Implicit Theories and Their Role in Judgments and Reactions: A
... specific psychological or behavioral mediators in understanding human actions and outcomes. This differential emphasis on traits versus specific mediators in turn fosters different reactions to negative events and negative behavior. For example, our research has shown that entity theorists of intell ...
... specific psychological or behavioral mediators in understanding human actions and outcomes. This differential emphasis on traits versus specific mediators in turn fosters different reactions to negative events and negative behavior. For example, our research has shown that entity theorists of intell ...
TARGET ARTICLE The Law of Cognitive Structure Activation
... is the most highly active in memory and the most semantically similar to the stimulus. We suggest that this robust phenomenon be labeled the law of cognitive structure activation. In the first part of the article, parameters of the law are discussed. In the second part, possible applications of the ...
... is the most highly active in memory and the most semantically similar to the stimulus. We suggest that this robust phenomenon be labeled the law of cognitive structure activation. In the first part of the article, parameters of the law are discussed. In the second part, possible applications of the ...
Dual Process Theories
... This insight has inspired a disjunctive conceptualization of automaticity, according to which a process can be characterized as automatic if it meets at least one of the four criteria of automaticity. That is, a process can be described as automatic if it is either (1) unintentional, (2) efficient, ...
... This insight has inspired a disjunctive conceptualization of automaticity, according to which a process can be characterized as automatic if it meets at least one of the four criteria of automaticity. That is, a process can be described as automatic if it is either (1) unintentional, (2) efficient, ...
Persuasion in Ambient Intelligence
... comply to people they like [18, 19]. This finding influences the development of ambient persuasive systems as it signals the importance of the social actor role of the system. It has been shown previously that simple social cues such as praise can increase the perceived friendliness of a virtual sou ...
... comply to people they like [18, 19]. This finding influences the development of ambient persuasive systems as it signals the importance of the social actor role of the system. It has been shown previously that simple social cues such as praise can increase the perceived friendliness of a virtual sou ...
Caught in the Cultural Lag: The Stigma of Singlehood.
... We found that never married persons are much more likely than their married peers to report discriminatory treatment, yet this treatment occurred largely in informal, interpersonal exchanges (net of possible social selection and confounding factors). Single men are more likely than married men to sa ...
... We found that never married persons are much more likely than their married peers to report discriminatory treatment, yet this treatment occurred largely in informal, interpersonal exchanges (net of possible social selection and confounding factors). Single men are more likely than married men to sa ...
Experiential thanatopsis for widows in later life
... The lifestyles of American widows vary so greatly that it is impossible to define "the American widow" beyond the simple statement that she is a woman whose husband has died. ...
... The lifestyles of American widows vary so greatly that it is impossible to define "the American widow" beyond the simple statement that she is a woman whose husband has died. ...
Implicit Self-esteem - University of Washington
... the valence of one concept after being presented with another concept. For example, if a person found it very easy to judge the word "sunshine" as pleasant immediately after seeing the word "democrat," then he or she has a positive attitude towards democrats. What has occurred is that the affective ...
... the valence of one concept after being presented with another concept. For example, if a person found it very easy to judge the word "sunshine" as pleasant immediately after seeing the word "democrat," then he or she has a positive attitude towards democrats. What has occurred is that the affective ...
full text pdf
... usurp values such as human dignity and thus they seem to refuse that these values might be a part of consequentialist ethical theories. I agree with Gluchman’s opinion that “moral values cannot be identified with specific ethical theories based on formal criteria only” (Gluchman, 1999a, p. 113). Any ...
... usurp values such as human dignity and thus they seem to refuse that these values might be a part of consequentialist ethical theories. I agree with Gluchman’s opinion that “moral values cannot be identified with specific ethical theories based on formal criteria only” (Gluchman, 1999a, p. 113). Any ...
Chapter_14 Edited
... Attribution theory – Seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual’s behavior, what the specific causes of that person’s behavior are ...
... Attribution theory – Seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual’s behavior, what the specific causes of that person’s behavior are ...
The Pain Was Greater If It Will Happen Again
... Indeed, people often choose to expect the worst of an upcoming experience in hopes of creating a more favorable contrast between their expectations and reality. Although this type of bracing can be part of a chronic tendency called defensive pessimism (Norem & Cantor, 1986a, 1986b), it can also serv ...
... Indeed, people often choose to expect the worst of an upcoming experience in hopes of creating a more favorable contrast between their expectations and reality. Although this type of bracing can be part of a chronic tendency called defensive pessimism (Norem & Cantor, 1986a, 1986b), it can also serv ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Strack, Kommer, & Wagner, 1987) have demonstrated that affect influences subsequent evaluations and attitudes when those affective states are used as sources of information. According to the “feelings as information” perspective, individuals use their apparent affective responses to a target as a ba ...
... Strack, Kommer, & Wagner, 1987) have demonstrated that affect influences subsequent evaluations and attitudes when those affective states are used as sources of information. According to the “feelings as information” perspective, individuals use their apparent affective responses to a target as a ba ...
Behaviour and Attitudes
... While Wicker and others were describing the weakness of attitudes, some personality psychologists found personality traits equally ineffective in predicting behaviour (Mischel, 1968). If we want to know how helpful people are going to be, we usually won’t learn much by giving them tests of self-este ...
... While Wicker and others were describing the weakness of attitudes, some personality psychologists found personality traits equally ineffective in predicting behaviour (Mischel, 1968). If we want to know how helpful people are going to be, we usually won’t learn much by giving them tests of self-este ...
Chapter 1
... • Emotion and Attitude Change Emotions and moods themselves can be used as a heuristic; we ask ourselves “How do I feel about it?” and if we feel good, we infer we have a positive attitude. This can get us into trouble if the good feelings are due to something other than the attitude object. Aronson ...
... • Emotion and Attitude Change Emotions and moods themselves can be used as a heuristic; we ask ourselves “How do I feel about it?” and if we feel good, we infer we have a positive attitude. This can get us into trouble if the good feelings are due to something other than the attitude object. Aronson ...
... cannot recall information while other participant is recalling, and the former forgets information that he otherwise would recall. Another explanation was proposed by Weldon, Blair and Huebsch (2000), which aimed to understand whether motivational and social factors contribute to the collaborative i ...
The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms
... behavioral rules having a conditional structure. Social norms are not fixed behavioral patterns but rules that are preferred when subjects are properly focused, expect others to conform (empirical expectations) and believe others also expect them to comply (normative expectations). If people are not ...
... behavioral rules having a conditional structure. Social norms are not fixed behavioral patterns but rules that are preferred when subjects are properly focused, expect others to conform (empirical expectations) and believe others also expect them to comply (normative expectations). If people are not ...
A Decade of System Justification Theory
... self-interest, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, and intergroup conflict. In the case of social identity theory, Tajfel (1975) absorbed much of this framework from Hirschman’s (1970) rational choice analysis of exit versus loyalty. Other aspects may have resulted from Tajfel and Turner’s ...
... self-interest, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, and intergroup conflict. In the case of social identity theory, Tajfel (1975) absorbed much of this framework from Hirschman’s (1970) rational choice analysis of exit versus loyalty. Other aspects may have resulted from Tajfel and Turner’s ...
Group decision rules and group rationality under risk
... directly communicate during the group decisions (Stage 2 of M- and U-treatment). In the control treatment, answering all questions took 21 minutes on average. In the other two treatments, subjects needed about 7 minutes more due to group deliberations. Stage 1 gave us information on subjects’ behavi ...
... directly communicate during the group decisions (Stage 2 of M- and U-treatment). In the control treatment, answering all questions took 21 minutes on average. In the other two treatments, subjects needed about 7 minutes more due to group deliberations. Stage 1 gave us information on subjects’ behavi ...
Content and Structure of the Self-Concept
... This initial work adopted a guiding metaphor that one’s self-concept is a vessel filled by the ongoing accumulation of one’s life experiences. For example, some of the earliest theorizing about the origin of self-concept suggested that it was based upon one’s interactions with others (e.g., Cooley, 1 ...
... This initial work adopted a guiding metaphor that one’s self-concept is a vessel filled by the ongoing accumulation of one’s life experiences. For example, some of the earliest theorizing about the origin of self-concept suggested that it was based upon one’s interactions with others (e.g., Cooley, 1 ...
Understanding Others
... phrases that come to mind when they are asked Who Are You? Locus of Control Scale measures student views of the degree to which internal or external factors determine what happens to people. Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire measures student intentions to become involved in future community s ...
... phrases that come to mind when they are asked Who Are You? Locus of Control Scale measures student views of the degree to which internal or external factors determine what happens to people. Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire measures student intentions to become involved in future community s ...
Understanding the Selection Bias - American Sociological Association
... Research has found that prejudiced people avoid friendships with members of ethnic outgroups. Results of this study suggest that this effect is mediated by a social network process. Longitudinal network analysis of a three-wave panel study of 12- to 13-year-olds (N = 453) found that more prejudiced ...
... Research has found that prejudiced people avoid friendships with members of ethnic outgroups. Results of this study suggest that this effect is mediated by a social network process. Longitudinal network analysis of a three-wave panel study of 12- to 13-year-olds (N = 453) found that more prejudiced ...
Blau, Peter (1918–2002)
... percent of the population has 20 years of education and the other 10 percent has 6 years of education, we should expect less intergroup relations along the education dimension in a society in which people are evenly distributed across this dimension even when holding constant the individual preferen ...
... percent of the population has 20 years of education and the other 10 percent has 6 years of education, we should expect less intergroup relations along the education dimension in a society in which people are evenly distributed across this dimension even when holding constant the individual preferen ...
Resisting Persuasion by Illegitimate Means: A Metacognitive
... We submit that when this occurs, people likely have lingering doubts about their attitudes and their ability to resist using a more thoughtful or legitimate method (e.g., counterarguing). If true, people would be expected to show evidence of decreased attitude certainty following initial resistance ...
... We submit that when this occurs, people likely have lingering doubts about their attitudes and their ability to resist using a more thoughtful or legitimate method (e.g., counterarguing). If true, people would be expected to show evidence of decreased attitude certainty following initial resistance ...
Creating Common Beliefs in Rescue Situations
... intention, provides the only means for the rescue action to succeed. MAS can be organized using different paradigms or metaphors. For teamwork, BDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) systems form a proper paradigm. Thus, some multiagent systems may be viewed as intentional systems implementing practical ...
... intention, provides the only means for the rescue action to succeed. MAS can be organized using different paradigms or metaphors. For teamwork, BDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) systems form a proper paradigm. Thus, some multiagent systems may be viewed as intentional systems implementing practical ...
m5zn_59fe823c32aee0e
... Personality and color Consumers tend to associate personality factors with specific colors. For instance, Coca-Cola is associated with red, which connotes excitement. Blue bottles are used to sell wine because the color blue appeals to female consumers, and they buy the majority of wine. Yellow is ...
... Personality and color Consumers tend to associate personality factors with specific colors. For instance, Coca-Cola is associated with red, which connotes excitement. Blue bottles are used to sell wine because the color blue appeals to female consumers, and they buy the majority of wine. Yellow is ...