the superior atrionodal bundle runs in the superoanterior AV junction region, and is associated with the crest of the central fibrous body that separates it fr ...
... junction of the superior atrionodal bundle with the proximal AV bundle is shown in transverse sections (Fig. 4, I–K). The anterior extent of the superior atrionodal bundle runs in the superoanterior AV junction region, and is associated with the crest of the central fibrous body that separates it fr ...
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.