the circulatory system
... 7. If there are a lot of white blood cells present, then it indicates that the body is fighting off an infection and germs. 8. The first number is the measure of the strongest pressure during the time blood is forced out of the ventricles. The second number is taken during the rest period while the ...
... 7. If there are a lot of white blood cells present, then it indicates that the body is fighting off an infection and germs. 8. The first number is the measure of the strongest pressure during the time blood is forced out of the ventricles. The second number is taken during the rest period while the ...
Art. 1.1475/ringraziamenti - European Review for Medical and
... survival, the number of affected patients is expected to grow. Even though traditional methods of assessment have been in use for managing HF, these are limited by time consuming and costly subjective interpretation and also by their invasive nature. Comparatively, biomarkers offer an objective and ...
... survival, the number of affected patients is expected to grow. Even though traditional methods of assessment have been in use for managing HF, these are limited by time consuming and costly subjective interpretation and also by their invasive nature. Comparatively, biomarkers offer an objective and ...
Underuse of Oral Anticoagulation for Individuals with Atrial
... with nonvalvular AF.3 Risk of stroke has been shown to be five times as high in individuals with AF.4 In addition, data suggest that AF is associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, with or without a history of clinical stroke.5 Anticoagulation therapy is a proven and effecti ...
... with nonvalvular AF.3 Risk of stroke has been shown to be five times as high in individuals with AF.4 In addition, data suggest that AF is associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, with or without a history of clinical stroke.5 Anticoagulation therapy is a proven and effecti ...
Staged approach for the management of atrial septal defect in the
... only 26 mm (Figure 1A) – with mild to moderate nonrheumatic mitral valve regurgitation, a very large right ventricle (RV) and a 22 mm secundum ASD (Figure 1B), with reasonable rims morphologically amenable to percutaneous device occlusion. The shunt was mainly left to right; however, a small, narrow ...
... only 26 mm (Figure 1A) – with mild to moderate nonrheumatic mitral valve regurgitation, a very large right ventricle (RV) and a 22 mm secundum ASD (Figure 1B), with reasonable rims morphologically amenable to percutaneous device occlusion. The shunt was mainly left to right; however, a small, narrow ...
Echocardiography in heart failure – a guide for general practice
... echocardiogram is whether left ventricular systolic function is normal or reduced (Figure 3). When systolic function is reduced, proven heart failure therapies such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and beta blockers improve cardiac symptoms and prognosis.1 The degree of reduction ...
... echocardiogram is whether left ventricular systolic function is normal or reduced (Figure 3). When systolic function is reduced, proven heart failure therapies such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and beta blockers improve cardiac symptoms and prognosis.1 The degree of reduction ...
National registry of myocardial infarction
... the attack signs, time and type of interventions, and the result of treatment, the golden time to treat the MI patients can be determined (6). Similarly the effect of background conditions (such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes …) on the incidence of MI or the differences resulting from such condi ...
... the attack signs, time and type of interventions, and the result of treatment, the golden time to treat the MI patients can be determined (6). Similarly the effect of background conditions (such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes …) on the incidence of MI or the differences resulting from such condi ...
Angiotensin-converting enzyme in cardiovascular function and dysfunction Liza Ljungberg
... juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure, low sodium concentration and increased sympathetic activity. Ang I has mild vasoconstrictor properties but not enough to cause significant physiological effects. Ang I is further converted to angiotensin II (ang II) by ...
... juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure, low sodium concentration and increased sympathetic activity. Ang I has mild vasoconstrictor properties but not enough to cause significant physiological effects. Ang I is further converted to angiotensin II (ang II) by ...
Sleep apnoea in heart failure
... heart failure (CHF), with Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) being the most frequent type of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) in these patients. Within the present study, the authors sought to assess the prevalence and type of SDB among CHF patients in Germany. A total of 203 CHF patients participated i ...
... heart failure (CHF), with Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) being the most frequent type of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) in these patients. Within the present study, the authors sought to assess the prevalence and type of SDB among CHF patients in Germany. A total of 203 CHF patients participated i ...
Acute Coronary Syndromes - the Australian Resuscitation Council
... Even amongst trained health care providers, signs and symptoms alone should not be used without other information for making the diagnosis of ACS1,2. (LOE IV) Signs and symptoms may be useful when used in combination with other information such as biomarkers, risk factors, an ECG and other diagnosti ...
... Even amongst trained health care providers, signs and symptoms alone should not be used without other information for making the diagnosis of ACS1,2. (LOE IV) Signs and symptoms may be useful when used in combination with other information such as biomarkers, risk factors, an ECG and other diagnosti ...
Clinical Advances in Heart Failure and Arrhythmias
... In accordance with the ACCME Standards for Commercial Support, course directors, planning committees, faculty and all others in control of the educational content of the CME activity must disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest that they or their spouse/partner may ...
... In accordance with the ACCME Standards for Commercial Support, course directors, planning committees, faculty and all others in control of the educational content of the CME activity must disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest that they or their spouse/partner may ...
Inhaled beta2-agonists and beta-blockers in patients with chronic
... (prior to randomization). A high single dose of formoterol (24μg) in this group of patients, with the coexistence of hypoxaemia, was implicated in the emergence of complex VPBs (ventricular bigeminy or multiform VPBs) at a rate of 25% and a trend towards an increase in the number of VPBs per 24-hour ...
... (prior to randomization). A high single dose of formoterol (24μg) in this group of patients, with the coexistence of hypoxaemia, was implicated in the emergence of complex VPBs (ventricular bigeminy or multiform VPBs) at a rate of 25% and a trend towards an increase in the number of VPBs per 24-hour ...
Right atrium and superior vena cava pressure measurements in a
... disadvantage to this operative approach: the increased reverse flow to the SVC, but it has proved to be well tolerated by patients with Fontan procedure at midterm and long term follow-up1. Our animal study showed in real time well tolerated hemodynamic changes with increased pressure at SVC level w ...
... disadvantage to this operative approach: the increased reverse flow to the SVC, but it has proved to be well tolerated by patients with Fontan procedure at midterm and long term follow-up1. Our animal study showed in real time well tolerated hemodynamic changes with increased pressure at SVC level w ...
Transposition of the great arteries
... children may just become slightly blue when they cry, while others may appear blue all the time. Often, TGA can be diagnosed before birth, allowing plans for treatment to be made in advance. Your child’s paediatric cardiologist will be able to advise you on the best possible place for your baby to b ...
... children may just become slightly blue when they cry, while others may appear blue all the time. Often, TGA can be diagnosed before birth, allowing plans for treatment to be made in advance. Your child’s paediatric cardiologist will be able to advise you on the best possible place for your baby to b ...
Should you evaluate for CAD in seniors with premature ventricular
... I find myself discussing PVCs most often with young women who don’t have known heart disease—rather than the elderly. I often discover PVCs on physical examination in the office or see them on a Holter monitor ordered to rule out other more worrisome arrhythmias. This reminds me that I need to not o ...
... I find myself discussing PVCs most often with young women who don’t have known heart disease—rather than the elderly. I often discover PVCs on physical examination in the office or see them on a Holter monitor ordered to rule out other more worrisome arrhythmias. This reminds me that I need to not o ...
A Patient`s Guide - Amarillo Heart Group
... In order to keep pumping day and night, the heart needs its own supply of oxygen. The coronary arteries are the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. As blood leaves the left ventricle, it is pumped into the aorta, the body's main artery. At the beginning of the aorta, near the t ...
... In order to keep pumping day and night, the heart needs its own supply of oxygen. The coronary arteries are the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. As blood leaves the left ventricle, it is pumped into the aorta, the body's main artery. At the beginning of the aorta, near the t ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
... Examples: valsartan (Diovan), candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), telmisartan (Micardis), olmesartan (Benicar), and losartan (Cozaar) All ARBs are similar in action ...
... Examples: valsartan (Diovan), candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), telmisartan (Micardis), olmesartan (Benicar), and losartan (Cozaar) All ARBs are similar in action ...
Adverse effect of increased left ventricular wall thickness on five year
... the course of a dobutamine infusion [3-6]. In the current study, LV wall motion was visualized throughout the course of testing in all segments for all participants; and thus, inadvertently missing a stress induced LV wall motion abnormality due to suboptimal image quality is not felt to be the caus ...
... the course of a dobutamine infusion [3-6]. In the current study, LV wall motion was visualized throughout the course of testing in all segments for all participants; and thus, inadvertently missing a stress induced LV wall motion abnormality due to suboptimal image quality is not felt to be the caus ...
Adverse effect of increased left ventricular wall thickness on five year
... the course of a dobutamine infusion [3-6]. In the current study, LV wall motion was visualized throughout the course of testing in all segments for all participants; and thus, inadvertently missing a stress induced LV wall motion abnormality due to suboptimal image quality is not felt to be the caus ...
... the course of a dobutamine infusion [3-6]. In the current study, LV wall motion was visualized throughout the course of testing in all segments for all participants; and thus, inadvertently missing a stress induced LV wall motion abnormality due to suboptimal image quality is not felt to be the caus ...
Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiac Rupture in Acute
... CLINICAL AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES It is known that FWR is a complication of the elderly patient, generally older than 55 years, with an average age 65-70 years (1,3,4,5,9,16,17), and, in contrast to relatively old reports (9,11,18,19), appears to have no gender preference (3,10,20-22), alth ...
... CLINICAL AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES It is known that FWR is a complication of the elderly patient, generally older than 55 years, with an average age 65-70 years (1,3,4,5,9,16,17), and, in contrast to relatively old reports (9,11,18,19), appears to have no gender preference (3,10,20-22), alth ...
Impact of completeness of revascularization by coronary intervention
... subjects with ongoing or recent STEMI and MVD in non-culprit vessels, although not being associated with a significant increase in adverse events, does not confer any meaningful clinical benefit [19]. Since our CEPT results also suggest that CR does not significantly improve CEPT parameters, we beli ...
... subjects with ongoing or recent STEMI and MVD in non-culprit vessels, although not being associated with a significant increase in adverse events, does not confer any meaningful clinical benefit [19]. Since our CEPT results also suggest that CR does not significantly improve CEPT parameters, we beli ...
Cumulative risk of cardiovascular events after orthotopic liver
... complications were excluded from transplantation and thus were not included in this study. At our institution, we consider transplantation to be contraindicated for patients with the following conditions: (1) decreased left ventricular systolic function (<45%), (2) decreased right ventricular functi ...
... complications were excluded from transplantation and thus were not included in this study. At our institution, we consider transplantation to be contraindicated for patients with the following conditions: (1) decreased left ventricular systolic function (<45%), (2) decreased right ventricular functi ...
Myocardial Infarction?
... and the subsequent survival of the patient for several weeks combined to make this possibility unlikely. More importantly, serum enzyme and isoenzyme determinations failed to confirm the presumptive diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The values for the serially measured activities (Table 1) of tota ...
... and the subsequent survival of the patient for several weeks combined to make this possibility unlikely. More importantly, serum enzyme and isoenzyme determinations failed to confirm the presumptive diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The values for the serially measured activities (Table 1) of tota ...
Atrial Fibrillation, the Arrhythmia of the Elderly
... had mitral valve disease. This is in keeping with the results of Davidson et al (7) who found valvular heart disease to be present in 22.8 % of their patients but much lower that the incidence found in less recent studies such as those reported by Radford et al. (8), Delahaye et al. (9) and others ( ...
... had mitral valve disease. This is in keeping with the results of Davidson et al (7) who found valvular heart disease to be present in 22.8 % of their patients but much lower that the incidence found in less recent studies such as those reported by Radford et al. (8), Delahaye et al. (9) and others ( ...
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients
... oxyhemoglobin desaturation did not significantly differ between patients with LV systolic dysfunction and those with normal LV function. Age, sex ratio, body weight, BMI, and the percentages of patients with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or history of smoking did not significantly differ ...
... oxyhemoglobin desaturation did not significantly differ between patients with LV systolic dysfunction and those with normal LV function. Age, sex ratio, body weight, BMI, and the percentages of patients with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or history of smoking did not significantly differ ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.