Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... positioning of neurons, establishment of axon–dendrite polarity, and formation of proper neuronal connectivity. Deficits in any of these processes greatly impair neural functions and are associated with various human neurodevelopmental disorders including microcephaly, cortical heterotopias, and aut ...
... positioning of neurons, establishment of axon–dendrite polarity, and formation of proper neuronal connectivity. Deficits in any of these processes greatly impair neural functions and are associated with various human neurodevelopmental disorders including microcephaly, cortical heterotopias, and aut ...
Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial
... also examined for the presence of single- and double-labeled cells and comparisons were made with the MR. The main findings were: (1) pronounced numbers of retrogradely labeled cells (approximately 50 cells/section) were present in MR with injections in the MS or in various regions of the hippocampu ...
... also examined for the presence of single- and double-labeled cells and comparisons were made with the MR. The main findings were: (1) pronounced numbers of retrogradely labeled cells (approximately 50 cells/section) were present in MR with injections in the MS or in various regions of the hippocampu ...
S - 7473-2390-3942 Accountability in United States
... Pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex are also slightly reduced in either gender; in particular the density of the dendritic spines of the apical as well as basal dendrites. The results in male infants only demonstrate slightly higher decrease in the length of basal dendrites of the same neurons. ...
... Pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex are also slightly reduced in either gender; in particular the density of the dendritic spines of the apical as well as basal dendrites. The results in male infants only demonstrate slightly higher decrease in the length of basal dendrites of the same neurons. ...
Transcription Factor Expression and Notch
... C, Phase-contrast pictures of single neurosphere-like cell aggregates derived from the adult lateral parenchyma ( B) and from the E13.5 embryonic spinal cord ( C). D–K, Immunofluorescence pictures showing the expression of Pax6 (D, H ), Nkx2.2 (E, I ), Ngn2 (F, J ), HB9 ( G), and Olig2 ( K) in cultu ...
... C, Phase-contrast pictures of single neurosphere-like cell aggregates derived from the adult lateral parenchyma ( B) and from the E13.5 embryonic spinal cord ( C). D–K, Immunofluorescence pictures showing the expression of Pax6 (D, H ), Nkx2.2 (E, I ), Ngn2 (F, J ), HB9 ( G), and Olig2 ( K) in cultu ...
Neurobilogy of Sleep
... serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), and histamine (HA). • Neurons are often characterized with respect to sleep by when they are most active. Some neurons are active during wake, during rapid eye movement (REM) only (REM-on), during REM and wake (wake/REM-on), during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) only ( ...
... serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), and histamine (HA). • Neurons are often characterized with respect to sleep by when they are most active. Some neurons are active during wake, during rapid eye movement (REM) only (REM-on), during REM and wake (wake/REM-on), during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) only ( ...
Life and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
... neuron loss that would structurally compromise the key hippocampal circuits mediating memory, there are decrements in functions that are reliant on these circuits. Numerous behavioral tasks that are demonstrated to be specific for hippocampal function have revealed a memory defect associated with ag ...
... neuron loss that would structurally compromise the key hippocampal circuits mediating memory, there are decrements in functions that are reliant on these circuits. Numerous behavioral tasks that are demonstrated to be specific for hippocampal function have revealed a memory defect associated with ag ...
Connectivity and circuitry in a dish versus in a brain
... permitting intercellular signaling are progressively changing during early network formation as well as during differentiation of stem cells into neurons. Indeed, the developmental stage of neurons can be assessed electrophysiologically by measuring their passive and active membrane properties as we ...
... permitting intercellular signaling are progressively changing during early network formation as well as during differentiation of stem cells into neurons. Indeed, the developmental stage of neurons can be assessed electrophysiologically by measuring their passive and active membrane properties as we ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... boundaries of the CC, and in the adult to the rostrum of the CC close to the septum pellucidum or to the indusium griseum. Although origin and function of transient CC neurons in development and in adulthood remain unknown, they are likely to be interstitial neurons. Some of them have well-developed ...
... boundaries of the CC, and in the adult to the rostrum of the CC close to the septum pellucidum or to the indusium griseum. Although origin and function of transient CC neurons in development and in adulthood remain unknown, they are likely to be interstitial neurons. Some of them have well-developed ...
cp_kellermann_launay_17092010
... However, expression of this transporter is reduced to zero by miR-16 in so-called "noradrenaline" neurons, another neurotransmitter involved in attention, emotions, sleep, dreaming and learning. ...
... However, expression of this transporter is reduced to zero by miR-16 in so-called "noradrenaline" neurons, another neurotransmitter involved in attention, emotions, sleep, dreaming and learning. ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... section and one rat to another, the columns were localized as reproducibly as possible with the aid of low-magnification drawings of each section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and D ...
... section and one rat to another, the columns were localized as reproducibly as possible with the aid of low-magnification drawings of each section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and D ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
BAOJ Neurology
... cortex make direct connections with the CA1 region. Hippocampal development has been studied since a long time using 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Joseph Altman and Shirley Bayer have done some pioneering studies related to the development of the hippocampus from the embryonic period all the way to ...
... cortex make direct connections with the CA1 region. Hippocampal development has been studied since a long time using 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Joseph Altman and Shirley Bayer have done some pioneering studies related to the development of the hippocampus from the embryonic period all the way to ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... to expand their pool of neural precursors and later increasing numbers of cells switch to asymmetric neurogenic division at the onset of neurogenesis in the neural tube. The NEP cells that undergo asymmetric division contribute to neurogenesis and transform themselves into radial glial cell, which i ...
... to expand their pool of neural precursors and later increasing numbers of cells switch to asymmetric neurogenic division at the onset of neurogenesis in the neural tube. The NEP cells that undergo asymmetric division contribute to neurogenesis and transform themselves into radial glial cell, which i ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... cortex. It is characterized by a superficial layer of moderately packed medium sized cells. The presubiculum (PrS) lies next to the parasubiculum. It is characterized by a superficial lamina of densely packed small cells. The superficial layers of both the parasubiculum and presubiculum overlie a d ...
... cortex. It is characterized by a superficial layer of moderately packed medium sized cells. The presubiculum (PrS) lies next to the parasubiculum. It is characterized by a superficial lamina of densely packed small cells. The superficial layers of both the parasubiculum and presubiculum overlie a d ...
From the Eye to the Brain: Development of the Drosophila
... 1. INTRODUCTION The mammalian brain is composed of a very large number of cells belonging to many different cell types, a complexity that poses serious challenges (Kandel, Schwartz, & Jessell, 2000). Our current understanding of the development of neural circuits underlying the computation of differ ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION The mammalian brain is composed of a very large number of cells belonging to many different cell types, a complexity that poses serious challenges (Kandel, Schwartz, & Jessell, 2000). Our current understanding of the development of neural circuits underlying the computation of differ ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... area diversity in the adult neocortex. The relative uniformity of the early neocortex compared with its adult form suggests that many of the area-specific features characteristic of the adult are not predetermined within the neuroepithelium. The neocortical neuroepithelium may generate a 'protocorte ...
... area diversity in the adult neocortex. The relative uniformity of the early neocortex compared with its adult form suggests that many of the area-specific features characteristic of the adult are not predetermined within the neuroepithelium. The neocortical neuroepithelium may generate a 'protocorte ...
Synaptic Neurotransmission and the Anatomically Addressed
... of psychiatric medicines, one must be fluent in the language and principles of chemical neurotransmission. The importance of this fact cannot be overstated for the student of psychopharmacology. What follows in the next two chapters will form the foundation for the entire book and the road map for a ...
... of psychiatric medicines, one must be fluent in the language and principles of chemical neurotransmission. The importance of this fact cannot be overstated for the student of psychopharmacology. What follows in the next two chapters will form the foundation for the entire book and the road map for a ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... The primary prerequisite for optimal survival in adult hosts seems to be a rapid and efficient revascularization from the surroundingtissue. Presumably, the CSFcan act as a sufficient nutrient mediumduring the first few days after grafting, until a new blood supply has been established. This has bee ...
... The primary prerequisite for optimal survival in adult hosts seems to be a rapid and efficient revascularization from the surroundingtissue. Presumably, the CSFcan act as a sufficient nutrient mediumduring the first few days after grafting, until a new blood supply has been established. This has bee ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... and may regulate cerebral cortical size by controlling the generation of neural precursor cells. Mice expressing high levels of a stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors develop enlarged brains with expanded precursor populations, increased cerebral cortical surface area, and folds resem ...
... and may regulate cerebral cortical size by controlling the generation of neural precursor cells. Mice expressing high levels of a stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors develop enlarged brains with expanded precursor populations, increased cerebral cortical surface area, and folds resem ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... 4.10 Images acquisitions and quantifications ............................................... 75 4.11 Statistical analysis.................................................................................. 76 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................... ...
... 4.10 Images acquisitions and quantifications ............................................... 75 4.11 Statistical analysis.................................................................................. 76 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................... ...
[PDF]
... known to regulate dendritic patterning and spine morphogenesis by regulating protein translation at the synapse [11–13]. In addition, brain-specific miR-124 is localized at presynaptic terminal of Aplysia and regulates synaptic plasticity by regulating transcription factor cAMP response element-bindi ...
... known to regulate dendritic patterning and spine morphogenesis by regulating protein translation at the synapse [11–13]. In addition, brain-specific miR-124 is localized at presynaptic terminal of Aplysia and regulates synaptic plasticity by regulating transcription factor cAMP response element-bindi ...
Oxygen Levels Regulate the Development of
... The oxygen (O2) concentration is a vital parameter for controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells. A prenatal reduction of O2 levels (hypoxia) often leads to cognitive and behavioral defects, attributable to altered neural development. In this study, we analyze ...
... The oxygen (O2) concentration is a vital parameter for controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells. A prenatal reduction of O2 levels (hypoxia) often leads to cognitive and behavioral defects, attributable to altered neural development. In this study, we analyze ...
Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to
... characteristic of the ANO2 channels. This phenotype was also observed in the knockdown of ANO2 in CA1 hippocampal neurons, providing further evidence that Ca2+-activated Cl− conductance via ANO2 channels hyperpolarizes the membrane potential in these CNS neurons. The thalamus-specific ANO2 knockdown ...
... characteristic of the ANO2 channels. This phenotype was also observed in the knockdown of ANO2 in CA1 hippocampal neurons, providing further evidence that Ca2+-activated Cl− conductance via ANO2 channels hyperpolarizes the membrane potential in these CNS neurons. The thalamus-specific ANO2 knockdown ...