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Geography
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Latitude
Lines of Latitude:
 Measures distance north or
south of the equator
 is measured in degrees,
minutes, and seconds of
arc
 shown on maps by lines
running east and west
Example
Equator
 divides the earth into the
Northern Hemisphere and
the Southern Hemisphere.
It is located at 0°
Longitude
Lines of longitude
 Made up of meridians
 Lines of equal longitude, are
marked on charts as lines
running north and south
Prime Meridian
 is numbered 0; from it,
longitude is reckoned 180°
eastward and 180°
westward.
Physical Map
Definition
 Allows you to see major
landforms like rivers,
mountains, and elevations
Political Map
 Allows you to see political
borders.
 Borders created by man, not
a physical border
The Fertile Crescent
History
 Civilization developed
slowly in different parts of
the world.
 People began to settle in
areas with abundant
natural resources.
 A section of the Middle
East is called the Fertile
Crescent.
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 The Fertile Crescent is a
rich food-growing area in a
part of the world where
most of the land is too dry
for farming.
 It is a quarter-moon
shaped region that goes
from the eastern shore of
the Mediterranean Sea to
the Persian Gulf.
Farming…
 the best farmland of the
Fertile Crescent is on a
narrow strip of land
between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
 Greeks later called this
area Mesopotamia, which
means “between the
rivers.”
Other people
 Many different civilizations
developed in this small
region.
 First the Sumerians, who
were replaced by the
Assyrians and the
Babylonians.
 Today this land is known as
Iraq.