VITAL SIGNS
... Tachycardia: > 100 beats per minute Bradycardia: < 60 beats per minute Exception: many athletes normally have heart rates < 60 because their heart is in better shape. ...
... Tachycardia: > 100 beats per minute Bradycardia: < 60 beats per minute Exception: many athletes normally have heart rates < 60 because their heart is in better shape. ...
Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Echocardiography
... if the patient has frequent beat-to-beat variation or atrial fibrillation. Flow data is not available and thus information on physiologic effects of valvular abnormalities. Inadequate assessment of RV function ...
... if the patient has frequent beat-to-beat variation or atrial fibrillation. Flow data is not available and thus information on physiologic effects of valvular abnormalities. Inadequate assessment of RV function ...
Regulation of Heart Rate
... tendineae, contract during systole and help prevent back-flow. Because of smaller opening, velocity through aortic and pulmonary valves exceed that through the A-V valves. ...
... tendineae, contract during systole and help prevent back-flow. Because of smaller opening, velocity through aortic and pulmonary valves exceed that through the A-V valves. ...
ventricles
... Blood Supply to the Heart • The first branches off of the aorta, which carry freshly oxygenated blood, are the right and left coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle itself. • Branches of the coronary arteries feed many capillaries of the myocardium. • When these arteries become clogged due to ...
... Blood Supply to the Heart • The first branches off of the aorta, which carry freshly oxygenated blood, are the right and left coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle itself. • Branches of the coronary arteries feed many capillaries of the myocardium. • When these arteries become clogged due to ...
Mammalian Heart Interior Anatomy Diagram
... blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where the blood is enriched with oxygen (and loses carbon dioxide). The oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood is then carried back to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein. The blood is then pump ...
... blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where the blood is enriched with oxygen (and loses carbon dioxide). The oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood is then carried back to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein. The blood is then pump ...
Blood Pressure
... to reach the muscles and vital organs. Arteries expand and contract as the heart beats and relaxes, moving the blood around the arterial system. The blood returns to the right-hand side of the heart by a network of veins. From here it is pumped into the lungs, where carbon dioxide (CO2) is exchanged ...
... to reach the muscles and vital organs. Arteries expand and contract as the heart beats and relaxes, moving the blood around the arterial system. The blood returns to the right-hand side of the heart by a network of veins. From here it is pumped into the lungs, where carbon dioxide (CO2) is exchanged ...
The Contribution of Alexandrian Physicians to Cardiology
... curious mixture of progress and remarkable premonitions that approached very closely to the blood circulation theory, together with gross errors that are difficult to understand. He defended the idea that arteries contained pneuma (air), and in order to explain the phenomenon of blood spurting from ...
... curious mixture of progress and remarkable premonitions that approached very closely to the blood circulation theory, together with gross errors that are difficult to understand. He defended the idea that arteries contained pneuma (air), and in order to explain the phenomenon of blood spurting from ...
Pediatric Dysrhythmias Board Review
... Commonly seen (up to 6% normal neonates) PR interval is greater than upper limits of normal for a given age PR interval is age and rate dependent 70-170 msec in newborns is normal 80-220 msec in young children and adults Generally does not cause bradycardia since AV conduction remains intact ...
... Commonly seen (up to 6% normal neonates) PR interval is greater than upper limits of normal for a given age PR interval is age and rate dependent 70-170 msec in newborns is normal 80-220 msec in young children and adults Generally does not cause bradycardia since AV conduction remains intact ...
Pharmaco-invasive vs. facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention strategies for ST-segment-
... failed thrombolysis. The new ESC guidelines recommend the performance of a coronary angiogram 3–24 h after successful thrombolysis (.50% resolution of ST-segment elevation, reperfusion arrhythmia, disappearance of chest discomfort). This time window is justified, on the one hand, by the fear of thro ...
... failed thrombolysis. The new ESC guidelines recommend the performance of a coronary angiogram 3–24 h after successful thrombolysis (.50% resolution of ST-segment elevation, reperfusion arrhythmia, disappearance of chest discomfort). This time window is justified, on the one hand, by the fear of thro ...
David Duncan, M.D. Chief of Cardiothoracic surgery :36 Walking
... put this catheter based valve in 4:32 so we need to know [the very…] have specifics about the valve and the sizing to do that 4:39 4:40 The second thing that [sort of] where I become a bigger part of the team is in the access 4:45 and the access for this typically is going to be through the groin – ...
... put this catheter based valve in 4:32 so we need to know [the very…] have specifics about the valve and the sizing to do that 4:39 4:40 The second thing that [sort of] where I become a bigger part of the team is in the access 4:45 and the access for this typically is going to be through the groin – ...
Rheumatic fever
... protein myosin and smooth muscle cells of arteries, inducing cytokine release and tissue destruction. • This inflammation occurs through direct attachment of complement and Fc receptor-mediated recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. • Characteristic Aschoff bodies, composed of swollen eosinophi ...
... protein myosin and smooth muscle cells of arteries, inducing cytokine release and tissue destruction. • This inflammation occurs through direct attachment of complement and Fc receptor-mediated recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. • Characteristic Aschoff bodies, composed of swollen eosinophi ...
The continuing role of beta-blockers in hypertension
... Others may have underlying coronary disease that is not clinically evident because they are taking a ß-blocker. Sudden discontinuation of a ß-blocker, particularly from high doses, could cause rebound hypertension, rebound angina or even precipitate a myocardial infarction. ...
... Others may have underlying coronary disease that is not clinically evident because they are taking a ß-blocker. Sudden discontinuation of a ß-blocker, particularly from high doses, could cause rebound hypertension, rebound angina or even precipitate a myocardial infarction. ...
Equalization of diastolic pressures
... Massive pulmonary embolism – Restrictive cardiomyopathy – Mediastinal and cardiac compression by tumors ...
... Massive pulmonary embolism – Restrictive cardiomyopathy – Mediastinal and cardiac compression by tumors ...
Heart
... body. In mammals and birds it is roughly cone-shaped, with the base of the cone uppermost or (in quadrupeds) anterior and its apex, where the heartbeat is most clearly felt, located to the left of the midline of the chest; it consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, with separate rig ...
... body. In mammals and birds it is roughly cone-shaped, with the base of the cone uppermost or (in quadrupeds) anterior and its apex, where the heartbeat is most clearly felt, located to the left of the midline of the chest; it consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, with separate rig ...
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)
... ▪ Pulmonary arterial hypertension means high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. The right side of your heart pumps the blood into the arteries of your lungs. With this type, the right side of your heart has to work too hard to force blood through the lung vessels. The right side of the hea ...
... ▪ Pulmonary arterial hypertension means high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. The right side of your heart pumps the blood into the arteries of your lungs. With this type, the right side of your heart has to work too hard to force blood through the lung vessels. The right side of the hea ...
Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
... The Frank-Starling law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Contractility Strength of contraction at any given preload Positive - autonomic nerves, epinephrine, increased interst ...
... The Frank-Starling law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Contractility Strength of contraction at any given preload Positive - autonomic nerves, epinephrine, increased interst ...
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis
... The AHA guidelines emphasize the importance of achieving and maintaining excellent oral health and practising daily oral hygiene. For most patients, taking preventive antibiotics before a dental visit is not indicated. The guidelines state that prophylactic antibiotics, which were routinely administ ...
... The AHA guidelines emphasize the importance of achieving and maintaining excellent oral health and practising daily oral hygiene. For most patients, taking preventive antibiotics before a dental visit is not indicated. The guidelines state that prophylactic antibiotics, which were routinely administ ...
Chapter 20
... The Frank-Starling law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Contractility Strength of contraction at any given preload Positive - autonomic nerves, epinephrine, increased interst ...
... The Frank-Starling law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Contractility Strength of contraction at any given preload Positive - autonomic nerves, epinephrine, increased interst ...
Ch. 23 Presentation
... The Circulatory System aids cells to – receive nutrients, exchange gases, and removes wastes. – Blood is used to transport these materials using red blood cells filled with hemoglobin and the liquid part of blood tissue called plasma – Blood is in vessels called arteries and veins that are connect ...
... The Circulatory System aids cells to – receive nutrients, exchange gases, and removes wastes. – Blood is used to transport these materials using red blood cells filled with hemoglobin and the liquid part of blood tissue called plasma – Blood is in vessels called arteries and veins that are connect ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.