Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – Infectious, Contagious
... tallow (fat) extraction during MBM rendering from solvent-based (wet, higher temperatures) to pressure-based (dry, lower temperatures) allowed the infectious agent to survive (Wilesmith et al. 1991, Kimberlin 1992). Epidemiological studies on the clinical BSE cases diagnosed in UK in 1986 and 1987 h ...
... tallow (fat) extraction during MBM rendering from solvent-based (wet, higher temperatures) to pressure-based (dry, lower temperatures) allowed the infectious agent to survive (Wilesmith et al. 1991, Kimberlin 1992). Epidemiological studies on the clinical BSE cases diagnosed in UK in 1986 and 1987 h ...
Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife
... distributed in mammals, both humans and animals. The occurrence of the disease in humans depends largely on the occurrence of brucellosis in an animal reservoir, including wildlife. In 1887, Sir David Bruce isolated the organism (Micrococcus melitensis) responsible for the ‘Malta fever’ from a Briti ...
... distributed in mammals, both humans and animals. The occurrence of the disease in humans depends largely on the occurrence of brucellosis in an animal reservoir, including wildlife. In 1887, Sir David Bruce isolated the organism (Micrococcus melitensis) responsible for the ‘Malta fever’ from a Briti ...
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... Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from C. difficile most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. Howeve ...
... Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from C. difficile most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. Howeve ...
Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia
... in macrophages and by formation of biofilm.36 Virulence factors of B trehalosi are not as well understood as those of many of the other BRD bacterial pathogens; however, there are many similarities with M haemolytica. Strains are encapsulated, and some strains are positive for LKT whereas others are ...
... in macrophages and by formation of biofilm.36 Virulence factors of B trehalosi are not as well understood as those of many of the other BRD bacterial pathogens; however, there are many similarities with M haemolytica. Strains are encapsulated, and some strains are positive for LKT whereas others are ...
Genital herpes: The basics more patients should
... major transcriptional regulator, ICP4, from a weak to a highly potent activator of viral mRNA synthesis. Accumulation of ICP0 causes the HSV genome to abruptly tip towards productive replication, whereas absence of ICP0 strongly favors establishment of a silent HSV infection. Anything that trigger ...
... major transcriptional regulator, ICP4, from a weak to a highly potent activator of viral mRNA synthesis. Accumulation of ICP0 causes the HSV genome to abruptly tip towards productive replication, whereas absence of ICP0 strongly favors establishment of a silent HSV infection. Anything that trigger ...
Interference with research - GV
... Infectious agents may affect animal populations in various ways. Some are pathogenic and may induce clinical signs with variable morbidity or mortality. However, most microorganisms induce no or only mild disease, at least in cases of endemic infections. Occasionally, loss of animals occurs as a con ...
... Infectious agents may affect animal populations in various ways. Some are pathogenic and may induce clinical signs with variable morbidity or mortality. However, most microorganisms induce no or only mild disease, at least in cases of endemic infections. Occasionally, loss of animals occurs as a con ...
Anthrax as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health
... residents in the affected area some time after exposure, but which patients received these interventions and when is not known. In fatal cases, the interval between onset of symptoms and death averaged 3 days. This is similar to the disease course and case fatality rate in untreated experimental mon ...
... residents in the affected area some time after exposure, but which patients received these interventions and when is not known. In fatal cases, the interval between onset of symptoms and death averaged 3 days. This is similar to the disease course and case fatality rate in untreated experimental mon ...
Coccidioidomycosis: A review and update C ONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION
... associated with environmental events, such as dust storms,54 earthquakes,55,56 and droughts.51 An increased risk of infection is seen in persons with exposure to dust and soil. Outbreaks have occurred with occupational exposure in archeological workers57-60 and in military personnel.3,61-66 In the m ...
... associated with environmental events, such as dust storms,54 earthquakes,55,56 and droughts.51 An increased risk of infection is seen in persons with exposure to dust and soil. Outbreaks have occurred with occupational exposure in archeological workers57-60 and in military personnel.3,61-66 In the m ...
Import risk analysis : chicken meat and chicken meat products
... For all chicken meat products significant risks were considered to be associated with certain serotypes of Salmonella and with paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease). Specific measures were formulated to reduce the risk of introducing these pathogens. Further, this analysis identified another technical ...
... For all chicken meat products significant risks were considered to be associated with certain serotypes of Salmonella and with paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease). Specific measures were formulated to reduce the risk of introducing these pathogens. Further, this analysis identified another technical ...
Principle of Vaccinology
... • The history of vaccinology lends itself to discussion of its progress in terms of periods or eras, in which new advances were made. ...
... • The history of vaccinology lends itself to discussion of its progress in terms of periods or eras, in which new advances were made. ...
Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections
... 9). Many studies have suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci are the major pathogens in shunt infections, followed by S. aureus (4, 10-12). However, gram-negative bacteria are also responsible for 7%-24% of all VPS infections (7, 13). This study is consistent with previous reports of shunt ...
... 9). Many studies have suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci are the major pathogens in shunt infections, followed by S. aureus (4, 10-12). However, gram-negative bacteria are also responsible for 7%-24% of all VPS infections (7, 13). This study is consistent with previous reports of shunt ...
Influence of pneumococcal serotype group on outcome in adults with bacteraemic pneumonia ´n*
... accounts for 9–18 cases per 100,000 adults [1]. The outcome is a complex process that depends on interactions between factors related to the host [2, 3], therapy [4–6] and microorganism [7, 8], including the bacterial pneumococcal load [9]. ...
... accounts for 9–18 cases per 100,000 adults [1]. The outcome is a complex process that depends on interactions between factors related to the host [2, 3], therapy [4–6] and microorganism [7, 8], including the bacterial pneumococcal load [9]. ...
Characterization of erythrovirus B19 genomes isolated in liver
... Background: Fulminant hepatitis and biliary atresia are serious problems and their causes have not been explained well. We investigated whether or not erythrovirus B19 is a candidate etiologic agent in such liver disease patients who had undergone liver transplantation. Methods: Liver tissues from 4 ...
... Background: Fulminant hepatitis and biliary atresia are serious problems and their causes have not been explained well. We investigated whether or not erythrovirus B19 is a candidate etiologic agent in such liver disease patients who had undergone liver transplantation. Methods: Liver tissues from 4 ...
National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)
... remainder of the Statement for details. 1. What Varicella (chickenpox) is a viral disease that typically occurs in childhood. Immunization is recommended as a part of the childhood schedule. For some susceptible individuals, prophylactic immunoglobulin (VarIg) can be offered after exposure to preven ...
... remainder of the Statement for details. 1. What Varicella (chickenpox) is a viral disease that typically occurs in childhood. Immunization is recommended as a part of the childhood schedule. For some susceptible individuals, prophylactic immunoglobulin (VarIg) can be offered after exposure to preven ...
eMERGE Network Project Proposal for
... Genetic variation that predicts white blood count (WBC) and it differential, a marker of the health of the immune system. The Group Health, Marshfield and Mayo sites report >98% of subjects have WBC. Northwestern reports 92% and Vanderbilt reports 91.4%. At Group Health, 93% of subjects have a WBC d ...
... Genetic variation that predicts white blood count (WBC) and it differential, a marker of the health of the immune system. The Group Health, Marshfield and Mayo sites report >98% of subjects have WBC. Northwestern reports 92% and Vanderbilt reports 91.4%. At Group Health, 93% of subjects have a WBC d ...
ACUTE INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS IN PLEURAL EFFUSIONS
... are increasingly important in both therapeutic and diagnostic processes, with high potential to guide preventive interventions (6). According to Infectious Disease Biomarker Database (IDBD) there are currently, 611 biomarkers for 66 infectious diseases and 70 pathogens (7). The database contains app ...
... are increasingly important in both therapeutic and diagnostic processes, with high potential to guide preventive interventions (6). According to Infectious Disease Biomarker Database (IDBD) there are currently, 611 biomarkers for 66 infectious diseases and 70 pathogens (7). The database contains app ...
frequently asked questions about rabies
... The quarantine period is a precaution against the remote possibility that an animal may appear healthy, but actually be sick with rabies. To understand this statement, you have to understand a few things about the pathogenesis of rabies (the way the rabies virus affects the animal it infects). From ...
... The quarantine period is a precaution against the remote possibility that an animal may appear healthy, but actually be sick with rabies. To understand this statement, you have to understand a few things about the pathogenesis of rabies (the way the rabies virus affects the animal it infects). From ...
SARS in Singapore – Key Lessons from an Epidemic
... isolation policy resulted in very large numbers of individuals being quarantined or placed on phone surveillance, who eventually turned out not to have SARS. During the SARS outbreak, nearly 8000 contacts were served home quarantine orders while at least a further 4300 were put on daily telephone su ...
... isolation policy resulted in very large numbers of individuals being quarantined or placed on phone surveillance, who eventually turned out not to have SARS. During the SARS outbreak, nearly 8000 contacts were served home quarantine orders while at least a further 4300 were put on daily telephone su ...
Laboratory Manual for the Diagnosis of Whooping
... Whooping cough is not only a childhood disease. It is dramatic for neonates and infants but can also be very severe for children and adults. For over 40 years, whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been very effective, preventing around 760 000 deaths worldwide every year. Nevertheless, pertussis disea ...
... Whooping cough is not only a childhood disease. It is dramatic for neonates and infants but can also be very severe for children and adults. For over 40 years, whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been very effective, preventing around 760 000 deaths worldwide every year. Nevertheless, pertussis disea ...
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... etc.).However, the effect of these medications on the size of the lymph node was not recorded quantitatively and was simply described to either have no decrease in size or showed progressive increase in size. Such progression in size was also not quantified on record. Those given antibiotics immedia ...
... etc.).However, the effect of these medications on the size of the lymph node was not recorded quantitatively and was simply described to either have no decrease in size or showed progressive increase in size. Such progression in size was also not quantified on record. Those given antibiotics immedia ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children Authors: Dori F
... bacteria [7,8]. An immune-mediated mechanism is supported by the finding that infants and young children infrequently develop clinical findings of pneumonia despite evidence of M. pneumoniae infection. In addition, the antibodies produced against the glycolipid antigens of M. pneumoniae may act as a ...
... bacteria [7,8]. An immune-mediated mechanism is supported by the finding that infants and young children infrequently develop clinical findings of pneumonia despite evidence of M. pneumoniae infection. In addition, the antibodies produced against the glycolipid antigens of M. pneumoniae may act as a ...
Diaper rash - Home | Learn Pediatrics
... Diaper rash is the most common dermatitis found in infancy. Prevalence has been variably reported from 4-35% in the first 2 years of life; incidence triples in babies with diarrhea. It is not unusual for infants to have at least 1 episode of diaper rash by the time he or she is toilettrained. Becaus ...
... Diaper rash is the most common dermatitis found in infancy. Prevalence has been variably reported from 4-35% in the first 2 years of life; incidence triples in babies with diarrhea. It is not unusual for infants to have at least 1 episode of diaper rash by the time he or she is toilettrained. Becaus ...
Disease Strategy Manual - Abalone viral ganglioneuritis
... the Commonwealth prior to undertaking any of the response options set out within this publication. Being a guide only, outbreaks or suspected outbreaks must be assessed on a case by case basis and expert advice should be obtained to determine the most appropriate management plan in response to the r ...
... the Commonwealth prior to undertaking any of the response options set out within this publication. Being a guide only, outbreaks or suspected outbreaks must be assessed on a case by case basis and expert advice should be obtained to determine the most appropriate management plan in response to the r ...
Tubo-ovarian Actinomycosis Complicated with Hepatic Abscess
... dissemination resulting in multiorgan involvement. They are also known to disregard anatomical boundaries, and have the ability to infect organs all over the body, including the liver.3 Abdominal actinomycosis is thought to result either from disruption of the mucosa or from bowel perforation.4 Live ...
... dissemination resulting in multiorgan involvement. They are also known to disregard anatomical boundaries, and have the ability to infect organs all over the body, including the liver.3 Abdominal actinomycosis is thought to result either from disruption of the mucosa or from bowel perforation.4 Live ...
- Infection Prevention Tools
... infections are now the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections treated at emergency departments. S. aureus caused 76%, and of these, 78% were MRSA. 2007 CDC study (2005 data) – estimated 90,000 cases of invasive MRSA in U.S., with 19,000 deaths (17,000 deaths from AIDS in 2005) ...
... infections are now the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections treated at emergency departments. S. aureus caused 76%, and of these, 78% were MRSA. 2007 CDC study (2005 data) – estimated 90,000 cases of invasive MRSA in U.S., with 19,000 deaths (17,000 deaths from AIDS in 2005) ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.