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Research on Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Research on Atrial septal defect (ASD)

... the foramen ovale within one year of life after birth. In such cases, surgical treatment is not required. Cardiac catherization is a beneficial diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedure. Catheter procedures are much easier on patients than surgery because they involve only a needle puncture in the ...
١ Part III: Vital signs Lecture Outlines Learning Objectives
١ Part III: Vital signs Lecture Outlines Learning Objectives

... 5. Before and after activity that may increase risk. 6. Before and after administering medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory functioning. Physiological Basis of Body Temperature Body temperature is the balance between the heat production due to chemical activities by the body and hea ...
Reduction in Myocardial Infarct Size at 48 Hours after a Brief
Reduction in Myocardial Infarct Size at 48 Hours after a Brief

... other leukocytes (5). Adenosine infusion during reperfusion has been shown to reduce infarct size compared to placebo in clinical trials among patients suffering from MI with large areas of ischemic anterior myocardium at risk (16, 21). Perhaps due to limited sample size, this reduction in ischemic ...
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design

... racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Information on subclinical CVD in some groups is sparse, however. MESA will include a substantial proportion of previously understudied minority groups whose prevalence of risk factors and CVD risk attributable to specific risk factors have been shown o ...
Review Article P. Rerkpattanapipat, M. S. Stanek and M. N. Kotler
Review Article P. Rerkpattanapipat, M. S. Stanek and M. N. Kotler

... activity in coronary artery disease patients Ueno reported that coital deaths accounted for 0·6% (34 of 5559 autopsies) of sudden death. In 34 of those patients who died during coitus, the circumstances of death were determined. Most deaths during coitus occurred in males (28 cases) and were from ca ...
Sudden death: managing the patient who survives
Sudden death: managing the patient who survives

... arrhythmic event in patients who survive a CA is referred to as ‘secondary prevention’. However, since sustained VT can also be lethal, prevention of SCD in patients who already had sustained VT (even if the VT did not cause the CA) are also included in the concept of secondary prevention of SCD and ...
Structural and Mechanical Adaptations of Right Ventricle Free Wall
Structural and Mechanical Adaptations of Right Ventricle Free Wall

... curative treatments have been made available except lung transplantation.4 Following transplantation, dramatic improvements in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and RV ejections fractions have been observed,27 although the exact mechanisms by which the RV can revert back ...
Computer Modeling of Interactions of an Electric Motor, Circulatory
Computer Modeling of Interactions of an Electric Motor, Circulatory

... control of the electric motor and interactions of the electric motor, blood pump, and circulatory system. Computer modeling and simulation are necessary to investigate and evaluate the interactions and feasibility of sophisticated control algorithms. In this paper, a computer model of the complete s ...
Prophylactic Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic
Prophylactic Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic

... All patients received ACE inhibitors unless they were contraindicated. Patients who were unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors received hydralazine or nitrates15 or angiotensin II–receptor blockers. In addition, beta-blocker therapy was required unless patients were unable to tolerate it. Carvedilol was ...
Major bleeding with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in pulmonary hypertension
Major bleeding with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in pulmonary hypertension

... make any recommendation on their use in their guidelines [6]. The American College of Chest Physicians guidelines support the use of VKAs in IPAH patients, and advise consideration of their use in CTD-PAH patients, especially when patients have an indwelling catheter for long-term prostanoid treatme ...
Lifetime Analysis of Hospitalizations and Survival of Patients Newly
Lifetime Analysis of Hospitalizations and Survival of Patients Newly

... initially performed by counting the number of hospitalizations ­occurring during follow-up. In these analyses, each hospitalization was categorized as due to HF, coronary heart disease, other cardiac, or noncardiovascular based on the primary diagnosis in the CIHIDAD. The effect of clinical categori ...
ideal - Clinical Trial Results
ideal - Clinical Trial Results

Heart Restarts Teachers` notes - School
Heart Restarts Teachers` notes - School

...  Everyone to look at the veins in their hands and arms  Show children how to try and feel the pulse in their wrist  Can they feel their pulse? How are the heart and lungs protected? We are looking for children to identify the rib cage.  Open up to class can anyone offer a suggestion?  Children ...
Assessments
Assessments

... • Limitations to MEWS and professional judgment should be used • Taking observations is not just generating numbers – need to understand clinical relevance • Delegating needs to be appropriate • Failure to act has significant consequences – effects on patient, ↑ cardiac arrest, ↑ length of ...
Applied physiology: Understanding shock
Applied physiology: Understanding shock

... used represents the oxygen consumption. This concept can be applied to the whole body or to an individual organ. In health, whole-body oxygen delivery exceeds consumption by a factor of approximately 4, so it is evident that there is a ‘safety margin’ before a reduction in oxygen delivery will adver ...
Near-Syncope After Exercise
Near-Syncope After Exercise

... pointes in the setting of congenital or acquired long QT syndrome, myocardial ischemia, or critical aortic stenosis. A cardiac cause of syncope is particularly common in older patients or in patients with structural heart disease, a history of arrhythmia, or who have certain electrocardiographic abn ...
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
CARDIOMYOPATHIES

... Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines RCM as a myocardial disease characterized by restrictive filling and reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles with normal or near-normal systolic function and wall thickness. • Increased interstitial fibrosi ...
05_chapter_2_doc
05_chapter_2_doc

... was also shown by Ninomiya et al. who determined the relative benefit from the action of baroreceptors, taking in account the intensity of the depolarization of the sympathetic nerves of the myocardium.(48) The degree of sympathetic activity was reduced to noise levels with a mean aortic pressure of ...
Effects of oral supplementation with L
Effects of oral supplementation with L

... Q3. Does the heart show improved recovery from a myocardial infarction if the animal is provided with supplemental dietary citrulline? Of the mice who received a heart attack… mice who received citrulline showed better fractional shortening than mice who received water Thorat, S. et al. (2008) Effe ...
Hypothermic, Closed Circuit Pericardioperfusion: A Potential
Hypothermic, Closed Circuit Pericardioperfusion: A Potential

... occlusion, results in a profound reduction in infarct size (8,9). Although this method was very effective in producing hypothermia and reducing infarct size, it has limited clinical application. The pericardial space has been proposed as a site of delivery of agents to the heart. One advantage of th ...
the muscular system
the muscular system

... TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS - there are three types: RED BLOOD CELLS - Erythrocytes These are the most numerous type of blood cell. They have no nucleus and are smaller than most other cells. They are shaped like biconcave discs. These discs are able to fold and bend and this makes it easier for them to sq ...
ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist
ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist

... Cardiologists face changing patient expectations. General cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, anaesthetists, and cardiac surgeons work together in Heart Teams.2,3 The age of cardiac patients has increased and they are presenting with more co-morbidities. Knowledge, technology, and treatment ...
ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist (2013)
ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist (2013)

... Cardiologists face changing patient expectations. General cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, anaesthetists, and cardiac surgeons work together in Heart Teams.2,3 The age of cardiac patients has increased and they are presenting with more co-morbidities. Knowledge, technology, and treatment ...
Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Clinical Implications
Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Clinical Implications

... months, the HRV could be partially recovered (5). The aim of risk stratification is to identify the patients with a high risk of post-infarct mortality.These patients could have benefit from further treatment, as it was shown in a clinical trial by Moss and coworkers (9). On the contrary to their fi ...
The Right Angle
The Right Angle

... Elevated jugular venous pressure can be challenging to detect, even when the assessment is made by experienced clinicians. The overall correlation between clinical assessment of the jugular venous pressure and direct measurement of central venous pressure by central venous catheterization is poor; a ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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