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Title goes here
Title goes here

... • If GenBank record says nothing about gene B annotation protocol, the annotation must be correct • If GenBank record says the gene was manually annotated, the annotation must be correct • If GenBank record says gene B was manually annotated, and it has a bi-directional best BLAST hit to gene A with ...
Select one of your Biology instructors from another class and look
Select one of your Biology instructors from another class and look

... 3.1 Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) has a somatic chromosome number of 28, and rye (Secale cereale) has a somatic chromosome number of 14. Hybrids produced by crossing these cereal grasses are highly sterile and have many characteristics intermediate between the parental species. How many chromosome ...
Chapter 11 – What is DNA and how does it work?
Chapter 11 – What is DNA and how does it work?

... •shorter •1 gene •Single stranded (helix) •Bases – AGCU (U = Uracil) •Goes from nucleus to cytoplasm and ribosome •Produced in Transcription ...
Molecular taxonomy,use of modern methods in the identification of a
Molecular taxonomy,use of modern methods in the identification of a

... Since the concentration of labeled DNA is low, complementary strands of labelled DNA do not "find each other"; however, they do "find" complementary segments of unlabeled DNA. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into double strands is compared with that incorporated when the organism's own unla ...
Unit 5 Molecular Genetics Objectives
Unit 5 Molecular Genetics Objectives

... 3 Inducers and repressors are small molecules that interact with regulatory proteins and/or regulatory sequences. 4 Regulatory proteins inhibit gene expression by binding to DNA and blocking transcription (negative control). 5 Regulatory proteins stimulate gene expression by binding to DNA and stimu ...
PDF - 1.4 MB
PDF - 1.4 MB

... genes was previously unrealized. We will be coming back to this later in the lecture. Monitor all the binding sites in the S. cerevisiae genome for each transcription factor in a single experiment. In the last lecture we talked about deletion analysis of cis-acting regulatory sequences identifying t ...
43 ppt
43 ppt

... Sam  and  his  wife  Maggie  are  concerned  about  the  inheritance  of  two  disease-­‐   causing  genes  that  run  in  their  family.    The  two  genes  are  8  map  units   apart  on  the  same  chromosome.    They  are   ...
Exam3fall2005ch9-12.doc
Exam3fall2005ch9-12.doc

... C) the genotype or phenotype is more important. D) an individual is homozygous or heterozygous. E) segregation or independent assortment is occurring. 52) Colorblindness is more common in men than in women because A) men have only one X chromosome. B) the gene is located on the Y chromosome. C) wome ...
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation

... returned, an effect known as back mutation – Intragenic suppression can occur and this occurs when a second mutation in the same gene masks the occurrence of the original mutation without actually restoring the original sequence. The new sequence is a double mutation but with the same phenotype  Su ...
Epigenetics of Coeliac Disease
Epigenetics of Coeliac Disease

... MEDICEL Istanbul 2012 ...
1. Which organelles does the process of Adenosine triphosphate
1. Which organelles does the process of Adenosine triphosphate

... 54. Restriction enzymes are used in recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology to: A) Cut large DNA molecules at sequence-specific sites. B) Carry foreign genes along with viral DNA into the host cell. C) Join DNA fragments. D) Clone DNA fragments. 55. The actual rate of growth of a populati ...
Breeding - Farming Ahead
Breeding - Farming Ahead

... the genetic improvement of the industry by identifying rams and ewes with desirable traits and eliminating those with undesirable characteristics such as black or coloured wool. Some wool growers are already using the technology successfully and new developments have reduced the cost of the procedur ...
official course outline information
official course outline information

... By organizing the exercises as part of a single project, students get the sense of performing a complete cloning project, rather than just learning a collection of procedures. The complete course requires the students to perform DNA cloning techniques that are in common use in research molecular bio ...
biology trimester b review sheet 2013-2014 - Nyland-Biology-2013-14
biology trimester b review sheet 2013-2014 - Nyland-Biology-2013-14

... 4. Describe and be able to identify each of the parts of the cell cycle. 5. Describe DNA Structure and replication 6. What part of the cell cycle is mitosis? 7. What controls the cell cycle? How does that happen? 8. How is cancer related to the cell cycle? Protein Synthesis Chapter 12.3 9. Describe ...
Biology Syllabus 2015-2016 Toombs County High School Teacher
Biology Syllabus 2015-2016 Toombs County High School Teacher

... Course Description: Students will examine and learn the different components of Biology, such components include in-depth studies of the cell, the molecular basis of heredity, biological evolution, the interdependence of organisms, matter, energy and organization in living systems, and the adaptive ...
Zinc finger nucleases
Zinc finger nucleases

... specificity increases dramatically as each nuclease partner would recognize a unique DNA sequence. ...
Lecture 7
Lecture 7

... • pigmented lesions on areas of the skin exposed to the sun and • an elevated incidence of skin cancer. It turns out that XP can be caused by mutations in any one of several genes - all of which have roles to play in NER. James Cleaver went around and collected cells from hundreds of these patients. ...
Tissue specific hormone response and epigenome
Tissue specific hormone response and epigenome

... Growth hormone ...
DNA - Doctor Jade
DNA - Doctor Jade

... • must be translated into different chemical languagethat of polypeptides • DNA language is written in linear sequence of nucleotide bases that comprise itAACCGTTGGACAC • specific sequence of bases ...
Biology - Greenwood International School
Biology - Greenwood International School

... 74. Describe how Mendel’s results can be explained by scientific knowledge of genes and chromosomes. 75. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype of an organism. 76. Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses. 77. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of mono ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
PowerPoint 演示文稿

... elements contained in two separate genomes are brought together in one unit. This mechanism may enable the organism to carry out some new function and result in adaptation to changing environments. Genetic recombination usually involves much larger changes. Entire genes, sets of genes, or even whole ...
Name
Name

File - Groby Bio Page
File - Groby Bio Page

... • This method involves inserting your gene of interest (e.g. Insulin), into a gene that codes for an enzyme such as lactase. • There is a particular substrate that is usually colourless, but turns blue when lactase acts upon it. • If you insert your chosen gene into the gene that makes lactase, you ...
Chapter 5 - FIU Faculty Websites
Chapter 5 - FIU Faculty Websites

... 1) Uses ssDNA this can be done by denaturing the double stranded DNA with NaOH. 2) DNA primers (short pieces of DNA that are both complementary to the strand which is to be sequenced and radioactively labelled at the 5' end) 3) a mixture of a particular ddNTP (1%) 4) Other four dNTPs (dCTP, dGTP, an ...
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma

... S (synthesis): DNA replication G2 (gap 2) : final preparation for division z ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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