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Latitude and Longitude
Latitude and Longitude

... latitudes 90°N (north) and 90°S (south). ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... closer to Australia than to Europe. ...
5 Themes of Geography
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... • Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. • Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. ...
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... • In the Northern Hemisphere, magnetic declination is measured in degrees east or west of the geographic North Pole. • Because Earth’s magnetic field is constantly changing, the magnetic declinations of locations around the globe also change constantly. ...
Area 2
Area 2

... the results are not as accurate as those obtained by other navigational methods, dead reckoning is often used in bad weather. A very effective way of determining position is the long range navigation (Loran) method of electronic navigation. Although it is an accurate way to determine location in all ...
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... The line of 0 degrees longitude is called the _______. Longitude lines give directions ___ & ___ of the prime meridian. There are ____ degrees of longitude on each side of the prime meridian. Longitude lines are not ____ like latitude lines. ...
Five Themes of Geography
Five Themes of Geography

... N or 90°S at the poles. • Longitude lines run parallel to the Prime Meridian and run through Greenwich, England. They range from 0° at the Prime Meridian to 180°E or 180°W. • They are read in degrees °, minutes ' , and seconds " •Example: Warner Robins, GA •32°37'14.988"N and 83°36'00"W ...
Grid phenomenon, alignment of formations, ordered
Grid phenomenon, alignment of formations, ordered

... ORIGIN. Yu.V. Barkin, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, [email protected]/Fax:+07-095-9328841 Abstract. It is shown, that in a distribution of formations on planets and satellites of terrestrial group it is rather clearly the phenomena of netting (grid) and alignment proves. When, the centers ...
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The Six Elements of Geography
The Six Elements of Geography

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Geography Power point - Hewlett

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Lesson 1 The Geography of Our World
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Geography Skills
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... use the global grid. This grid is made up of lines known as latitude and longitude. Latitude lines, or parallels run east to west. *They measure the distance north or south of the equator. Longitude lines, or meridians run north to south.*They measure the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian ...
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... east direction – because that point is either west or east of the prime meridian. The hours of the day are based upon the sun’s position in the sky. Local noon is when the sun is at its highest altitude in the sky (usually at 12 pm). We use longitude as a reference to time. If we know that in 24 hou ...
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You are responsible for pages 3 – 13 in the text
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... Globe – a scale model of the earth. Great Circle Route – the shortest distance between two points on a globe. Grid System – used to determine absolute location – where latitude and longitude lines cross. Absolute location – the exact spot on the earth where a place is located (latitude and longitude ...
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Learning About Earth`s Geography - Hewlett
Learning About Earth`s Geography - Hewlett

... of the line of longitude we call the prime meridian. * The prime meridian is marked 0 or zero degrees longitude. The lines west of the prime meridian are measured in degrees from 1 to 179 west. * The line at 180 is called the International Date Line. It is in fact directly opposite on the globe from ...
PowerPoint
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CHAPTER 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS

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< 1 2 >

Celestial navigation



Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the ancient art and science of position fixing that enables a navigator to transition through a space without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position. Celestial navigation uses ""sights,"" or angular measurements taken between a celestial body (the sun, the moon, a planet or a star) and the visible horizon. The sun is most commonly used, but navigators can also use the moon, a planet or one of 57 navigational stars whose coordinates are tabulated in the Nautical Almanac and Air Almanacs.Celestial navigation is the use of angular measurements (sights) between celestial bodies and the visible horizon to locate one's position on the globe, on land as well as at sea. At a given time, any celestial body is located directly over one point on the Earth's surface. The latitude and longitude of that point is known as the celestial body’s geographic position (GP), the location of which can be determined from tables in the Nautical or Air Almanac for that year.The measured angle between the celestial body and the visible horizon is directly related to the distance between the celestial body's GP and the observer's position. After some computations, referred to as sight reduction, this measurement is used to plot a line of position (LOP) on a navigational chart or plotting work sheet, the observer's position being somewhere on that line. (The LOP is actually a short segment of a very large circle on the earth which surrounds the GP of the observed celestial body. An observer located anywhere on the circumference of this circle on the earth, measuring the angle of the same celestial body above the horizon at that instant of time, would observe that body to be at the same angle above the horizon.) Sights on two celestial bodies give two such lines on the chart, intersecting at the observer's position (actually, the two circles would result in two points of intersection arising from sights on two stars described above, but one can be discarded since it will be far from the estimated position—see the figure at ""example"" below). Most navigators will use sights of three to five stars, if they're available, since that will result in only one common intersection and minimize the chance for error. That premise is the basis for the most commonly used method of celestial navigation, and is referred to as the ""Altitude-Intercept Method.""There are several other methods of celestial navigation which will also provide position finding using sextant observations, such as the ""Noon Sight"", and the more archaic Lunar Distance method. Joshua Slocum used the Lunar Distance method during the first ever recorded single-handed circumnavigation of the world. Unlike the Altitude-Intercept Method, the noon sight and lunar distance methods do not require accurate knowledge of time. The altitude-intercept method of celestial navigation requires that the observer know exact Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) at the moment of his observation of the celestial body, to the second—since every four seconds that the time source (commonly a chronometer or in aircraft, an accurate ""hack watch"") is in error, the position will be off by approximately one nautical mile.
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