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Microbial Genetics
Microbial Genetics

... • The only genes that can be transferred from the donor to the recipient are the genes that are immediately adjacent to the phage insertion site on the donor chromosome. • When the phage DNA is excised from the chromosome as the virus enters its lytic cycle, occasionally there is a mistake and some ...
Chapter 6: Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect
Chapter 6: Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect

... As with chloroplasts, mitochondria have their own genetic material, and their pattern of transmission is non-Mendelian. In this section, we will examine the nature of the mitochondrial genome, and how mitochondria are transmitted from parents to offspring. Note that the genetic material of the mitoc ...
Ninth Grade Biology Unit 3 – Growth and Heredity Asexual and
Ninth Grade Biology Unit 3 – Growth and Heredity Asexual and

... Differentiated Instructional Strategies: (References: Science Formative Assessment by Page Keeley; Differentiated Instructional Strategies by Gayle Gregory and Carolyn Chapman) o Questionnaire: Give students a short questionnaire to see what they know about genetic engineering (cloning, stem cells). ...
Name  __________________________________ Period _________ Ms Foglia • AP Biology Date ______________________
Name __________________________________ Period _________ Ms Foglia • AP Biology Date ______________________

... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
Cloning a Paper Plasmid
Cloning a Paper Plasmid

... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides

... • Genomic size increases with evolutionary complexity (in general!) • Size of DNA is measured in kb = kilobase ...
Genetic Notes
Genetic Notes

... human chromosome may contain 1,000’s of genes. 3. The way chromosomes pair up results in different genetic make-ups in the offspring. ...
Exam #3 Review
Exam #3 Review

... This plasmid encodes for the F pilus which serves as a bridge over which the F plasmid can be transferred form the donor cell to the F(female or recipient cell). The transfer is always unidirectional and only the plasmid is transferred. (The exact mechanism of plasmid transfer is still not entirely ...
Bacterial and Viral Infectious Diseases
Bacterial and Viral Infectious Diseases

Nucleic Acids notes
Nucleic Acids notes

... 1) B-DNA - right handed helix - most studied/common form in body 10 base pairs per turn 2) A-DNA - right handed helix - found in low salt conditions 11 base pairs per turn 3) Z-DNA - left-handed helix - found in nature - function unknown occurs in high G/C areas ...
Miss Overskei`s Chapter ?`s
Miss Overskei`s Chapter ?`s

... MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. Circle the letter of the answer that BEST completes the statement. There can be only ONE correct answer. DNA that is spread out in a non-dividing cell is called _____________________. A. chromosomes B. chromatin The two copies of each chromosome that are the same size, sam ...
Biology Final Exam Study Guide (FULL)
Biology Final Exam Study Guide (FULL)

ch11dna - cpolumbo
ch11dna - cpolumbo

... STR is another method of DNA typing. STR’s are locations (loci) on the chromosome that contain short sequences of 2 to 5 bases that repeat themselves in the DNA molecule. The advantages of this method are that it provides greater discrimination, requires less time, a smaller sample size, and the DNA ...
Evolution of prokaryotic genomes
Evolution of prokaryotic genomes

... course of time. Rarely produced ...
Structure and function of DNA
Structure and function of DNA

Structure and function of DNA
Structure and function of DNA

... It is the key that read the code on the mRNA. Each amino acid has its own tRNA, which binds to it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain. ...
Lecture 6
Lecture 6

... (ATGC)n • STRs are genetically variable and can be used as markers for individuality. The number of tandem repeats of STR are unique to an individual. • STRs are amplified from unique sequence outside the tandem repeats. • RNA can be amplified by PCR; first reverse transcribing it to DNA (cDNA) thro ...
File - Science with Mrs. Levin
File - Science with Mrs. Levin

... nitrogen bases are in an ___________ along a gene and form the genetic code  that determines what type of _____________ will be produced; the order of the  three­base code unit determines a specific ____________  ___________ and  amino acids are put together to form a protein  ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... is used for both sides, the plasmid is likely to religate to itself. ...
15 N
15 N

... AP Biology disease-causing properties ...
Changes in DNA
Changes in DNA

... the detection limit for BLAST searches, and there are probably plenty of smaller inversions. Several hundred changes in gene family copy number Lots of changes in repeat sequences (3 x as many Alu elements in humans as in chimps) Loss of function in about 80 genes (half of which are olfactory ...
DNA - Wiley
DNA - Wiley

... The double chain is wound into a helix Each turn in the helix is 34Å long and involves 10 successive nucleotide pairs Each base pair must involve a purine and a pyrimidine to achieve the proper distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones Base pairing can occur only between thymine and adenine, or ...
Document
Document

... The body cells of humans have 46 chromosomes that form 23 pairs. Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together. You have 23 pairs of chromosome. Each chromosome has 200 – 3000 genes. Therefore, you have between 20,000 – 25,000 genes. Each gene controls a trait. About Chromosome 1 Chromosome ...
Genetics in Epidemiology - University of Pittsburgh
Genetics in Epidemiology - University of Pittsburgh

... – Is a positive family history an independent risk factor for the disorder? • For many chronic disorders, a positive family history is associated with odds ratios between 2-6 ...
Transcription
Transcription

... It is like DNA replication in that a DNA strand is used to synthesize a strand of mRNA. Only one strand of DNA is copied. A single gene may be transcribed thousands of times. After transcription, the DNA strands rejoin. Steps involved in transcription RNA polymerase recognizes a specific base sequen ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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