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Chapter 6 and 9 - Wando High School
Chapter 6 and 9 - Wando High School

... 12. Describe what happens during Interphase. Draw how a cell may appear during this phase. DNA is replicated Chromosomes are not yet visible Proteins and RNA are synthesized Cell is preparing for Meiosis 13. Is there an Interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II? No 14. Describe crossing over and w ...
Preparation of SCRATCHY Hybrid Protein Libraries
Preparation of SCRATCHY Hybrid Protein Libraries

... by agarose gel electrophoresis: Pour a 1% agarose gel with two wells, sufficiently large to load the entire truncation library (see Note 1), Load aliquots of the reaction mixture in well after mixing them 1:1 with glycerol and run gel at a low voltage, Visualize the DNA library smear under UV light ...
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting

... • Stem Cells • Genetic Engineering to make Transgenic organisms • Cloning (both reproductive and therapeutic) ...
Supplemental Data
Supplemental Data

... Only red fluorescence is observed on day 2 in D. bardawil cells transformed with water (A) or negative control vector pET after transformation (B). Moderate green fluorescence is observed in D. bardawil cells transformed with pZET (C) and pZBET (D) as soon as 2 days after transformation. Stable expr ...
Lecture 10 Types of mutations Substitutions that occur in protein
Lecture 10 Types of mutations Substitutions that occur in protein

... • pigmented lesions on areas of the skin exposed to the sun and • an elevated incidence of skin cancer. It turns out that XP can be caused by mutations in any one of several genes - all of which have roles to play in NER. James Cleaver went around and collected cells from hundreds of these patients. ...
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma

...  RNA stores genetic information in sets of three nucleotides called codons.  Each codon specifies a particular amino acid (3 nucleic acid bases = 1 amino acid)  There are 64 codons and only 20 amino acids  An adapter molecule allows mRNA codons to be read and the proper amino acids to be put int ...
The Effects of Plasmids of Genotype and Phenotype
The Effects of Plasmids of Genotype and Phenotype

... Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that often found in bacteria in addition to the large circular DNA molecule of the bacterial chromosome. Plasmid DNAs replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome, and many plasmids can also be transferred naturally among their bacterial hosts. Genera ...
Genetics Summary
Genetics Summary

... - Mitochondria (ATP production) and chloroplast (photosynthesis) both have their own DNA and can duplicate, were previously not in eukaryotic cells —> endosymbiotic theory ...
Genetics revision for learners
Genetics revision for learners

... The answer to most variation questions ...
Biology 50 - BrainMass
Biology 50 - BrainMass

... gametes produced by meiosis in this parasite will have all of it’s chromosomes from either maternal or paternal origin (i.e. all the chromosomes from dad or all the chromosomes from mom). Assume that meiosis in this parasite works just like meiosis in organisms we’ve talked about in class and explai ...
Paper Plasmid activity - Liberty Union High School District
Paper Plasmid activity - Liberty Union High School District

... 4. The start and stop sequences for transcribing the Jellyfish GFP or Glo gene are highlighted. 5. These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. 6. The HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. 7. The t ...
Annotation of Five Genes in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway of
Annotation of Five Genes in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway of

... DNA mismatch repair pathway of K. sedentarius. Searches with BLAST found the same amino acid sequences present in other organisms indicating a high amount of conservation. A high amount of sequence conservation was also seen in the WebLogos. All protein products were determined to have an cytoplasmi ...
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation

... - Mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from one DNA base to a whole chromosome change. Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent ( hereditary mutations or germline mutations) or acquired during a person’s lifetim ...
Competence
Competence

... 1. There are many proteins involved in transformation in bacteria. 2. They are discovered on the basis of isolation of mutants that are completely lacking in the ability to take up DNA. 3. The genes affected in the mutants were named com (for ...
Name: Date: Period:___ Midterm Review: Study Guide # 4 TOPICS
Name: Date: Period:___ Midterm Review: Study Guide # 4 TOPICS

... 3. Start mastering each objective by answering the associated review questions right on this sheet. 4. After you have finished, use this sheet as a study tool to quiz yourself. Quiz yourself by trying to answer all the questions aloud. This will probably take you a few times to feel comfortable. You ...
DNA-independent ATPase activity of the Trichoplusia ni
DNA-independent ATPase activity of the Trichoplusia ni

... decreased substantially in the presence of TnGV and λ DNAs (Fig. 2 B). One possibility is that the decreased activity was due to the sequestration of Mg#+ by viral DNA. Another possible explanation is that rP137 binds DNA, but upon binding, additional host- or TnGV-encoded protein(s) not present in ...
Molecular markers - the foundation for grapevine genetic mapping
Molecular markers - the foundation for grapevine genetic mapping

... genetic mapping, genetic diversity assessment in populations, gene tagging for breeding purposes (Marker-Assisted Selection), and gene cloning. Types of molecular markers In order to understand the potential values of the many available molecular markers, it is essential that we define the major one ...
Chapter 19
Chapter 19

... Protists, and Fungi each have their kingdom  Other evolutionary biologists use a 3 domain system where Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes have their own domain ...
Examining the gut microbiota of the American black bear (Ursus
Examining the gut microbiota of the American black bear (Ursus

central dogma of molecular biology - Rose
central dogma of molecular biology - Rose

... that is kept, in contrast to “garbage”, which is discarded). This junk DNA includes DNA that comprises the introns and DNA that resides in between genes. In addition, in multicellular organisms, most cells express only a small subset of genes; damage to non-expressed genes will usually not affect th ...
Nature Rev.Genet. 8
Nature Rev.Genet. 8

... A long ncRNA Controls Imprinting at the Igf2r Locus ...
Bacterial Transformation - Eastern Regional High School
Bacterial Transformation - Eastern Regional High School

... Changing the genes and phenotype of a bacteria by uptake of foreign/new DNA ...
Supplemental Materials and Methods (doc 44K)
Supplemental Materials and Methods (doc 44K)

... Agarose gel electrophoresis, melting curve analysis, and sequencing of amplicons generated with the same primers indicated that the amplification was specific. The lower limits of quantification were 101 gene copy numbers µl-1 of DNA extract. 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were determined concomitantly ...
BIOLOGY KEYSTONE!cheat sheet
BIOLOGY KEYSTONE!cheat sheet

... 
 ****DNA
is
the
cell’s
genetic
material.

It
must
be
copied
before
the
cell
can
divide.

To
help
with
this,
the
DNA
is
packaging
 
 into
structures
called
CHROMOSOMES.

Humans
have
46
chromosomes
that
must
be
copied
exactly
before
the
cell
can
divide.

 
The
process
of
cell
division
is
called
MITOS ...
Document
Document

... modifications of the histones loosen DNA binding ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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