Heat: Session 1 - The Open University
... In the Communicable Diseases Module, Part 1, Study Sessions 3 and 4, you learned that some diseases are preventable by immunization with vaccines. Many different types of vaccines are available, and these can be enormously successful in preventing some of the major communicable diseases particularly ...
... In the Communicable Diseases Module, Part 1, Study Sessions 3 and 4, you learned that some diseases are preventable by immunization with vaccines. Many different types of vaccines are available, and these can be enormously successful in preventing some of the major communicable diseases particularly ...
190.14 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing (Diagnosis)
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Care Facilities in Ireland 2013/2014
... spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughing from 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and continue to be infectious for a further 3-5 ...
... spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughing from 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and continue to be infectious for a further 3-5 ...
Dissolving Illusions – Disease, Vaccines, and a History You Don`t
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
~ 5 ~ Smallpox and the First Vaccine
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
... a dairymaid, Sarah Nelms, and inoculated James Phipps. He would later deliberately expose James Phipps to smallpox to test if he was protected by his cowpox inoculation. Because the boy apparently did not contract smallpox, itprovided the evidence that Jenner believed was sufficient to claim that th ...
Rotavirus vaccination
... younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. The Lancet. Published online October 25, 2011. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, Van Damme P, Santosham M, Rodriguez Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human- ...
... younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. The Lancet. Published online October 25, 2011. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, Van Damme P, Santosham M, Rodriguez Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human- ...
J i t Cli i l M ti Joint Clinical Meeting
... i t t TB MDR-TB | Resistance to at least both isoniazid & rifampicin in vitro | 3.2% of world new TB cases | 1% in HK | Inadequate drug prescribed | Poor drug compliance ...
... i t t TB MDR-TB | Resistance to at least both isoniazid & rifampicin in vitro | 3.2% of world new TB cases | 1% in HK | Inadequate drug prescribed | Poor drug compliance ...
CMV Transmission and Breastmilk
... The survival very premature infants presents challenges in neonatal care that did not exist forty years ago. The majority of reports of acute and serious CMV illness are clinical cases of extremely low birth weight infants born before 28 weeks gestation. Kurath and colleagues point out it is often d ...
... The survival very premature infants presents challenges in neonatal care that did not exist forty years ago. The majority of reports of acute and serious CMV illness are clinical cases of extremely low birth weight infants born before 28 weeks gestation. Kurath and colleagues point out it is often d ...
Swine Influenza A (H1N1 Virus): A Pandemic Disease
... human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.[51] The first identification of an influenza virus as a cause of disease in pigs occurred about 10 years later, in 1930. For the following 60 years, swine influenza strains were almost exclusively H1N1. T ...
... human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.[51] The first identification of an influenza virus as a cause of disease in pigs occurred about 10 years later, in 1930. For the following 60 years, swine influenza strains were almost exclusively H1N1. T ...
SpeckledMonsterTeacherGuidance
... PE sash (or some other ‘marker’) to wear. Ask any character who has died from smallpox to raise their hand. Ask the children who have died to leave their household (their table) and sit in an allocated area of the room (e.g. the carpet) – the graveyard! These children can be asked to draw a map of t ...
... PE sash (or some other ‘marker’) to wear. Ask any character who has died from smallpox to raise their hand. Ask the children who have died to leave their household (their table) and sit in an allocated area of the room (e.g. the carpet) – the graveyard! These children can be asked to draw a map of t ...
HPSC annual report 2010 - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... provided data to ECDC in their latest report (2008 data). and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities in the summer of 2010. The low rate of pressure sores The very high rate of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and urinary catheter use, despite a high proportion of (VTEC) reported in 2009 decre ...
... provided data to ECDC in their latest report (2008 data). and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities in the summer of 2010. The low rate of pressure sores The very high rate of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and urinary catheter use, despite a high proportion of (VTEC) reported in 2009 decre ...
Welfare assessment in young pet rabbits and guinea pigs in the
... Problems caused by abnormal dentition are the most important reason for presentation of rabbits at four out of five clinics described by Langenecker et al.8 In Zurich this occurred in 14% of the rabbits with a mean age of 3,3 years. In the other studies this was 8 to 25% of all the rabbits presented ...
... Problems caused by abnormal dentition are the most important reason for presentation of rabbits at four out of five clinics described by Langenecker et al.8 In Zurich this occurred in 14% of the rabbits with a mean age of 3,3 years. In the other studies this was 8 to 25% of all the rabbits presented ...
Prevaccination Antibody Screening and Immunization Program for
... immunization program with postvaccination serological testing. We implemented seroprevalence surveys on MMRV antibodies among 243 newly and 2,664 previously hired HCP in a Japanese tertiary care hospital. Self-administered questionnaires about history of MMRV and vaccination with or without written ...
... immunization program with postvaccination serological testing. We implemented seroprevalence surveys on MMRV antibodies among 243 newly and 2,664 previously hired HCP in a Japanese tertiary care hospital. Self-administered questionnaires about history of MMRV and vaccination with or without written ...
Why Is There Still Rabies in the World? - An...
... throughout most of the developed world, it remains a significant burden in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. Although industrialized countries have been able to contain recent outbreaks, many resource-limited and transitioning countries have not been able to react adequately. Al ...
... throughout most of the developed world, it remains a significant burden in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. Although industrialized countries have been able to contain recent outbreaks, many resource-limited and transitioning countries have not been able to react adequately. Al ...
What is plague? - The University of Sydney
... reservoir of Y. pestis is not known, but our large cities support large populations of black rats, which certainly can. The exclusion of plague from our environment may have had an element of luck due to low density of rodents outside the immediate port areas, but in general it reflects the clear-si ...
... reservoir of Y. pestis is not known, but our large cities support large populations of black rats, which certainly can. The exclusion of plague from our environment may have had an element of luck due to low density of rodents outside the immediate port areas, but in general it reflects the clear-si ...
Diagnostic Standards and Classification of TB in Adults and Children (PDF)
... Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through the air by droplet nuclei, particles 1 to 5 m in diameter that contain M. tuberculosis complex (4). Droplet nuclei are produced when persons with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. They also may be produced by aero ...
... Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through the air by droplet nuclei, particles 1 to 5 m in diameter that contain M. tuberculosis complex (4). Droplet nuclei are produced when persons with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. They also may be produced by aero ...
Preventing the spread of disease in the EU_02032010
... heart disease". The last 40 years have shown that this optimism was misplaced; infectious diseases are a continuing and significant burden on the health and prosperity of the global community, not only in the developing world, but also in developed world areas such as the European Union (EU). Across ...
... heart disease". The last 40 years have shown that this optimism was misplaced; infectious diseases are a continuing and significant burden on the health and prosperity of the global community, not only in the developing world, but also in developed world areas such as the European Union (EU). Across ...
¥ Red Eye A4 brochure12.7.07-B
... After taking a proper medical history (good anamnesis is half diagnosis!), the first and the most important task is to find out if the patient's visual acuity is disturbed (decreased by the red eye) or not. In some countries, GPs renew driving licenses, waterman ship certificates, firearms licenses ...
... After taking a proper medical history (good anamnesis is half diagnosis!), the first and the most important task is to find out if the patient's visual acuity is disturbed (decreased by the red eye) or not. In some countries, GPs renew driving licenses, waterman ship certificates, firearms licenses ...
Guidelines on interferon‐γ release assays for tuberculosis infection
... a recent meta-analysis of studies in low-income and middleincome countries assessing the use of IGRAs in active TB, the pooled sensitivity in HIV-infected patients was 76% for the T-SPOT.TB assay and 60% for the QFT-GIT. This compared with 83% for T-SPOT.TB and 69% for QFT-GIT in non-HIV-infected pa ...
... a recent meta-analysis of studies in low-income and middleincome countries assessing the use of IGRAs in active TB, the pooled sensitivity in HIV-infected patients was 76% for the T-SPOT.TB assay and 60% for the QFT-GIT. This compared with 83% for T-SPOT.TB and 69% for QFT-GIT in non-HIV-infected pa ...
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF UKRAINE STATE
... of spongiform encephalopathyth cattle. Animals not fed animal origin, manufactured from internal organs and tissues of ruminant animals. 1.3. Selection for shipment to Ukraine animals should be a representative of the State Veterinary Service Medicine of Ukraine. 1.4. Selected for sending to Ukraine ...
... of spongiform encephalopathyth cattle. Animals not fed animal origin, manufactured from internal organs and tissues of ruminant animals. 1.3. Selection for shipment to Ukraine animals should be a representative of the State Veterinary Service Medicine of Ukraine. 1.4. Selected for sending to Ukraine ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Management of
... spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughing from 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and continue to be infectious for a further 3-5 ...
... spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughing from 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and continue to be infectious for a further 3-5 ...
Importance of doing nail biopsy - personal experience and literature
... For years, nail biopsy has been shunned as a difficult and scarring procedure, which is seldom required in day-to-day practice. Only a few studies with a limited number of patients have been carried out to assess its utility in dermatology. In one study 270 patients with nail disorders (both infecti ...
... For years, nail biopsy has been shunned as a difficult and scarring procedure, which is seldom required in day-to-day practice. Only a few studies with a limited number of patients have been carried out to assess its utility in dermatology. In one study 270 patients with nail disorders (both infecti ...
Review on Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis
... illnesses that represent secondary syphilis. It is characterized by skin rash, diffuse lymphadenopathy, alopecia and systemic symptoms of fever, weight loss, headache, malaise and myalgia. It is not uncommon for a patient to present with both chancre and systemic illness especially in HIV infected p ...
... illnesses that represent secondary syphilis. It is characterized by skin rash, diffuse lymphadenopathy, alopecia and systemic symptoms of fever, weight loss, headache, malaise and myalgia. It is not uncommon for a patient to present with both chancre and systemic illness especially in HIV infected p ...
On the dynamics of infectious diseases in non
... process allows us to measure the interaction among the variables included in the model. The description of theses interaction help us not only to understand some of the underlying mechanisms which dictate the spread of a disease, but in many cases, pointing to more effective control strategies. Dete ...
... process allows us to measure the interaction among the variables included in the model. The description of theses interaction help us not only to understand some of the underlying mechanisms which dictate the spread of a disease, but in many cases, pointing to more effective control strategies. Dete ...
bledsoe_pcpp4_ch10_lecture - McLaren
... infectious agent, host cannot transmit agent to someone else. – Communicable period: host may exhibit signs of clinical disease; can transmit infectious agent to another host. – Incubation period: time between exposure and presentation. ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Paramedic Care: Principles & Prac ...
... infectious agent, host cannot transmit agent to someone else. – Communicable period: host may exhibit signs of clinical disease; can transmit infectious agent to another host. – Incubation period: time between exposure and presentation. ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Paramedic Care: Principles & Prac ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.