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Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery
Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery

... The anomaly of the origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), was described for the first time in 1885 by Brooks, (1) it is an infrequent and non-lethal congenital heart defect (1 out of 3000 alive newborns) (90% of mortality in the first year of life). In 1993, B ...
Heart Function: How do we correlate the cardiac cycle to sounds
Heart Function: How do we correlate the cardiac cycle to sounds

... • S-Wave: First NEGATIVE deflection observed AFTER a R-wave • T-Wave: Any deflection that is caused by ventricular REolarization Any of the above may or may not be observed on your ECG depending upon where your positive and negative electrodes were placed on your body. Example: You could have an ECG ...
Afterload Assessment With or Without Central Venous Pressure: A
Afterload Assessment With or Without Central Venous Pressure: A

... Clinicians have typically used systemic vascular resistance index (SVRi) as a measure of afterload in the management of critically ill patients (Melo and Peters 1999) as well as those undergoing extensive cardiac, vascular, and thoracic surgical procedures (Barash et al. 2009). SVRi is defined as ...
Cases for Heart Failure Pathophysiology Seminar
Cases for Heart Failure Pathophysiology Seminar

... Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Left Ventricular Cardiac Output ...
Chapter 16 - Cloudfront.net
Chapter 16 - Cloudfront.net

... four pulmonary veins (two for each lung) • It enters the left atrium and then left ventricle inflating them • The left atrium contracts causing the left ventricle to fully inflate and contract closing the bicuspid valve • The blood is forced through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta – the bo ...
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Practical Management of Asymptomatic PVC
Practical Management of Asymptomatic PVC

... • Unifocal VEBs arising from the right ventricular  outflow tract are common and may increase with  exercise and cause non sustained or sustained  Ventricular Tachycardia. Catheter ablation is effective  and safe treatment for these patients. • β blockers may be used for symptom control in  patients ...
100 Questions no ans.. - Hatzalah of Miami-Dade
100 Questions no ans.. - Hatzalah of Miami-Dade

... "drugs" before lunch. He also tells you that he had four drinks with his low-calorie luncheon special. This information on alcohol and drug use should be: A) recorded in your medical records. B) radioed to the dispatcher. C) relayed to the physician in private. D) passed on to the state police. 26. ...
Heart Rythm
Heart Rythm

...  EDV = amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole  ESV = amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction ...
Chest X Rays
Chest X Rays

... heart size exaggerated due to the heart being further from the detector can be taken by mobile X-ray scapulae are not retracted laterally Consolidation - any pathologic process that fills the alveoli with fluid, pus, blood, cells (including tumour cells) or other substances resulting in lobar, diffu ...
Myocardial infarction in pregnancy – a review article with a case report
Myocardial infarction in pregnancy – a review article with a case report

... of estrogens and progesterone are significantly elevated.8 It is known that oral estrogens and gestagens are related with a higher risk for increased blood clotting and cardio-vascular morbidity.9 An additional cause for higher incidence of AMI during pregnancy could also be the aging of pregnant wo ...
Dosage of enalapril for congestive heart failure in USA
Dosage of enalapril for congestive heart failure in USA

... The hemodynamic effects of the stresses associated with heart failure may be more deleterious than the hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors An analogy would be giving epinephrine to someone with asthma  epinephrine would be expected to increase the heart rate further  but because epinephrine reli ...
Heart Failure Quality Improvement Process
Heart Failure Quality Improvement Process

... chronic illness receive only 56% of recommended care" (p. 390). Chronic illnesses, such as congestive heart failure should be taken more seriously in the hospital by nursing staff to prevent future readmissions or extended hospitalization due to poor documentation. DeFilice et al. (2010), states, "D ...
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias

... Arrhythmias are abnormalities of the electrical rhythm of the heart Disorders of heart rhythm result from alterations of impulse formation, of impulse conduction, or both Normal Impulse Formation  Automaticity refers to a cell’s ability to depolarize itself to a threshold voltage in a rhythmic fash ...
ESC/EACVI Cardiac MRI Course Jeddah Heart Institute, Erfan Hospital, Jeddah KSA
ESC/EACVI Cardiac MRI Course Jeddah Heart Institute, Erfan Hospital, Jeddah KSA

... programme is in line with the ESC/EACVI CMR core syllabus. The course is designed for trainees and consultants, either cardiologists or radiologists that have started and wanting to start CMR. Registration is limited to 20 participants to ensure max interaction with the faculty. ...
4c Heart Physiology for lab
4c Heart Physiology for lab

... from the average pressure in the arteries (P1). Therefore,  P = P1 – P2 Since P2 (blood pressure in the veins) is always 0, for our purposes, you could just write P instead of  P. P symbolizes blood pressure. Since BP is written systolic/diastolic, you add up both pressures and take the average. T ...
PDF - Circulation
PDF - Circulation

... rabbits is the perinatal fatality in lines that mutant cTnIG146 comprised ⬎40% of the total myofibrillar cTnI.9 The finding is in apparent dichotomy with human HCM, whereby the affected individuals, having 1 mutant and 1 wild-type allele, are expected to express equal levels of the mutant and wild-t ...
Cardiovascular Features in Cutis Laxa
Cardiovascular Features in Cutis Laxa

... Pulmonary artery stenosis is then narrowing of the pulmonary artery This can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and a fast heart rate This can be found in some people with URDS cutis laxa (Urban-Rifkin-Davis Syndrome) which is in the gene ...
Transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography in adult
Transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography in adult

... Different regions of interest were selected according to the specific congenital defect, and viewed either from the parasternal (n = 20) or apical (n = 13) window. Three-dimensional acquisition could be performed successfully in all patients without clinical difficulties. The examination, including ...
Full Text:PDF - The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
Full Text:PDF - The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics

... circuitry of the ventricle, as in our case. The electrocardiogram of our patient demonstrated right bundle branch block. All previously reported patients recovered uneventfully without hospital mortality, except for one ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

... •Dilation and impaired contraction of ventricles: •Reduced systolic function with or without heart failure •Characterized by myocyte damage •Multiple etiologies with similar resultant pathophysiology •Majority of cases are idiopathic •incidence of idiopathic dilated CM 5-8/100,000 •incidence likely ...
Step by step guide for Synchronised DC Cardioversion
Step by step guide for Synchronised DC Cardioversion

... It is synchronised to give electrical discharge at the point of the Q or R wave in the ECG cycle. The reason to synchronise this is to prevent a shock occurring during repolarisation of ventricles in the T wave, which can lead to Ventricular Fibrillation. ...
Practical stepwise approach to rhythm disturbances in congenital
Practical stepwise approach to rhythm disturbances in congenital

ivabradine effect versus metoprolol on the main tissue doppler
ivabradine effect versus metoprolol on the main tissue doppler

... nefazodone), severe hepatic or renal impairment, known anemia, lack of contraception in fertile women. 90 patients were included in the study, of which 36 women and 54 men, aged between 20 and 80 years old, with type II diabetes. As associated pathology, they presented hypertension, ischemic heart d ...
pdf - Choosing Wisely
pdf - Choosing Wisely

... Performing stress radionuclide imaging in patients without symptoms on a serial or scheduled pattern (e.g., every one to two years or at a heart procedure anniversary) rarely results in any meaningful change in patient management. This practice may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures and excess ...
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Cardiac surgery



Cardiovascular (heart) surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
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