To understand the dynamic interactions of multiple neuroimmune
... Social behavioral deficit Other disorders ...
... Social behavioral deficit Other disorders ...
– Necrosis Brain, Neuron 1
... relatively normal neuron, and the arrowhead identifies a pyknotic nucleus amid associated vacuolation of the neuropil. Figure 2 Necrotic neurons as depicted by the Fluoro-Jade technique, in a Wistar rat from a subchronic study. The blue arrow identifies a necrotic neuron, and the white arrow locates ...
... relatively normal neuron, and the arrowhead identifies a pyknotic nucleus amid associated vacuolation of the neuropil. Figure 2 Necrotic neurons as depicted by the Fluoro-Jade technique, in a Wistar rat from a subchronic study. The blue arrow identifies a necrotic neuron, and the white arrow locates ...
APPLICATION FOR MRC STUDENTSHIPS TO COMMENCE 2009
... of Nolz1 expressing VTA neurons is unclear. We recently received ES cell lines with targeted mutations in Nolz1. We will generate mouse lines that will allow is to study “early” and “late” roles of Nolz1 in VTA neurons. In addition, we will use embryonic stem (ES) cell derived mDA neurons to analyse ...
... of Nolz1 expressing VTA neurons is unclear. We recently received ES cell lines with targeted mutations in Nolz1. We will generate mouse lines that will allow is to study “early” and “late” roles of Nolz1 in VTA neurons. In addition, we will use embryonic stem (ES) cell derived mDA neurons to analyse ...
PDF - The Gould Lab
... the other version, trace eyeblink conditioning is rendered hippocampal independent by first training rats with a delay arrangement (Beylin et al., 2001). Using these procedures, we found that training on the very long delay task was as effective as the trace task at increasing the number of new neur ...
... the other version, trace eyeblink conditioning is rendered hippocampal independent by first training rats with a delay arrangement (Beylin et al., 2001). Using these procedures, we found that training on the very long delay task was as effective as the trace task at increasing the number of new neur ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... more new neurons are produced in the fall, resulting in a larger hippocampus with increased spatial information-processing capacity. Their results differ from those of Barnea and Nottebohm (1994), who found no overall seasonal change in hippocampal neuron number. These differing results have importa ...
... more new neurons are produced in the fall, resulting in a larger hippocampus with increased spatial information-processing capacity. Their results differ from those of Barnea and Nottebohm (1994), who found no overall seasonal change in hippocampal neuron number. These differing results have importa ...
Neurobiology
... Synapses can be either chemical or electrical. An electrical synapse is what is often called a “gap junction,” in which the membranes of two neurons are continuous at tiny spots, making the cells electrically contiguous. Gap junctions, which are not unique to neurons, allow for even more rapid commu ...
... Synapses can be either chemical or electrical. An electrical synapse is what is often called a “gap junction,” in which the membranes of two neurons are continuous at tiny spots, making the cells electrically contiguous. Gap junctions, which are not unique to neurons, allow for even more rapid commu ...
Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure
... they are interconnected to distant neuronal populations; and on properties of non-neuronal cells, such as glia. Neuroimaging evidence, reviewed below, shows both differences in structural features among individuals and the relevant functions that these structures subserve, and changes in structural ...
... they are interconnected to distant neuronal populations; and on properties of non-neuronal cells, such as glia. Neuroimaging evidence, reviewed below, shows both differences in structural features among individuals and the relevant functions that these structures subserve, and changes in structural ...
Orexin-A excites rat lateral vestibular nucleus neurons and improves
... lateral hypothalamic area and perifornical area. Lack of orexin neurons causes narcolepsy-cataplexy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, premature transitions to REM sleep, and sudden skeletal muscle weakness without impairment of consciousness. However, most studies so far on th ...
... lateral hypothalamic area and perifornical area. Lack of orexin neurons causes narcolepsy-cataplexy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, premature transitions to REM sleep, and sudden skeletal muscle weakness without impairment of consciousness. However, most studies so far on th ...
Coding and learning of behavioral sequences
... towards an interesting and very simple cellular mechanism that could allow learning of sequences of locations with some invariance in the speed of movement using a fixed learning rule on the millisecond timescale. The first crucial discovery was when O’Keefe and colleagues found neurons responding o ...
... towards an interesting and very simple cellular mechanism that could allow learning of sequences of locations with some invariance in the speed of movement using a fixed learning rule on the millisecond timescale. The first crucial discovery was when O’Keefe and colleagues found neurons responding o ...
Regulation of Astrocyte Plasticity
... average, smaller than the pre-existing synapse population. The increase in synapse number was maintained, drifting slowly, but not statistically, upward across the remainder of training. As training progressed, the average size of synapses again increased, possibly suggesting that the new synapses w ...
... average, smaller than the pre-existing synapse population. The increase in synapse number was maintained, drifting slowly, but not statistically, upward across the remainder of training. As training progressed, the average size of synapses again increased, possibly suggesting that the new synapses w ...
Neurons` Short-Term Plasticity Amplifies Signals
... understanding the most basic level of this process: the short-term plasticity at hippocampal synapses that result from processing incoming signals resembling place-field responses. The researchers, Vitaly Klyachko and Charles Stevens, discovered a novel short-term plasticity mechanism by which excita ...
... understanding the most basic level of this process: the short-term plasticity at hippocampal synapses that result from processing incoming signals resembling place-field responses. The researchers, Vitaly Klyachko and Charles Stevens, discovered a novel short-term plasticity mechanism by which excita ...
07.Discussion
... via corepressors N-CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor), mSin3 or SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors) (Gelmetti et al., 1998; Lutterbach et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1998). Moreover, ETO itself acts also as a corepressor recruited by promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger pr ...
... via corepressors N-CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor), mSin3 or SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors) (Gelmetti et al., 1998; Lutterbach et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1998). Moreover, ETO itself acts also as a corepressor recruited by promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger pr ...
The seasonal hippocampus of food-storing birds.
... same manipulations of daylength are sufficient to induce moult and to bring males and females into breeding condition. These results raise a number of questions about seasonal plasticity in the hippocampus of food-storing birds that we attempted to answer using a combination of behavioural and neuroa ...
... same manipulations of daylength are sufficient to induce moult and to bring males and females into breeding condition. These results raise a number of questions about seasonal plasticity in the hippocampus of food-storing birds that we attempted to answer using a combination of behavioural and neuroa ...
Results Introduction! Conclusions!
... real counterparts in terms of their shape, size, and genetic expression levels. Furthermore, it is interesting to explore differences between IPSC cell lines because expression levels are different between the lines. It is important to note the changes that occur in expression levels between control ...
... real counterparts in terms of their shape, size, and genetic expression levels. Furthermore, it is interesting to explore differences between IPSC cell lines because expression levels are different between the lines. It is important to note the changes that occur in expression levels between control ...
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... Cell Types and Architecture of the Adult Mouse SVZ The SVZ of adult rodents comprises four main cell types (fig. 3A): neuroblasts (also called type A cells, red), SVZ astrocytes (type B cells, blue), transit amplifying cells (type C cells, green), and ependymal cells which line the walls of the vent ...
... Cell Types and Architecture of the Adult Mouse SVZ The SVZ of adult rodents comprises four main cell types (fig. 3A): neuroblasts (also called type A cells, red), SVZ astrocytes (type B cells, blue), transit amplifying cells (type C cells, green), and ependymal cells which line the walls of the vent ...
PLoS ONE-3
... [5]. Taken together, the findings suggest that ionizing radiation may be an environmental trigger that can actualize a predisposition to schizophrenia or indeed cause schizophrenia-like disorders [5]. In both pediatric and adult patients, cranial radiation therapy causes debilitating cognitive defic ...
... [5]. Taken together, the findings suggest that ionizing radiation may be an environmental trigger that can actualize a predisposition to schizophrenia or indeed cause schizophrenia-like disorders [5]. In both pediatric and adult patients, cranial radiation therapy causes debilitating cognitive defic ...
PDF
... Cortical progenitors undergo progressive fate restriction, thereby sequentially producing the different layers of the neocortex. However, how these progenitors precisely change their fate remains highly debatable. We have previously shown the existence of cortical feedback mechanisms wherein postmit ...
... Cortical progenitors undergo progressive fate restriction, thereby sequentially producing the different layers of the neocortex. However, how these progenitors precisely change their fate remains highly debatable. We have previously shown the existence of cortical feedback mechanisms wherein postmit ...
BOX 43.1 THE OPTICAL FRACTIONATOR STEREOLOGICAL
... The figure shows the key features of a stereological technique designed to provide accurate and efficient estimates of total neuron number in a brain region of interest. The hippocampal formation is used as an example. The method consists of counting the number of neurons in a known and representati ...
... The figure shows the key features of a stereological technique designed to provide accurate and efficient estimates of total neuron number in a brain region of interest. The hippocampal formation is used as an example. The method consists of counting the number of neurons in a known and representati ...
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... (Akiskal et al., 1983). More recent theoretical focus has largely been on biological factors, including a wealth of information supporting stress as a causal factor in depression, largely concerning chronic stress-related HPA dysregulation and toxicity from excessive glucocorticoid release (Lupien e ...
... (Akiskal et al., 1983). More recent theoretical focus has largely been on biological factors, including a wealth of information supporting stress as a causal factor in depression, largely concerning chronic stress-related HPA dysregulation and toxicity from excessive glucocorticoid release (Lupien e ...
Neural stem cells - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... and (ii) cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from our group and others on NSCs, with respect to their role in insult-induced neurogenesis (activation of adult NSCs, proliferation of transit-amplifying cells, migration of neuroblasts and survival and maturat ...
... and (ii) cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from our group and others on NSCs, with respect to their role in insult-induced neurogenesis (activation of adult NSCs, proliferation of transit-amplifying cells, migration of neuroblasts and survival and maturat ...
Chapter 17
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
Neurons from radial glia: the consequences of asymmetric inheritance
... cell divisions in the cortex suggest that the plane of cell division during neurogenesis cannot be neatly divided into horizontal or vertical cell divisions [26,52]. Despite this, one might predict that the more basal cell in an asymmetric division is more likely to inherit the radial ®bre, whereas ...
... cell divisions in the cortex suggest that the plane of cell division during neurogenesis cannot be neatly divided into horizontal or vertical cell divisions [26,52]. Despite this, one might predict that the more basal cell in an asymmetric division is more likely to inherit the radial ®bre, whereas ...
Adult Neural Stem Cells and Repair of the Adult
... neurons are not replaced in the adult CNS (10,11). Active neurogenesis is found to be restricted to two specific regions in the adult CNS (6–9), namely the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Mostly glia cells, but not neurons, are genera ...
... neurons are not replaced in the adult CNS (10,11). Active neurogenesis is found to be restricted to two specific regions in the adult CNS (6–9), namely the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Mostly glia cells, but not neurons, are genera ...
Endogenous Stem Cells in the Adult Murine Spinal Cord
... neurons and glia. These cells have be isolated from all regions of the neuroaxis in the adult central nervous system, suggesting that these endogenous NSC could be utilized for replacement of degenerated neurons. However, new neurons appear to be born in vivo in only a select few germinal regions of ...
... neurons and glia. These cells have be isolated from all regions of the neuroaxis in the adult central nervous system, suggesting that these endogenous NSC could be utilized for replacement of degenerated neurons. However, new neurons appear to be born in vivo in only a select few germinal regions of ...