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A natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species
A natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species

... Saccharomyces bayanus-like, are ubiquitous and contributed parts of the nuclear genome ; the third, Saccharomyces sp. IFO 1802-like, which has been found only in Japan, contributed the mitochondrial DNA molecule. These data suggest that the yeast cell is able to accommodate, express and propagate ge ...
A Resurrection of B Chromosomes?
A Resurrection of B Chromosomes?

... more recent data suggest that the size of a functional centromere might be only a few hundred kilobases (Nagaki et al., 2004). It has been shown that barley centromeric repeats are neither necessary nor sufficient to establish a centromere (Nasuda et al., 2005). Rapid inactivation of the second cent ...
SVD and PCA
SVD and PCA

... • Images under different illumination • Most variation captured by first 5 principal components – can re-illuminate by combining only a few images ...
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in Plants - 文献云下载
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in Plants - 文献云下载

... broadly defined as the “change in gene expression without base sequence alteration” (Riggs and Porter 1996). This is frequently found during somatic cell differentiation in animal cells, typically occurring in clonal expansion of a single cell, leading to a diversity of cell types (Holliday 1993). A ...
Genetics Notes
Genetics Notes

... reshaped the study of genetics. His first idea was that genes come in  different forms.  This causes organisms of the same species to still  have some differences.  ...
PDF
PDF

... recently launched interlaboratory project that aims to sequence over the next 5 years the genomes of 5,000 insects and related arthropod species important for agriculture, medicine and biotechnology [37] should be highly useful for such genomic screens. On the other hand, transposase-mediated remobi ...
First Trimester
First Trimester

Genome demethylation and imprinting in the endosperm
Genome demethylation and imprinting in the endosperm

... PHE1 is a paternally expressed imprinted gene in the endosperm [26]. PRC2 actively targets the promoter of the maternal PHE1 allele for H3K27me, which is necessary for maternal allele silencing [27,28]. Mutations that disrupt the PRC2 complex result in PHE1 biallelic expression. Interestingly, a dif ...
Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core
Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core

... standardized form and b) Investigator’s applicable IACUC protocol (“Experimental Protocol”) which provides for the utilization of the transgenic animals following their development by the TGTC (UC Denver CCMhoused animals only). Investigator hereby represents and warrants that the DNA construct(s) o ...
The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

... 1,250,000) which makes up half of chromosome IV has several distinctive features. First, as with most of the chromosomes, it has more or less regularly spaced regions rich in G+C, but its central domain has a lower G+C content. Second, this central domain contains all of the Ty and most of the LTR e ...
Bacteria Pathogen Virulence Primer
Bacteria Pathogen Virulence Primer

... system known as the phoP/phoQ system studied in salmonellae (Miller et al., 1989). This system can detect low pH, such as that inside of a macrophage cell in which Salmonella are known to be able to survive (Leung and Finlay, 1991). In response to the low pH signal detected by Salmonella, the bacter ...
Damage Control: The Pleiotropy of DNA Repair Genes
Damage Control: The Pleiotropy of DNA Repair Genes

CF Overview of CF Genotypin and NSQAP services
CF Overview of CF Genotypin and NSQAP services

... varies† ...
synthesis Gene Cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus
synthesis Gene Cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus

... An important question from the regulation point of view is if the two clusters organization occurs in all actinomycetes and how expression of these clusters is controlled by the ArgR repressor. This information is particularly important in S. clavuligerus, since this actinomycete uses arginine as pr ...
Slides
Slides

... Myoblasts can only form muscle cells Keratinocytes only form skin cells Hematopoietic stem cells only become blood cells But all have identical DNA sequences. ...
Genetics_Review_Jeopardy_
Genetics_Review_Jeopardy_

... flies, approximately 25% of offspring had white eyes. These were the most likely genotypes of the parents. What are Rr and Rr? Bonus $100: What is the special name for this kind of cross? ...
pdf
pdf

... section of Cluster I (Fig. 3). These were most closely related to sequences derived from other marine environments, such as the South China Sea and the English Channel. Of particular interest is the near perfect identity of several clones from 150 and 175 m at Station 1 (S1D150M21 and S1D175M21) wit ...
What do you think this is
What do you think this is

... Macronucleus: contains multiple copies of DNA Contractile Vacuoles: expand to collect excess water; contract to squeeze it out of cell. ...
The Complete Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Donkey and
The Complete Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Donkey and

... et al. 1996a), common chimpanzee (Horai et al. 1995; Arnason et al. 1996a), pygmy chimpanzee (Horai et al. 1995), gorilla (Horai et al. 1995; Xu and Arnason 1996), and Bornean orangutan (Horai et al. 1995); Rodentia, represented by the mouse (Bibb et al. 1981) and the brown rat (Gadaleta et al. 1989 ...
Comparison of DNA Sequences with Protein Sequences
Comparison of DNA Sequences with Protein Sequences

... were determined by high-throughput EST or genomic sequencing. The DNA sequences produced by single-pass EST sequencing and high-throughput sequencing may be of lower quality than traditional ‘‘finished’’ GenBank sequences, which are typically based on multiple sequence reads from both strands of the ...
ESTs to genome
ESTs to genome

... Ule et al, Science 2003: 340 sequences ...
Bioinfo primer - part 6/6
Bioinfo primer - part 6/6

... • DNA is a double-helix and can be separated by denaturing treatment into two strands. Each strand becomes ’sticky’ and attempts to renature with homologous single-strand sequences to form hybrids. • Single-strand DNA from all known genes of a given species can be attached to a matrix, then probed w ...
Evidence for massive gene exchange between archaeal and
Evidence for massive gene exchange between archaeal and

... uncharacterized owing to the lack of experimental data on these organisms. Several of them, however, form highly conserved families that, on the basis of the observed patterns of amino acid residue conservation, could be ...
L.R. Huang, P. Silberzan, J.O. Tegenfeldt, E.C. Cox, J.C. Sturm, R.H. Austin, and H. Craighead, "Role of molecular size in ratchet fractionation," Phys. Rev. Let. 89, pp. 178301 (2002).
L.R. Huang, P. Silberzan, J.O. Tegenfeldt, E.C. Cox, J.C. Sturm, R.H. Austin, and H. Craighead, "Role of molecular size in ratchet fractionation," Phys. Rev. Let. 89, pp. 178301 (2002).

... gap, it is physically deflected by the obstacle and centered on the gap, because of its finite size (a random coil of 1 m) compared to the gap width (  1:4 m). Thus, molecules initially following field lines a, b, and c in Fig. 4(b) will all tend to leave the gap region on line b. The fluorescen ...
PDF
PDF

... of magnetic poles. Such modifications, however, often come at a price. Bigger beads, for example, generate greater drag and reduce, therefore, the temporal resolution of the experiment [24]. Likewise, the use of microfabricated devices [18] can produce forces in nN range due to a dramatic decrease i ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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