Download You are responsible for pages 3 – 13 in the text

Review for test 1 – not in order with study guide…..Sorry.
You are responsible for pages 3 – 15 in the text – including the vocabulary on 14 - 15.
Cartography – the study of maps and map making
Equator – 0 degrees North and South. 0 degrees latitude. Divides the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
Prime Meridian – 0 degrees East and West. 0 degrees longitude. Divides the Eastern and Southern
Hemispheres. Starting point for longitude was decided by international agreement to be the Prime
Meridian as it runs through Greenwich, England.
North Pole – as far north as one can go. 90 degrees north.
South Pole – as far south as one can go. 90 degrees south.
Latitude – lines that run from east to west parallel to the Equator that measure distances north and
south of the Equator. Latitude lines are also called parallels. 0 degrees latitude is the Equator.
Longitude - lines that run from Pole to Pole (north to south). Longitude lines measure distances east
and west of the Prime Meridian. Longitude lines are also called meridians. 0 degrees longitude is the
Prime Meridian.
Geography – the relationship between humans and the physical environment.
Globe – a scale model of the earth.
Great Circle Route – the shortest distance between two points on a globe.
Grid System – used to determine absolute location – where latitude and longitude lines cross.
Absolute location – the exact spot on the earth where a place is located (latitude and longitude or a
street address)
Relative location – a location that is given by its relationship to another place.
Hemisphere – half of the earth. Split at either the Prime Meridian or the Equator. The US is in the
northern and western hemispheres.
Conic projection - Conic – most accurate where the cone touches the globe. It is least accurate at the
tip of the cone and where the cone does not touch the globe. It is used for maps that run from east to
west in the middle latitudes (30 – 60 degrees N. & S.) US maps are usually conic.
Cylindrical – most accurate at the Equator. Most distorted at the Poles. It is used for navigation.
Distance and direction are good.
Planar – also called azimuthal is most accurate at the center point. It is most distorted along the edge of
the plane. It is usually used for maps of the Polar areas. In Polar maps, the Equator is most distorted.
Large scale maps: maps that show a small area in great detail (example: road map)
Small scale maps: maps that show a large area in a small amount of detail (example: states in the US)
T – Title – 3 parts – where the map shows, what type of map, date map shows (top middle)
O – orientation – compass rose (north, south, east, and west)
D – date – when the map was made (bottom right corner)
A – author – who made the map (bottom right corner)
L – legend – all the symbols and abbreviations used on the map (also known as the key)
S – source – where did the information come from (goes in the legend box)
I is index, G is grid, and the other S is Scale
Formal Region – an area that has boundaries determined by a common characteristic
Functional Region – a region that has a central point and the surrounding territory is linked to it.
Perceptual Region – a region that is defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective
data.
2 branches of geography – human (cultural) and physical geography
All flat maps have distortion because the world is round and maps are flat (3-D to 2 – D)
Be able to find a place by latitude and longitude and use latitude and longitude to find a place –
including all the places from map #1
7 continents – Australia, Antarctica, Africa, North America, South America, Asia, and Europe
5 oceans – Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Arctic, and Indian
Winkle – Triple: This is the map that the National Geographic Society adopted for its standard map in
1998. It is oval shaped and is a computer modified map.
Robinson: Elongated oval shaped.
Goode’s Interrupted: This map looks like the world’s skin has been peeled off and laid flat. It is not
accurate for navigation.
Mercator: This is one of the first cylindrical maps. It is distorted at the Polar areas and accurate at the
Equator. It is used for navigation.