Download Red Blood Cells

The Circulatory System
Consists of the heart, the
blood vessels, and blood
Functions of the Circulatory System
1.Transports O2 & nutrients
(sugars, amino acids) to
body cells
2.Transports hormones
throughout body
3.Carries wastes away from
cells
4.Works with the immune
system to protect body
against disease causing
pathogens
Parts of the Blood
1. Plasma – fluid portion
– transports all of the material
2. Red Blood Cells: (RBC’s)
a.Transports oxygen to body cells
b.Removes waste from body cells
3. White blood cells: (WBC’s)
a.Protect against infection; fight
parasites & attack bacteria
4. Platelets: cell fragments
a.Release proteins that help clot
blood
Plasma
Platelets
WBC’s
RBC’s
Blood Cells
Red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
White blood cells
(leukocytes)
MOST NUMEROUS,
DISK-SHAPED, CARRIES
O2 TO ALL CELLS IN
THE BODY,
HEMOGLOBIN
LARGER IN SHAPE
THAN RBC BUT FEWER
IN NUMBER, HELP
FIGHTS DISEASE
Blood Vessels
1. Arteries: large vessels; carry blood away from heart
a. Most arteries carry O2 rich blood
2. Veins: large blood vessels; return blood to heart
a. Have valves to keep blood from flowing backwards
3. Capillaries – smallest blood vessels
a. Bring nutrients & O2 to cells
b. Absorb CO2 & wastes from body cells
capillaries
veins
arteries
Superior Vena Cava
Right atrium
Semilunar Valve
AORTA
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary
vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Right ventricle:
Septum
Left Ventricle -
Inferior Vena Cava
The Heart
1. Heart – muscular organ
a. 4 chambers
b. Pumps blood from heart to lungs
& back to heart, to tissues
throughout body
2. Septum: muscular wall in heart
a. Separates right side from left side
b. Keeps O2 poor & O2 rich blood from mixing
The Heart
3. Atria – 2 upper chambers
a. Receive blood from body (right) or lungs (left) &
pump blood into ventricles
4. Ventricles – 2 lower chambers
a. Pump blood out of heart to lungs (right) or aorta
(left)
2 Pathways of Circulation
Rt ARt Vpulmon. Artery
LUNGSL A
L ALVaortabodyvena
cava Rt A
blood FLOW between
the heart & lungs
How the Heart Works: Pulmonary Circulation
a.Transports O2 poor blood to lungs and O2 rich
blood back to the heart
b. Blood travels from right side of heart to lungs
c. Blood picks up O2 & releases CO2 in lungs
d. O2 rich blood returned to left side of heart
Pathway: Pulmonary Circulation
Blood pumped from the right side of the heart to
lungs and to left side of the heart
How the Heart Works: Systemic Circulation
a. O2 rich blood exits left ventricle
& enters aorta
b. O2 rich blood travels through
arteries then capillaries
c. O2 diffuses out of capillaries &
into cells; blood picks up CO2 &
other wastes
d. Veins return O2 poor blood to
right side of heart (right atria)
Pathway: Systemic Circulation
Blood pumped from left side of heart to the body
and back to the right side of the heart.
Circulatory System Diseases
Leukemia: bone marrow produces abnormal
WBCs which crowd out normal WBCs, RBCs
& platelets.
Hemophilia: inherited disorder; person cannot
produce clotting factors and bleeds longer
than normal. Also has internal bleeding,
mainly into muscles & joints.
Circulatory System Diseases
High Blood Pressure: AKA hypertension
BP 140 / 90 or higher for an extended
period of time. Damage to heart &
blood vessels; makes it harder to pump
the heart. Can lead to stroke or heart
attack
SICKLE-CELL
DISEASE Red Blood
Cells are mis-shapened
causing blood cells to
“CLOG” vessels.
Hereditary
Anemia - when the blood transports too
little oxygen.
Arteriosclerosis: arteries become hard &
brittle because calcium is deposited in
their walls. Vessels become thickened &
lose elasticity. Blood pressure increases &
blood clots may form.
Circulatory System Diseases
Stroke: blood clot blocks artery or a
blood vessel breaks, interrupting blood
flow to an area of the brain. Brain cells
begin to die & abilities controlled by that
area of the brain are lost.