Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... Previous work using the retrogradely transported immunotoxin, saporin (SAP) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against dopamine-hhydroxylase (DBH; DSAP), to selectively lesion norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons projecting to the medial hypothalamus, demonstrated the essential role of t ...
... Previous work using the retrogradely transported immunotoxin, saporin (SAP) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against dopamine-hhydroxylase (DBH; DSAP), to selectively lesion norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons projecting to the medial hypothalamus, demonstrated the essential role of t ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... (Oppenheim 1986). Accordingly, we used rat pups in our experiments on VHN and DRG neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et a ...
... (Oppenheim 1986). Accordingly, we used rat pups in our experiments on VHN and DRG neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et a ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
... a. Exercise also promotes → faster →↓ plasma [B] return to normal baseline b. but no effect on negative feedback i. why? Exercise →↓ anxiety and depression, which reduce negative feedback 4. Exercise → ↑ adrenal sensitivity to ACTH 5. Exercise promotes faster mounting and resolution of stress resp ...
... a. Exercise also promotes → faster →↓ plasma [B] return to normal baseline b. but no effect on negative feedback i. why? Exercise →↓ anxiety and depression, which reduce negative feedback 4. Exercise → ↑ adrenal sensitivity to ACTH 5. Exercise promotes faster mounting and resolution of stress resp ...
Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult
... previous observation that > 95% of the GFP-expressing neurons in intrastriatal grafts of the VM taken from the TH-GFP mice are also TH+ (Thompson et al., 2005). The two principal DA neuron types normally present in the SN-VTA region, i.e. the TH+ ⁄ Girk2+ A9 neurons of the SN and the TH+ ⁄ calbindin ...
... previous observation that > 95% of the GFP-expressing neurons in intrastriatal grafts of the VM taken from the TH-GFP mice are also TH+ (Thompson et al., 2005). The two principal DA neuron types normally present in the SN-VTA region, i.e. the TH+ ⁄ Girk2+ A9 neurons of the SN and the TH+ ⁄ calbindin ...
Production of nerve growth factor by
... degenerating neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been previously shown that b-amyloid peptide induces inflammatory-like responses in astrocytes, leading to neuronal pathology. Reactive astrocytes up-regulate nerve growth factor (NGF), which can modulate neuronal survival by signaling through ...
... degenerating neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been previously shown that b-amyloid peptide induces inflammatory-like responses in astrocytes, leading to neuronal pathology. Reactive astrocytes up-regulate nerve growth factor (NGF), which can modulate neuronal survival by signaling through ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... ventricles relative to the hemisphere area (Table 2). In addition, in the CKO brain the corpus callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute ...
... ventricles relative to the hemisphere area (Table 2). In addition, in the CKO brain the corpus callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... across cortical areas (30, 31, 40, 42) and developmental stages (22, 26, 33). Finally, some layer-specific markers can be actively regulated in response to neural activity (51). All of these factors must be carefully controlled when molecular markers are used as probes for laminar identity. In human ...
... across cortical areas (30, 31, 40, 42) and developmental stages (22, 26, 33). Finally, some layer-specific markers can be actively regulated in response to neural activity (51). All of these factors must be carefully controlled when molecular markers are used as probes for laminar identity. In human ...
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... • Bursts have higher signal-to-noise ratio than single spikes. Burst threshold is higher than spike threshold, i.e., generation of bursts requires stronger inputs. • Bursts can be used for selective communication if the postsynaptic cells have subthreshold oscillations of membrane potential. Such ce ...
... • Bursts have higher signal-to-noise ratio than single spikes. Burst threshold is higher than spike threshold, i.e., generation of bursts requires stronger inputs. • Bursts can be used for selective communication if the postsynaptic cells have subthreshold oscillations of membrane potential. Such ce ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... The Cl area of RVL is sensitive to a variety of pharmacological agents, suggesting the richness of the transmitter regulation within the area's functional microcircuitry involved in the control of the circulation. Locally applied to RVL, GABA is a potent sympathoinhibitory agent. 8 ' x - 37 The fact ...
... The Cl area of RVL is sensitive to a variety of pharmacological agents, suggesting the richness of the transmitter regulation within the area's functional microcircuitry involved in the control of the circulation. Locally applied to RVL, GABA is a potent sympathoinhibitory agent. 8 ' x - 37 The fact ...
Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and
... frame. Neurons come together in transient time frames to produce a composite downstream effect, which cannot be achieved by single neurons alone. The most important modus operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; Engel et al., 2001; Fries et al., 2007; Hansel and Sompolinsky, 19 ...
... frame. Neurons come together in transient time frames to produce a composite downstream effect, which cannot be achieved by single neurons alone. The most important modus operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; Engel et al., 2001; Fries et al., 2007; Hansel and Sompolinsky, 19 ...
The subiculum comes of age
... de Felipe has shown anatomically that hypertrophic basket formations may innervate neurons that express normal or increased levels of the Cl importing cotransporter, NKCC1 (Muñoz et al., 2004). However, a subpopulation of neurons does not express NKCC1. Similarly, hypertrophic basket terminals con ...
... de Felipe has shown anatomically that hypertrophic basket formations may innervate neurons that express normal or increased levels of the Cl importing cotransporter, NKCC1 (Muñoz et al., 2004). However, a subpopulation of neurons does not express NKCC1. Similarly, hypertrophic basket terminals con ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... and physiological functions and a major incidence of degenerative diseases. These alterations are the result of an interaction among many factors and one may say that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are ne ...
... and physiological functions and a major incidence of degenerative diseases. These alterations are the result of an interaction among many factors and one may say that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are ne ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... calbindin (the latter is not reported). The additional procedures were initially carried out as part of other studies. We include here results from the PV and AChE processing, since (1) there is an established link between AChE positive fibers and NADPHd+ neurons (Vaucher et al., 1997; Kalinchuk et a ...
... calbindin (the latter is not reported). The additional procedures were initially carried out as part of other studies. We include here results from the PV and AChE processing, since (1) there is an established link between AChE positive fibers and NADPHd+ neurons (Vaucher et al., 1997; Kalinchuk et a ...
Temporal fate specification and neural progenitor competence
... (FIG. 1b). Hb is necessary and sufficient to specify the earliest-born neural identity in multiple neuroblast lineages, including NB7‑1, NB7‑3 and NB3‑1 (REFS 5,7,10,12–15). Although the specific characteristics of the first-born progeny differ between neuroblast lineages, in each case cells specifi ...
... (FIG. 1b). Hb is necessary and sufficient to specify the earliest-born neural identity in multiple neuroblast lineages, including NB7‑1, NB7‑3 and NB3‑1 (REFS 5,7,10,12–15). Although the specific characteristics of the first-born progeny differ between neuroblast lineages, in each case cells specifi ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on audito ...
... and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on audito ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... somata and dendrites. This contrasts with the cortex, where CCK and CR are usually not co-localized [34]. A recent study classifies interneurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) based on a combination of electrophysiological and single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...
... somata and dendrites. This contrasts with the cortex, where CCK and CR are usually not co-localized [34]. A recent study classifies interneurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) based on a combination of electrophysiological and single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...
Wnt Signaling Mutants Have Decreased Dentate Granule Cell
... way, Lef1 and LRP6 should be in the same signaling pathway, and precursor cells in the proliferative tertiary matrix (Amaral, 1978; compound mutants would be useful to better understand the in Altman and Bayer, 1990). Reelin labels Cajal–Retzius cells, and vivo function of Wnt signaling in dentate g ...
... way, Lef1 and LRP6 should be in the same signaling pathway, and precursor cells in the proliferative tertiary matrix (Amaral, 1978; compound mutants would be useful to better understand the in Altman and Bayer, 1990). Reelin labels Cajal–Retzius cells, and vivo function of Wnt signaling in dentate g ...
Loss of IP receptor function in neuropeptide Drosophila
... adult itpr mutants suggested a role for IP3 mediated calcium signaling in modulating ILP release and secretion. However, significant differences were observed between the phenotypes of itpr mutant animals rescued by expression of an itpr+ cDNA as compared with rescue by over-expression of Drosophila ...
... adult itpr mutants suggested a role for IP3 mediated calcium signaling in modulating ILP release and secretion. However, significant differences were observed between the phenotypes of itpr mutant animals rescued by expression of an itpr+ cDNA as compared with rescue by over-expression of Drosophila ...
Electrical Synapses between Dopaminergic Neurons of the
... an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional communication between DA neurons remains to be clarified. Furthermore ...
... an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional communication between DA neurons remains to be clarified. Furthermore ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with respect to body wt, body length and general brain size (de ...
... similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with respect to body wt, body length and general brain size (de ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, as is evident on the nonpyramidal CA 1 neuron in Figure 4B. Howev ...
... was visible on the membrane surface of individual neurons. Cytoplasmic labeling appeared light (Fig. 4A). In some instances, the staining along the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites was periodic or punctate in appearance, as is evident on the nonpyramidal CA 1 neuron in Figure 4B. Howev ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... to reduce the extracellular oscillation (Fig. 2c). However, in contrast to 40-Hz oscillations induced by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the CA1 area7, cholinergically induced oscillations require ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors. In both CA3 and CA1 the oscillatory activity was completel ...
... to reduce the extracellular oscillation (Fig. 2c). However, in contrast to 40-Hz oscillations induced by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the CA1 area7, cholinergically induced oscillations require ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors. In both CA3 and CA1 the oscillatory activity was completel ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
... olfactory tubercle. Understanding how the neurons in this region communicate is vital to understanding how the olfactory tubercle may contribute to drug dependence in individuals. Olfaction begins with the sensory neurons located in the olfactory epithelium. The axons of those sensory neurons send i ...
... olfactory tubercle. Understanding how the neurons in this region communicate is vital to understanding how the olfactory tubercle may contribute to drug dependence in individuals. Olfaction begins with the sensory neurons located in the olfactory epithelium. The axons of those sensory neurons send i ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... likely represent different progenitor states along a developmental time line rather than separate fate-restricted lineages. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo lineage tracing experiments have shown that the vast majority of neocortical progenitor cells either generate neurons or glia [2]. This heteroge ...
... likely represent different progenitor states along a developmental time line rather than separate fate-restricted lineages. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo lineage tracing experiments have shown that the vast majority of neocortical progenitor cells either generate neurons or glia [2]. This heteroge ...