Text - University of Glasgow
... was defined as social classes IIIM to V).7 The extent of deprivation was determined by the Carstairs deprivation index.8 The Rose angina ...
... was defined as social classes IIIM to V).7 The extent of deprivation was determined by the Carstairs deprivation index.8 The Rose angina ...
37. Let`s Be Health Nuts!
... The study on 31,208 Adventists showed that those who ate nuts 1 to 4 times a week had 27% lower risk of dying from heart ailment compared to those who had nuts once a week. Those who consumed nuts 5 or more times a week had almost half (48%) reduction in the risk. This study considered and adjusted ...
... The study on 31,208 Adventists showed that those who ate nuts 1 to 4 times a week had 27% lower risk of dying from heart ailment compared to those who had nuts once a week. Those who consumed nuts 5 or more times a week had almost half (48%) reduction in the risk. This study considered and adjusted ...
ACHA Q and A: Transposition of the Great Arteries after Mustard
... that might be making your heart struggle. If these problems can be solved, heart failure may improve. If other treatment options are not working, surgical options may be considered. In a small number of adult TGA patients, switch conversion might be discussed. This means that the Mustard/Senning rep ...
... that might be making your heart struggle. If these problems can be solved, heart failure may improve. If other treatment options are not working, surgical options may be considered. In a small number of adult TGA patients, switch conversion might be discussed. This means that the Mustard/Senning rep ...
Reproducibility of Blood Pressure and Inter-Beat
... of ratio between low-frequency (LF; 0.03-0.12 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.13-0.50 Hz) components of heart rate variability (LF/HF ratio), as an indicator of sympathovagal balance. Changes of a LF/HF ratio of heart rate variability are reported to be associated with some cardiovascular disorders. F ...
... of ratio between low-frequency (LF; 0.03-0.12 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.13-0.50 Hz) components of heart rate variability (LF/HF ratio), as an indicator of sympathovagal balance. Changes of a LF/HF ratio of heart rate variability are reported to be associated with some cardiovascular disorders. F ...
Therapeutic Catheterizations
... – Adequate intravascular volume – Reduce uremic toxins which may worsen AKI – Provides stability to the high risk patient after the procedure reducing the risks of oliguria, volume overload, and electrolyte imbalance that are associated with short-term mortality. Double lumen catheter is placed in a ...
... – Adequate intravascular volume – Reduce uremic toxins which may worsen AKI – Provides stability to the high risk patient after the procedure reducing the risks of oliguria, volume overload, and electrolyte imbalance that are associated with short-term mortality. Double lumen catheter is placed in a ...
3 Ventricular Function
... of Swan-Ganz catheterization (Fig. 4), as can the stroke volume. Nonetheless, there is a defect in this reasoning. The left ventricular pressure and volume are not linearly related because the myocardium cannot continue to stretch indefinitely. Rather, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ...
... of Swan-Ganz catheterization (Fig. 4), as can the stroke volume. Nonetheless, there is a defect in this reasoning. The left ventricular pressure and volume are not linearly related because the myocardium cannot continue to stretch indefinitely. Rather, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ...
CIRCULATORY CHANGES AT BIRTH Abraham M
... manipulation. Similarly, at each period combined ventricular output and its distribution as well as organ blood flows were measured by the radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique. We injected microspheres labeled with different gamma labels simultaneously into the hindlimb and left atrial cathete ...
... manipulation. Similarly, at each period combined ventricular output and its distribution as well as organ blood flows were measured by the radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique. We injected microspheres labeled with different gamma labels simultaneously into the hindlimb and left atrial cathete ...
Exploration of the Cause of the Low Intensity Aortic Component of
... affected by negative dp/dt, changes of the rate of isovolumic relaxation will result in changes of the amplitude of the aortic component of the second sound. The diminished aortic sound in aortic stenosis would seem to relate to increased stiffness of the valve."9 Because of the important effect tha ...
... affected by negative dp/dt, changes of the rate of isovolumic relaxation will result in changes of the amplitude of the aortic component of the second sound. The diminished aortic sound in aortic stenosis would seem to relate to increased stiffness of the valve."9 Because of the important effect tha ...
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction – Persistent
... elevated natriuretic peptides, or concomitant atrial fibrillation. In cases where the diagnosis may be ambiguous, response to heart failure treatment may be used to support the diagnosis of heart failure. Although these criteria have increased the specificity with which the diagnosis of HFPEF is mad ...
... elevated natriuretic peptides, or concomitant atrial fibrillation. In cases where the diagnosis may be ambiguous, response to heart failure treatment may be used to support the diagnosis of heart failure. Although these criteria have increased the specificity with which the diagnosis of HFPEF is mad ...
Reliable Identification of “Truly Low” Thromboembolic Risk in
... (van Walraven, CHADS2, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores) were defined as categorical variables (that is, score value of 0 or ⬎0). A patient was classified as having a score of 0 only if all his or her score values over the course of follow-up equaled 0. Patients who have experienced stroke during follow-up w ...
... (van Walraven, CHADS2, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores) were defined as categorical variables (that is, score value of 0 or ⬎0). A patient was classified as having a score of 0 only if all his or her score values over the course of follow-up equaled 0. Patients who have experienced stroke during follow-up w ...
Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT)
... associated with a 34% increased risk of cardiovascular death and a 53% increase in admission to hospital for heart failure compared with heart rate lower than 70 bpm.12 Heart rate is also directly related to risk of death, cardiovascular death, or admission to hospital in patients with heart failure ...
... associated with a 34% increased risk of cardiovascular death and a 53% increase in admission to hospital for heart failure compared with heart rate lower than 70 bpm.12 Heart rate is also directly related to risk of death, cardiovascular death, or admission to hospital in patients with heart failure ...
ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE 3
... heart rate is high, thus tachycardia can lead to increased oxygen demand and ischemia if the HR is high enough and if it is sustained for long periods of time. • Conversely, slowing the heart rate decreases the myocardial oxygen demand. This is the reason behind using -blockers when myocardial isch ...
... heart rate is high, thus tachycardia can lead to increased oxygen demand and ischemia if the HR is high enough and if it is sustained for long periods of time. • Conversely, slowing the heart rate decreases the myocardial oxygen demand. This is the reason behind using -blockers when myocardial isch ...
HAP Discovery 14
... tricuspid valve from the prospective of the right ventricle. 6. Unoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium and then moves into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve is closed such that blood can not backflow into the atrium, and ...
... tricuspid valve from the prospective of the right ventricle. 6. Unoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium and then moves into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve is closed such that blood can not backflow into the atrium, and ...
heart failure - WordPress.com
... • ACE inhibitors – e.g. Captopril, Enalapril they are useful, they slow down the development of heart failure and improve survival Side effect – cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction Contraindications – renal artery stenosis, pregnancy ...
... • ACE inhibitors – e.g. Captopril, Enalapril they are useful, they slow down the development of heart failure and improve survival Side effect – cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction Contraindications – renal artery stenosis, pregnancy ...
Chest pain and left bundle branch block
... infra-His, which is suggested by the LBBB, in the presence of fresh inferior myocardial infarction, the block is almost certainly at atrioventricular nodal level. ST-segment elevation in lead III greatly exceeds that in lead II, suggesting right coronary occlusion with right ventricular infarction, ...
... infra-His, which is suggested by the LBBB, in the presence of fresh inferior myocardial infarction, the block is almost certainly at atrioventricular nodal level. ST-segment elevation in lead III greatly exceeds that in lead II, suggesting right coronary occlusion with right ventricular infarction, ...
211 Atrial Dysrhythmias notes
... QRS complex: less than 0.12 seconds QT interval: less than 0.40 seconds The ECG Course - Sinus Rhythms https://youtu.be/vK0XgMIYAqs Normal Sinus Rhythm Dysrhythmia Management Control the dysrhythmia rate. Remove the dysrhythmia. Reduce potential complications. Sinus Bradycardia Assessment ...
... QRS complex: less than 0.12 seconds QT interval: less than 0.40 seconds The ECG Course - Sinus Rhythms https://youtu.be/vK0XgMIYAqs Normal Sinus Rhythm Dysrhythmia Management Control the dysrhythmia rate. Remove the dysrhythmia. Reduce potential complications. Sinus Bradycardia Assessment ...
Ask Doctor Clarke
... • Antibiotic prophylaxis controversial • NICE (2008) do not recommend it, but many paediatric cardiologists do! • Diuretics and ACEI for heart failure • Repair if large defect with risk of pulmonary hypertension • No need for antibiotic prophylaxis once repaired and “endothelialised” Atrial septal d ...
... • Antibiotic prophylaxis controversial • NICE (2008) do not recommend it, but many paediatric cardiologists do! • Diuretics and ACEI for heart failure • Repair if large defect with risk of pulmonary hypertension • No need for antibiotic prophylaxis once repaired and “endothelialised” Atrial septal d ...
Cardiac failure
... reserve diastolic reserve: the work which the heart is able to perform beyond that required under the ordinary circumstances of daily life, depending upon the degree to which the cardiac muscle fibers can be stretched by the incoming blood during diastole contractility utilization of F-S Dilatio ...
... reserve diastolic reserve: the work which the heart is able to perform beyond that required under the ordinary circumstances of daily life, depending upon the degree to which the cardiac muscle fibers can be stretched by the incoming blood during diastole contractility utilization of F-S Dilatio ...
Cardiac Risk of Non-Cardiac Surgery
... to treat angina, symptomatic arrhythmias, hypertension, or other ACC/AHA Class I guideline indications. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Beta blockers should be given to patients undergoing vascular surgery who are at high cardiac risk owing to the finding of ischemia on preoperative testing. (Level of Evi ...
... to treat angina, symptomatic arrhythmias, hypertension, or other ACC/AHA Class I guideline indications. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Beta blockers should be given to patients undergoing vascular surgery who are at high cardiac risk owing to the finding of ischemia on preoperative testing. (Level of Evi ...
Atrial Defects
... • Aortic constriction increases the workload on the left ventricle, triggering left ventricular hypertrophy ( a poor prognostic indicator, as previously seen). • Cardiac output is maintained at normal levels and the blood flow to the upper part of the body is normal or increased, as the pressure pro ...
... • Aortic constriction increases the workload on the left ventricle, triggering left ventricular hypertrophy ( a poor prognostic indicator, as previously seen). • Cardiac output is maintained at normal levels and the blood flow to the upper part of the body is normal or increased, as the pressure pro ...
Cardiovascular System
... veins. Veins have much thinner walls than arteries, causing them to collapse easily. The veins also have valves that allow the blood to move only toward the heart. These valves prevent blood from backing away from the heart. The two large veins that enter the heart are the superior vena cava, which ...
... veins. Veins have much thinner walls than arteries, causing them to collapse easily. The veins also have valves that allow the blood to move only toward the heart. These valves prevent blood from backing away from the heart. The two large veins that enter the heart are the superior vena cava, which ...
ID_3558_The basis of internal medicine_English_sem_6
... Which medicine does not belong to drugs that have mucolytic effect? Acetylcystein Bromhexin Ambroxol Mucaltyn Clarityn Which medicine does not belong to antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bronchitis? Penicillines Macrolides Cefalosporines Phluoroquinolonwss Sulfanilamides What is the duratio ...
... Which medicine does not belong to drugs that have mucolytic effect? Acetylcystein Bromhexin Ambroxol Mucaltyn Clarityn Which medicine does not belong to antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bronchitis? Penicillines Macrolides Cefalosporines Phluoroquinolonwss Sulfanilamides What is the duratio ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.