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Goal 3
Goal 3

... The “rungs of the DNA ladder” are composed of complementary nitrogenous base pairs (always adenine, A, to thymine, T, and cytosine, C, to guanine, G) joined by weak hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA codes for proteins, which is central key to cell function and life. Replication occu ...
AACR and other questions to be used as extra credit at end of 2150
AACR and other questions to be used as extra credit at end of 2150

... DNA 5’ T G*A A G G A A T T A T A A T A C G A C C A T G A T G T A C G C A T A A A C G T 3’ A mutation occurs in which a base (T) is inserted into the DNA sequence after the G, at the position marked with an asterisk, before transcription begins. How will this alteration influence the mRNA sequence th ...
Mutations are heritable alteration in DNA sequence Most common
Mutations are heritable alteration in DNA sequence Most common

... (involved with cell growth), normally on chromosome 8, with an immunoglobulin gene on chromosome 14. o The c-myc gene is now controlled by the Ig gene promoter, resulting in unregulated cell growth.  Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) translocation)  If translocations are passed on to the next genera ...
DNA NOTES
DNA NOTES

... 19. In the cytoplasm, mRNA attaches to a ________________. The ________________, with its attached mRNA, is now ready to synthesize a __________________. 20. During Translation, a __________ molecule transfers an _____________________to the ribosome. Each new ______________________links with the pre ...
Introduction continued
Introduction continued

... Produces nearly data that have errors (so algorithms are to be extended to handle errors. Virus and bacteria (organisms most used in genetic research) Virus consists of a protein cap (capsid) with DNA (or RNA) inside - cells starts producing-coded proteins which promotes viral DNA replication (new c ...
Visualizing DNA
Visualizing DNA

... phosphate  groups  in  the  backbone  of  DNA.       Thus,  DNA  will  move  towards  the  positive   ...
molecular genetics
molecular genetics

... A. Mediterranea: disk-shaped cap A. Crenulata: branched, flowerlike cap. Subsequent cap was an intermediate between the two species: because substances that determined cap type were still in the stalk. Excised the cap and found that the new cap formed was A. m: substances in the transplant were used ...
NOTES: 12.2 – 12.3 – DNA Structure
NOTES: 12.2 – 12.3 – DNA Structure

... ● Hydrogen Bonds form between ...
Genetics Study Guide Answers
Genetics Study Guide Answers

... of the ribosome at the stop codon. A frameshift mutation could result from A) a base insertion only. B) a base deletion only. C) a base substitution only. D) deletion of three consecutive bases. E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait ...
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3687317_mlbio10_Ch14_TestA_3rd.indd

... 9. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they a. are resistant to many different diseases. b. have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells. c. are not affected by the gene until they are elderly. d. produce more hemoglobin than they need. 10. If no ...
2/14 - Utexas
2/14 - Utexas

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Biology EOC Words for Pages 64-80, Teacher Key Codominance
Biology EOC Words for Pages 64-80, Teacher Key Codominance

... the chicks come out speckled or brown and white. There isn’t one more dominant than the other. Autosomes- chromosomes 1-22, they occur in your somatic cells / body cells. They are responsible for everything but your sex. Double Helix- DNA molecule, two strands twisted around each other like a windin ...
DNA - PBworks
DNA - PBworks

... DNA Structure  DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix.  A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of ...
Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology

... Subtle chemical signals, or pheromones, have long been known to draw pairs together within the same species, and for a specific reason. In mice, for example, experiments showed that pheromones acted as attractants between males and females who were genetically similar except that they differed in a ...
Contemporary Biology Per
Contemporary Biology Per

... and under the right conditions, some of the bacteria will take up the plasmids. The bacteria that take up the plasmids will then produce more bacteria with the plasmids. 34. Eukaryotes are more _________ because it is harder to get a eukaryotic cell to accept new DNA molecules. 35. __________ conta ...
AQA B2 ESQ - Genetic Fingerprints ANS
AQA B2 ESQ - Genetic Fingerprints ANS

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DNA Quiz #1 - Houston ISD
DNA Quiz #1 - Houston ISD

... 12. ____________ is complementary to the original DNA strand? 13. The mRNA carries information from the nucleus to a _________. 14. What is the correct base pairing of RNA? ___=___ ___=___ 15. Translation takes place in the ________________. 16. Replication, transcription, and translation are the st ...
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... are independent of the nuclear DNA and cell division. ...
Microbial Genetics - Montgomery College
Microbial Genetics - Montgomery College

... ƒ Spontaneous mutation rate = 1 in 109 replicated base pairs or 1 in 106 replicated genes ƒ Mutagens increase to 10–5 or 10–3 per replicated gene. ...
HSLS4-1
HSLS4-1

... evolution. Examples of evidence could include similarities in DNA sequences, anatomical structures, and order of appearance of structures in embryological development.] ...
Bell work Objectives: DNA replication DNA Replication
Bell work Objectives: DNA replication DNA Replication

... keychain, label the bases on the paper model with A, T, G, or C exactly as they are on your keychain from the bottom to the top. ...
Prokaryotes, Viruses, and Protistans
Prokaryotes, Viruses, and Protistans

... • Bacteria have a single chromosome – Circular molecule of DNA • Many bacteria also have plasmids – Self-replicating circle of DNA that has a few genes ...
pdf
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... analyzing them biochemically. Methods for isolating genes, such as recombinant DNA technology and the polymerase chain reaction, are discussed in Chapter 3. In addition, this chapter explores some of the insights into gene structure and function, especially in eukaryotes, that the use of these techn ...
Human Genomic DNA Quality Controls for aCGH and Microarray
Human Genomic DNA Quality Controls for aCGH and Microarray

... comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) testing? Are you doing other microarraybased analysis of DNA? You need external controls as a hybridization standard and to ensure your assays are performing correctly. For external controls, you can rely on ParagonDx aCGH Human Genomic DNA Quality Controls. ...
Intro to Genetics
Intro to Genetics

... Most organisms have TWO copies of every gene and chromosome (one from each parent) – see picture below Alleles are the different forms of a gene for a specific trait – Ex: flower color gene in pea plants contain a white allele and a purple allele ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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