Evolutionary Origin of Recombination during Meiosis
... exogenous DNA from the surrounding medium followed by integration—was probably the ancestral function. In the next section, we present evidence that RecA orthologs have a central role in meiotic recombination. Recombinational repair is not limited to transformation in bacteria or meiosis in eukaryot ...
... exogenous DNA from the surrounding medium followed by integration—was probably the ancestral function. In the next section, we present evidence that RecA orthologs have a central role in meiotic recombination. Recombinational repair is not limited to transformation in bacteria or meiosis in eukaryot ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... The ability of genomic information to flow successfully between prokaryotes is not solely because of their propensity to coexist within highly heterogenic multi-species communities or the separation of their individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is ...
... The ability of genomic information to flow successfully between prokaryotes is not solely because of their propensity to coexist within highly heterogenic multi-species communities or the separation of their individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... The ability of genomic information to flow successfully between prokaryotes is not solely because of their propensity to coexist within highly heterogenic multi-species communities or the separation of their individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is ...
... The ability of genomic information to flow successfully between prokaryotes is not solely because of their propensity to coexist within highly heterogenic multi-species communities or the separation of their individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is ...
Sex Chromosomal Transposable Element Accumulation
... gene necessary for testis development (Whitfield, Lovell-Badge, and Goodfellow 1993). The acquisition by the Y chromosome of the sex-determining function early in mammalian evolution is likely to have been associated with the suppression of recombination between large regions of the X and Y chromoso ...
... gene necessary for testis development (Whitfield, Lovell-Badge, and Goodfellow 1993). The acquisition by the Y chromosome of the sex-determining function early in mammalian evolution is likely to have been associated with the suppression of recombination between large regions of the X and Y chromoso ...
Origin of eukaryotes-Protista 157-194 incl Charts
... unicellular flagellates are photosynthetic. The “eukaryotic portions” of their cells ally them with ciliates. They have different and unique flagellation patterns (in one type, the flagellum is ribbon-like). The photosynthetic representatives vary in pigmentation, so they may have obtained their pho ...
... unicellular flagellates are photosynthetic. The “eukaryotic portions” of their cells ally them with ciliates. They have different and unique flagellation patterns (in one type, the flagellum is ribbon-like). The photosynthetic representatives vary in pigmentation, so they may have obtained their pho ...
Natural selection and the function of genome imprinting:
... Imprinting and ‘other’ parental origin effects: do they have anything in common? The observation that parental origin effects occur in a wide variety of organisms (Table 1) cannot be used as an argument that parental origin effects, per se, have been selected to serve some purpose because the genera ...
... Imprinting and ‘other’ parental origin effects: do they have anything in common? The observation that parental origin effects occur in a wide variety of organisms (Table 1) cannot be used as an argument that parental origin effects, per se, have been selected to serve some purpose because the genera ...
Cloning of genes from genomic DNA: Part 3
... Before we can begin the restriction enzyme digests, we need to “clean up” our PCR products. As they are now, the PCR reaction contains the PCR buffer (which is not correct for the enzymes) and lots of unused oligonucleotide primer (which may interfere with our reaction). We will use a DNA purificati ...
... Before we can begin the restriction enzyme digests, we need to “clean up” our PCR products. As they are now, the PCR reaction contains the PCR buffer (which is not correct for the enzymes) and lots of unused oligonucleotide primer (which may interfere with our reaction). We will use a DNA purificati ...
Mei-S332, a Drosophila Protein Required for Sister
... segregate; thus, the sister chromatids must remain associated throughout meiosis I until their segregation in anaphase II. Cytologically, it has been observed that during prophase I the sister chromatids are associated along their length, but at the metaphase I-anaphase I transition, cohesion on the ...
... segregate; thus, the sister chromatids must remain associated throughout meiosis I until their segregation in anaphase II. Cytologically, it has been observed that during prophase I the sister chromatids are associated along their length, but at the metaphase I-anaphase I transition, cohesion on the ...
Introduction and Preliminaries - Department of Computer and
... Human genome: about 100,000 proteins, with each protein a few hundred amino acids long Bacteria make 500-1500 proteins Made by genes (fragments of DNA) that are roughly three times longer than the corresponding proteins. Why? Every 3 nucleotides in the DNA alphabet code one letter in the pro ...
... Human genome: about 100,000 proteins, with each protein a few hundred amino acids long Bacteria make 500-1500 proteins Made by genes (fragments of DNA) that are roughly three times longer than the corresponding proteins. Why? Every 3 nucleotides in the DNA alphabet code one letter in the pro ...
Sperm Cell in ART
... of the infertile patients who had a F1 below 50% had a ratio outside this range (Khara et al., 1997). Carrel and Liu (2001) describe the undetectable protamine 2 in infertile males. ...
... of the infertile patients who had a F1 below 50% had a ratio outside this range (Khara et al., 1997). Carrel and Liu (2001) describe the undetectable protamine 2 in infertile males. ...
model for Escherichia coli chromosome packaging supports
... Even the simplest organisms need to physically organize their chromosomes. Bacterial chromosomes form a compact DNA–protein complex called the nucleoid (1,2) ...
... Even the simplest organisms need to physically organize their chromosomes. Bacterial chromosomes form a compact DNA–protein complex called the nucleoid (1,2) ...
E.Publication
... period of time. They discovered patterns in the way that traits are passed down in a species from one generation to the next. And they learned how species change over time, trait by trait, in a process called evolution. Slowly, scientists began to unravel the mystery of genetics. Today, powerful com ...
... period of time. They discovered patterns in the way that traits are passed down in a species from one generation to the next. And they learned how species change over time, trait by trait, in a process called evolution. Slowly, scientists began to unravel the mystery of genetics. Today, powerful com ...
Additional file 4 - Springer Static Content Server
... fetal demise. [49,50,51] FISH and karyotyping readily distinguish these categories in single cells by analyzing intact nuclei or associated metaphase chromosomes. A mosaic tetraploid cell line or conceptus with diploid and tetraploid karyotypes would result in the same polymorphic ratios for both ce ...
... fetal demise. [49,50,51] FISH and karyotyping readily distinguish these categories in single cells by analyzing intact nuclei or associated metaphase chromosomes. A mosaic tetraploid cell line or conceptus with diploid and tetraploid karyotypes would result in the same polymorphic ratios for both ce ...
1 Biological information flow
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ~15% of total RNA, 73-95 nucleotides long, carry activated amino acids to ribosomes during translation (Small RNA) - may have catalytic activity and/or associate with proteins to enhance activity, some involved with RNA processing (includes snRNA and microRNA, the latter involv ...
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ~15% of total RNA, 73-95 nucleotides long, carry activated amino acids to ribosomes during translation (Small RNA) - may have catalytic activity and/or associate with proteins to enhance activity, some involved with RNA processing (includes snRNA and microRNA, the latter involv ...
Automated Constraint-Based Nucleotide Sequence Selection for
... general nucleotide selection problem and have produced the program scan to assist in the selection process. Constraint-based selection is quite different from some previous work on automated sequence selection (Deaton et al. 1996). Other nucleotide selection efforts have been directed at ensuring th ...
... general nucleotide selection problem and have produced the program scan to assist in the selection process. Constraint-based selection is quite different from some previous work on automated sequence selection (Deaton et al. 1996). Other nucleotide selection efforts have been directed at ensuring th ...
Mendel and After - U3A Site Builder Home Page
... Chemical analysis of chromosomes had shown that they are composed of approximately equal proportions of protein and what is now known as DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid. Both are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits, but which of them carries the hereditary information? ...
... Chemical analysis of chromosomes had shown that they are composed of approximately equal proportions of protein and what is now known as DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid. Both are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits, but which of them carries the hereditary information? ...
GENETIC VARIATION OF TASTE RECEPTORS Abstract
... sensitive (4). The AVI haplotypes in the non-tester differ at 3 SNPs from the PAV haplotypes of the tasters (9). The aim of this practical: To focus on the TAS2R38 genotype and its link with the ability to taste PTC test paper. The SNP at position 785 is of specific concern in genotyping. Comparing ...
... sensitive (4). The AVI haplotypes in the non-tester differ at 3 SNPs from the PAV haplotypes of the tasters (9). The aim of this practical: To focus on the TAS2R38 genotype and its link with the ability to taste PTC test paper. The SNP at position 785 is of specific concern in genotyping. Comparing ...
Your Inner Fish - 03_Chapter Three
... so on look and behave entirely differently. Despite these differences, there is a deep similarity among every cell inside our bodies: all of them contain exactly the same DNA. If DNA contains the information to build our bodies, tissues, and organs, how is it that cells as different as those found i ...
... so on look and behave entirely differently. Despite these differences, there is a deep similarity among every cell inside our bodies: all of them contain exactly the same DNA. If DNA contains the information to build our bodies, tissues, and organs, how is it that cells as different as those found i ...
the molecules of life - Betavak-NLT
... pancreas. The cause of these problems seems to lie with the mucus-producing cells. These cells, which can be found in the lungs, intestines and pancreas, do not function properly. They produce inadequate amounts of mucus as well as sticky, thick mucus. To understand precisely where the problem lies, ...
... pancreas. The cause of these problems seems to lie with the mucus-producing cells. These cells, which can be found in the lungs, intestines and pancreas, do not function properly. They produce inadequate amounts of mucus as well as sticky, thick mucus. To understand precisely where the problem lies, ...
The Amino Terminus of the Yeast F1-ATPase B
... Many are synthesized as larger precursors with transient amino-terminal amino acid extensions (reviewed in references 14 and 28). These extensions tend to contain several basic amino acids and lack acidic amino acids. The pre-segments are processed from the protein after import into mitochondria by ...
... Many are synthesized as larger precursors with transient amino-terminal amino acid extensions (reviewed in references 14 and 28). These extensions tend to contain several basic amino acids and lack acidic amino acids. The pre-segments are processed from the protein after import into mitochondria by ...
All research involving recombinant DNA molecules must comply
... 3. Introduction of DNA/RNA into Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4, or Select Agents (Section III-D-1*)? 4. Cloning DNA/RNA from Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4 , or Select Agents into nonpathogenic prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic host-vector systems (Section III-D-2*)? 5. Cloning DNA ...
... 3. Introduction of DNA/RNA into Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4, or Select Agents (Section III-D-1*)? 4. Cloning DNA/RNA from Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4 , or Select Agents into nonpathogenic prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic host-vector systems (Section III-D-2*)? 5. Cloning DNA ...
THE STRUCTURE OF CHROMATIN
... structure. (When genes are active in a chromosome then of course transcription is occurring. Then the chromosome, and thus chromatin, will also be associated with RNA if we analyze its chemical composition.) The structure of the interphase chromosome (1) Each interphase chromosome contains one DNA d ...
... structure. (When genes are active in a chromosome then of course transcription is occurring. Then the chromosome, and thus chromatin, will also be associated with RNA if we analyze its chemical composition.) The structure of the interphase chromosome (1) Each interphase chromosome contains one DNA d ...
Deciphering the molecular phylogenetics of the Asian honey bee
... diverse range of climatic zones [1]. The life cycle of Asian bees is very similar to that of Apis mellifera and its life cycle completed within 21 days. The colony is structured with a single fertile female (the queen) several thousand worker bees and seasonally, male bees. Mitochondrial genomes are ...
... diverse range of climatic zones [1]. The life cycle of Asian bees is very similar to that of Apis mellifera and its life cycle completed within 21 days. The colony is structured with a single fertile female (the queen) several thousand worker bees and seasonally, male bees. Mitochondrial genomes are ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.