The Learning Perspective
... reinforcement of human behavior, but rather on the effects of smiles, hugs, praise, approval, love, and interest and attention of others • People are most affected by social reinforcement • Social reinforcers don’t require a state of deprivation • Invoke principles of self-reinforcement – Self-rewar ...
... reinforcement of human behavior, but rather on the effects of smiles, hugs, praise, approval, love, and interest and attention of others • People are most affected by social reinforcement • Social reinforcers don’t require a state of deprivation • Invoke principles of self-reinforcement – Self-rewar ...
From Private Attitude to Public Opinion: A
... and thus is a static theory of how social processes operate at the level of the individual at a given point in time. One part of the theory deals with how much impact is experienced by an individual as a function of the strength, immediacy, and number of sources of impact. According to the theory, i ...
... and thus is a static theory of how social processes operate at the level of the individual at a given point in time. One part of the theory deals with how much impact is experienced by an individual as a function of the strength, immediacy, and number of sources of impact. According to the theory, i ...
Psychology - Cloudfront.net
... • Type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as alcohol) • The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response • Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick ...
... • Type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as alcohol) • The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response • Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick ...
Social Norms:
... A rule of behavior such that individuals prefer to conform to it on condition that they believe that (a) most people in their relevant network conform to it (empirical expectation), and (b) most people in their relevant network believe they ought to conform to it (normative expectation) and may sanc ...
... A rule of behavior such that individuals prefer to conform to it on condition that they believe that (a) most people in their relevant network conform to it (empirical expectation), and (b) most people in their relevant network believe they ought to conform to it (normative expectation) and may sanc ...
IPPTChap005 - North Iowa Community School
... Satisfied needs do not motivate the person’s behavior Needs are arranged by order of importance Need in the hierarchy will not be a motivator until those ...
... Satisfied needs do not motivate the person’s behavior Needs are arranged by order of importance Need in the hierarchy will not be a motivator until those ...
Module 43 44 45 test bank 2015
... D) the “learners” obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest. 34. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: A) “teachers” actually seemed to enjoy shocking the “learners.” B) “learners” received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. C) experimen ...
... D) the “learners” obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest. 34. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: A) “teachers” actually seemed to enjoy shocking the “learners.” B) “learners” received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. C) experimen ...
Social Relations
... Culture, the behaviors and beliefs of a group, is shared and passed on to others including the next generation of that group. This sharing of traditions, values, and ideas is a form of social influence that helps maintain the culture. Norms are the rules, often unspoken but commonly understood ...
... Culture, the behaviors and beliefs of a group, is shared and passed on to others including the next generation of that group. This sharing of traditions, values, and ideas is a form of social influence that helps maintain the culture. Norms are the rules, often unspoken but commonly understood ...
Theories of personality
... Explicit: we are aware of them, they shape conscious decisions Implicit: we are unaware of them, they influence our behavior in ways we do not recognize ...
... Explicit: we are aware of them, they shape conscious decisions Implicit: we are unaware of them, they influence our behavior in ways we do not recognize ...
Understanding and changing pUblic attitUdes
... Do other factors influence attitudes to asylum? As with all areas of life, the factors influencing attitudes towards asylum and immigration are complex and inter-connected. One of the difficulties in unpicking attitudes to any issue is that these often reflect an individual’s broader ‘world view’. T ...
... Do other factors influence attitudes to asylum? As with all areas of life, the factors influencing attitudes towards asylum and immigration are complex and inter-connected. One of the difficulties in unpicking attitudes to any issue is that these often reflect an individual’s broader ‘world view’. T ...
Behaviorism and the beginning of
... • According to James, psychology’s job will be complete when it has “ascertained the empirical correlation of the various sorts of thought or feeling with definite conditions of the brain” • Depends upon being able to identify and classify “the various thoughts of thought or feeling” • Dependence on ...
... • According to James, psychology’s job will be complete when it has “ascertained the empirical correlation of the various sorts of thought or feeling with definite conditions of the brain” • Depends upon being able to identify and classify “the various thoughts of thought or feeling” • Dependence on ...
Attitudes toward immigration and the neighborhood effect Staffan
... act accordingly. Neighborhoods therefore form spatially defined spaces with specific group-based norms and information, all which can encourage or discourage some forms of thinking or action. In these kinds of situations, it is likely both that the ideological minority may be converted to the majori ...
... act accordingly. Neighborhoods therefore form spatially defined spaces with specific group-based norms and information, all which can encourage or discourage some forms of thinking or action. In these kinds of situations, it is likely both that the ideological minority may be converted to the majori ...
03:17, 30 March 2007
... quantified by counting the number of guidelines which the subject shows adherence to. The second dependent variable is nutritional knowledge, which is important because it allows one's desire to eat healthily to be actualized. Parmenter and Wardle (1999) argue that a functional knowledge of nutritio ...
... quantified by counting the number of guidelines which the subject shows adherence to. The second dependent variable is nutritional knowledge, which is important because it allows one's desire to eat healthily to be actualized. Parmenter and Wardle (1999) argue that a functional knowledge of nutritio ...
Chapter 14
... LEARNING (continued) • Implications for Managers – Manage employee learning by means of rewards • positive and negative reinforcement strengthen a desired behaviour • punishment and extinction weaken an undesired behaviour ...
... LEARNING (continued) • Implications for Managers – Manage employee learning by means of rewards • positive and negative reinforcement strengthen a desired behaviour • punishment and extinction weaken an undesired behaviour ...
ppt
... 5. An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate. Answer to Example 5 6. A lion in a c ...
... 5. An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate. Answer to Example 5 6. A lion in a c ...
Methods to Use to Influence Determinants
... Protection Motivation Theory reactions in order to promote pectations rather than high outmoving way how a child is hurt by fireself-protective motivation and come expectations alone; is rare- works before demonstrating techniques for action ly effective safer firework handling. Self-affirmation tas ...
... Protection Motivation Theory reactions in order to promote pectations rather than high outmoving way how a child is hurt by fireself-protective motivation and come expectations alone; is rare- works before demonstrating techniques for action ly effective safer firework handling. Self-affirmation tas ...
MOTIVATION Motivating people is not an easy task. What motivates
... consider the content of the work that a person does. For example, Herzberg´s theory and that of Hackman and Oldham3 suggest that particular features of a job may motivate or demotivate an employee. Lastly, the concept people´s self-concept (who they are, their values) has also been studied as an imp ...
... consider the content of the work that a person does. For example, Herzberg´s theory and that of Hackman and Oldham3 suggest that particular features of a job may motivate or demotivate an employee. Lastly, the concept people´s self-concept (who they are, their values) has also been studied as an imp ...
the logic of xenophobia
... However, a position holding that cognition plays an important role in the construction of xenophobia should not be seen as a plea for an atomistic approach. Individuals are social, thinking, and feeling beings with personal biographies. Not just reason and cognition, but also emotions and other moti ...
... However, a position holding that cognition plays an important role in the construction of xenophobia should not be seen as a plea for an atomistic approach. Individuals are social, thinking, and feeling beings with personal biographies. Not just reason and cognition, but also emotions and other moti ...
Observations - Washington State University
... his/her terms, rather than in terms of the group being observed and its participants. Language. The observer must speak the same language as the observed. Age. Can by a problem in studying the old as well as young. For instance, some elderly have many problems that may be distressing to the research ...
... his/her terms, rather than in terms of the group being observed and its participants. Language. The observer must speak the same language as the observed. Age. Can by a problem in studying the old as well as young. For instance, some elderly have many problems that may be distressing to the research ...
Contact Hypothesis
... belief change through contact is "an example of the general cognitive process by which attributes of category members modify category attributes" In other words, knowing more about actual individuals in a stereotyped group changes the stereotypes of the entire group ...
... belief change through contact is "an example of the general cognitive process by which attributes of category members modify category attributes" In other words, knowing more about actual individuals in a stereotyped group changes the stereotypes of the entire group ...
chapter8 individual behavior
... • 2. the target: the characteristics of the object being observed can affect what is perceived. E.g.: loud vs. quiet people. Because targets are not looked at in isolation, the relationship of target to its background also influences perception • 3. the context in which we see the object: the time, ...
... • 2. the target: the characteristics of the object being observed can affect what is perceived. E.g.: loud vs. quiet people. Because targets are not looked at in isolation, the relationship of target to its background also influences perception • 3. the context in which we see the object: the time, ...
Reinforcement Theory states that people are more likely
... Skinner studied operant conditioning by conductingexperiments using rats, which he placed in a "Skinner Box". In his experiment, the box contained a lever in the side and as the rats moved about the box they would accidentally knock the lever. Immediately as they did so a food pellet would drop into ...
... Skinner studied operant conditioning by conductingexperiments using rats, which he placed in a "Skinner Box". In his experiment, the box contained a lever in the side and as the rats moved about the box they would accidentally knock the lever. Immediately as they did so a food pellet would drop into ...
CHAPTER 2
... Explore how assimilation and accommodation work as a child tries to understand the world. ...
... Explore how assimilation and accommodation work as a child tries to understand the world. ...
Social Psychology - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Social Psychology: The Study of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior Influenced By the Real, or Implied Presence of Others Social Psychology studies how we think about our social world, how other people influence our behavior, and how we relate toward other people. “He’s been under a lot of ...
... Social Psychology: The Study of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior Influenced By the Real, or Implied Presence of Others Social Psychology studies how we think about our social world, how other people influence our behavior, and how we relate toward other people. “He’s been under a lot of ...
Attitude change
Attitudes are associated beliefs and behaviors towards some object. They are not stable, and because of the communication and behavior of other people, are subject to change by social influences, as well as by the individual's motivation to maintain cognitive consistency when cognitive dissonance occurs--when two attitudes or attitude and behavior conflict. Attitudes and attitude objects are functions of affective and cognitive components. It has been suggested that the inter-structural composition of an associative network can be altered by the activation of a single node. Thus, by activating an affective or emotional node, attitude change may be possible, though affective and cognitive components tend to be intertwined.