Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to generate double-labeled cell densities. )H-bead cell density data were used for comparing the efficacy of beads and fluorogold. Ventricular zone ana ...
... completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to generate double-labeled cell densities. )H-bead cell density data were used for comparing the efficacy of beads and fluorogold. Ventricular zone ana ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
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... deficiency diminished the complexity of hippocampal dendritic territories with no further atrophy by stress [32]. Insights into how glucocorticoids and BDNF influence adaptive and maladaptive actions that are relevant to memory formation, stress response and depression [33]. ...
... deficiency diminished the complexity of hippocampal dendritic territories with no further atrophy by stress [32]. Insights into how glucocorticoids and BDNF influence adaptive and maladaptive actions that are relevant to memory formation, stress response and depression [33]. ...
Altered Patterns of Dynorphin lmmunoreactivity Suggest
... neuronsin the hilus, CA 1 and CA3 fields (Margerison and Corsellis, 1966; Meldrum and Corsellis, 1985; Bruton, 1988). Numerous studiesin experimental animals have shown that selective neuronal lossin the hippocampuscan lead to synaptic reorganization of the remaining neurons(seeCotman and Nadler, 19 ...
... neuronsin the hilus, CA 1 and CA3 fields (Margerison and Corsellis, 1966; Meldrum and Corsellis, 1985; Bruton, 1988). Numerous studiesin experimental animals have shown that selective neuronal lossin the hippocampuscan lead to synaptic reorganization of the remaining neurons(seeCotman and Nadler, 19 ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... number of additional aberrant morphological features suggesting that these neurons represent cells that were affected during their initial morphogenesis. Olfactory projection neurons with aberrant morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (7.5% of the neurons examined), in control ...
... number of additional aberrant morphological features suggesting that these neurons represent cells that were affected during their initial morphogenesis. Olfactory projection neurons with aberrant morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (7.5% of the neurons examined), in control ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... indicates that the excitatory drive from central chemoreceptors (RTN) to the CPG can be downregulated by inputs from lung mechanoreceptors. This process may be viewed as a negative feedback that decreases the influence of central chemoreceptors under conditions when breathing is already highly activ ...
... indicates that the excitatory drive from central chemoreceptors (RTN) to the CPG can be downregulated by inputs from lung mechanoreceptors. This process may be viewed as a negative feedback that decreases the influence of central chemoreceptors under conditions when breathing is already highly activ ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
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... (However, it is noteworthy that adolescent and adult rats differ in sensitivity to the acute effect of some other addictive drugs and CNS depressants, which have other pharmacokinetic mechanisms than toluene). Another key factor could be the unique developmental profile of the adolescent brain. The ...
... (However, it is noteworthy that adolescent and adult rats differ in sensitivity to the acute effect of some other addictive drugs and CNS depressants, which have other pharmacokinetic mechanisms than toluene). Another key factor could be the unique developmental profile of the adolescent brain. The ...
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... neural precursors (SNPs) and outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) radial glial progenitors. SNPs maintain their ventricular end-feet but their basal processes are of variable length (Gal et al., 2006) and, unlike RGCs, they generate neurons directly instead of going through an IPC stage (Stancik et al., ...
... neural precursors (SNPs) and outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) radial glial progenitors. SNPs maintain their ventricular end-feet but their basal processes are of variable length (Gal et al., 2006) and, unlike RGCs, they generate neurons directly instead of going through an IPC stage (Stancik et al., ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... monest cell type observed in the pars reticulata. The multipolar neurons are uniformly distributed in both parts of SN. These bipolar, triangular, multipolar and pear-shaped neurons of the guinea pig correspond most probably to the large fusiform (type I), small and medium-sized triangular (type II) ...
... monest cell type observed in the pars reticulata. The multipolar neurons are uniformly distributed in both parts of SN. These bipolar, triangular, multipolar and pear-shaped neurons of the guinea pig correspond most probably to the large fusiform (type I), small and medium-sized triangular (type II) ...
Cuneiform Neurons Activated during
... these cholinergic cells, which are not part of the Cun nucleus, did not contain detectable amounts of the Fos protein. Maloney et al. (1999) have described a 22% increase in the number of Fos ⫹ cholinergic neurons of the LDT–PPT under conditions of AS recovery in rats. However, within the lateral PP ...
... these cholinergic cells, which are not part of the Cun nucleus, did not contain detectable amounts of the Fos protein. Maloney et al. (1999) have described a 22% increase in the number of Fos ⫹ cholinergic neurons of the LDT–PPT under conditions of AS recovery in rats. However, within the lateral PP ...
Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the
... hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal – HPA axis) and cardiovascular changes, which, per se, do not produce pathological changes. It is only when a prolonged and sustained stimulation exceeds the body capacity to maintain homeostasis that stress can have psychopathological sequelae. Indeed, consequences of ...
... hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal – HPA axis) and cardiovascular changes, which, per se, do not produce pathological changes. It is only when a prolonged and sustained stimulation exceeds the body capacity to maintain homeostasis that stress can have psychopathological sequelae. Indeed, consequences of ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... using enhancer-trap technology. These methods represent a valuable source of type-specific neuronal markers that provide anatomical details of cellular phenotype not afforded by conventional histological techniques (Bier et al., 1989; Bellen et al., 1989). The genetic basis of enhancer-trap techniqu ...
... using enhancer-trap technology. These methods represent a valuable source of type-specific neuronal markers that provide anatomical details of cellular phenotype not afforded by conventional histological techniques (Bier et al., 1989; Bellen et al., 1989). The genetic basis of enhancer-trap techniqu ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... day (E) 11.5 to E17.5 in the mouse18–20, and postmitotic neurons position themselves in the developing neocortex through defined modes of radial and tangential migration6,21–23. The earliest born neurons appear around E10.5 in the mouse and form a layered structure termed the preplate, which is late ...
... day (E) 11.5 to E17.5 in the mouse18–20, and postmitotic neurons position themselves in the developing neocortex through defined modes of radial and tangential migration6,21–23. The earliest born neurons appear around E10.5 in the mouse and form a layered structure termed the preplate, which is late ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... copy of the truncated gene does not support normal development of the neocortex and hippocampus. The CA1 region of the hippocampus is split into two well-organized layers, while the marginal zone of the neocortex is invaded by late-born cortical plate neurons. The haploinsufficiency INTRODUCTION Dur ...
... copy of the truncated gene does not support normal development of the neocortex and hippocampus. The CA1 region of the hippocampus is split into two well-organized layers, while the marginal zone of the neocortex is invaded by late-born cortical plate neurons. The haploinsufficiency INTRODUCTION Dur ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... Neurons were distinguished from glial and endothelial cells using the criteria described by Heumann and Leuba (1983) (see Fig. 1). Quantification of proportions and radial distributions of different categories of labeled neurons. Numbers of neurons showing heav y (FG neurons, .50% maximum labeling) ...
... Neurons were distinguished from glial and endothelial cells using the criteria described by Heumann and Leuba (1983) (see Fig. 1). Quantification of proportions and radial distributions of different categories of labeled neurons. Numbers of neurons showing heav y (FG neurons, .50% maximum labeling) ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... any muscarinic receptor immunoreactivity. Immunological specificity was also demonstrated by inhibition of staining after preadsorption of the antibodies with the i3 loop fusion proteins derived from each subtype. Further descriptions of ml-m4 immunoreactivities refer to specific staining that was n ...
... any muscarinic receptor immunoreactivity. Immunological specificity was also demonstrated by inhibition of staining after preadsorption of the antibodies with the i3 loop fusion proteins derived from each subtype. Further descriptions of ml-m4 immunoreactivities refer to specific staining that was n ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... Running head: Environmental enrichment and hippocampal plasticity Keywords: Contextual fear learning; action potential threshold; theta-burst stimulation; miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, after-hyperpolarization ...
... Running head: Environmental enrichment and hippocampal plasticity Keywords: Contextual fear learning; action potential threshold; theta-burst stimulation; miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, after-hyperpolarization ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...