Structure of the Heart Lab
... 2. Place the heart in a dissecting tray with its ventral surface up. Proceed as follows: a. Although the relatively thick pericardial sac probably is missing, look for traces of this membrane around the origins of the large blood vessels. b. Locate the visceral pericardium, which appears as a thin, ...
... 2. Place the heart in a dissecting tray with its ventral surface up. Proceed as follows: a. Although the relatively thick pericardial sac probably is missing, look for traces of this membrane around the origins of the large blood vessels. b. Locate the visceral pericardium, which appears as a thin, ...
Zoltan Papp, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Institute of Cardiology, Clinical
... over left ventricular end-diastolic volume; normal value > 50%). Diastolic heart failure is therefore also often called heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Patients with diastolic heart failure are usually older than patients ...
... over left ventricular end-diastolic volume; normal value > 50%). Diastolic heart failure is therefore also often called heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Patients with diastolic heart failure are usually older than patients ...
Down Syndrome and Congenital Heart Disease
... right ventricular outflow tract obstruction) – Patent ductus arteriosus ...
... right ventricular outflow tract obstruction) – Patent ductus arteriosus ...
Chapter 19
... The outer layer is epicardium and is a serous membrane (the visceral pericardium). The myocardium is cardiac muscle and consists of layers circularly and spirally wrapped around each other. The endocardium is a layer of specialized epithelial cells called endothelium. Endothelial cells cover the hea ...
... The outer layer is epicardium and is a serous membrane (the visceral pericardium). The myocardium is cardiac muscle and consists of layers circularly and spirally wrapped around each other. The endocardium is a layer of specialized epithelial cells called endothelium. Endothelial cells cover the hea ...
Document
... 1. Atrial pressure> ventricular: A-V valves open a. Blood flows into ______________ 2. Atria Contracts: pushes blood into ventricles 3. Increase pressure in ventricles > atrium, contraction a. ___________ valve close b. ____________________muscles contract to hold valves open 4. Atria relaxation: bl ...
... 1. Atrial pressure> ventricular: A-V valves open a. Blood flows into ______________ 2. Atria Contracts: pushes blood into ventricles 3. Increase pressure in ventricles > atrium, contraction a. ___________ valve close b. ____________________muscles contract to hold valves open 4. Atria relaxation: bl ...
circulatory system notes honors 09
... atria (atria, plural; atrium, singular) receive blood from the cells of the body, two ventricles pump blood out of the heart. The heart itself has its own pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node, which sets timing of the contractions of the heart. Electrical impulses travel through the cardiac and body ...
... atria (atria, plural; atrium, singular) receive blood from the cells of the body, two ventricles pump blood out of the heart. The heart itself has its own pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node, which sets timing of the contractions of the heart. Electrical impulses travel through the cardiac and body ...
ECG quiz - Ipswich-Year2-Med-PBL-Gp-2
... year-old woman seen in the emergency department for left-sided chest pain. The electrocardiogram was also normal, and there was no obvious cause for the patient's pain. Note the well-defined pulmonary vessels in the perihilar region and normal branching of these vessels into the lungs. There is a gr ...
... year-old woman seen in the emergency department for left-sided chest pain. The electrocardiogram was also normal, and there was no obvious cause for the patient's pain. Note the well-defined pulmonary vessels in the perihilar region and normal branching of these vessels into the lungs. There is a gr ...
Cardiovascular System
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Smoking and BioFeedback
... fatigue or fell like quitting. In some people cigarette smoke can trigger asthma symptoms, making it nearly impossible until the symptoms subside. ...
... fatigue or fell like quitting. In some people cigarette smoke can trigger asthma symptoms, making it nearly impossible until the symptoms subside. ...
ARRHYTHMIAS in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
... Cardiology Clinical Nurse Specialist Stanford Hospital and Clinics Palo Alto, California INTRODUCTION Symptomatic arrhythmias occur with increasing frequency for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) as they move through adolescence and into adulthood. Arrhythmias are associated with increased hospi ...
... Cardiology Clinical Nurse Specialist Stanford Hospital and Clinics Palo Alto, California INTRODUCTION Symptomatic arrhythmias occur with increasing frequency for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) as they move through adolescence and into adulthood. Arrhythmias are associated with increased hospi ...
Reasons for maintaining water balance
... during the race whilst others do not. Evaluate the actions of the runners who do not take advantage of the drinks available. ...
... during the race whilst others do not. Evaluate the actions of the runners who do not take advantage of the drinks available. ...
Asthma
... improving cardiac function, in all age groups. Heart failure, a disorder of valve function or heart muscle weakness commonly seen in elderly people, along with shunt defects in children can cause circulating fluids to accumulate in the lungs, reducing the air space, leading to the shortness of breat ...
... improving cardiac function, in all age groups. Heart failure, a disorder of valve function or heart muscle weakness commonly seen in elderly people, along with shunt defects in children can cause circulating fluids to accumulate in the lungs, reducing the air space, leading to the shortness of breat ...
ch_13_cardiac_cycle
... diseased valve by expanding the balloon together with the new valve. He then secures it into place inside the old valve, displacing the old valve out of the way. In addition, the new valve starts to work as a normal valve should as soon as the balloon is deflated. Most of the time, the patients feel ...
... diseased valve by expanding the balloon together with the new valve. He then secures it into place inside the old valve, displacing the old valve out of the way. In addition, the new valve starts to work as a normal valve should as soon as the balloon is deflated. Most of the time, the patients feel ...
Cons. System and Cardiac Cycle WS
... c. the P wave of an EKG is recorded d. the atria remain in diastole 17. The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A. isovolumetric relaxation C. ventricular ejection B. ventricular filling D. isovolumetric contraction 18. Isovolumetric contraction: a. occurs while the ...
... c. the P wave of an EKG is recorded d. the atria remain in diastole 17. The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A. isovolumetric relaxation C. ventricular ejection B. ventricular filling D. isovolumetric contraction 18. Isovolumetric contraction: a. occurs while the ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.