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DNA chips: a new tool for genetic analysis and diagnostics
DNA chips: a new tool for genetic analysis and diagnostics

... Summary – DNA chips are miniaturized microsystems based on the ability of DNA to spontaneously find and bind its complementary sequence in a highly specific and reversible manner, known as hybridization. Labeled DNA molecules in a sample are analyzed by DNA probes tethered at distinct sites on a sol ...
Agriculture - eduBuzz.org
Agriculture - eduBuzz.org

...  A vector is an agent used to transfer DNA from one organism to another  Agrobacterium (tumerfaciens) is a commonly used vector  Agrobacterium is a soil bacteria  It contains a plasmid (known as Ti) which it can insert into plant DNA causing a tumour (crown gall disease) ...
Genetics 16 - Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation
Genetics 16 - Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation

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Cancer In the Genes - Max-Planck
Cancer In the Genes - Max-Planck

... then sent on to a biotechnology lab at Radboud University in the Dutch city of Nijmegen. The researchers in the lab there can precisely chart the position of all methylations in the genome. To do this, they must cut the genetic material into tiny snippets. The ‘snippet solution’ is then poured over ...
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA - School
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA - School

... In all living things, characteristics are passed on in the chromosomes that offspring inherit from their parents. So all human characteristics, including gender, must be something to do with chromosomes. Where are chromosomes found? 4 of 47 ...
Dismantling the Maryland DNA Convicted Offender Database
Dismantling the Maryland DNA Convicted Offender Database

... "DNA marker" refers to a specific chromosomal location that is analyzed in the forensic DNA laboratory. The most widely used DNA markers are defined by their 'Short Tandem Repeat' (STRs) characteristics on the chromosome. Multiple types of STRs can be analyzed in one test, or multiplexed, multiplexe ...
Development of New Dosimetry Using Extended DNA Fibers
Development of New Dosimetry Using Extended DNA Fibers

... suitable and simple biological materials for dosimetry mainly in the following three points. First, the number of breaks in DNA is proportional to the dose of the irradiation but is not dependent on dose rate of the irradiation and the GC content of DNA. This result indicates that all DNAs from vari ...
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA

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DNA Structure Worksheet
DNA Structure Worksheet

... There are always _____ possible genotypes that produce the dominant phenotype. To have the dominant phenotype, you can be either ___________________ ________________ or _____________________. There is only _____ possible genotype that produces the recessive phenotype. To have the recessive phenotype ...
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DNA Structure Worksheet
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THIRD WORLD NETWORK - Biosafety Information Centre
THIRD WORLD NETWORK - Biosafety Information Centre

... with Synthetic Smallpox Genes Sandia National Laboratory, part of the US Department of Energy, has initiated experiments with smallpox genes engineered into other organisms. The genes were inserted into the other bugs in order to produce smallpox proteins for undisclosed purposes. According to Sandi ...
Show Me the Genes! - Brandywine School District
Show Me the Genes! - Brandywine School District

...  Consider two children with the same two parents. Would you expect them to have the same sets of chromosomes? Explain why or why not. ...
Biology 40S – Final Exam Review (2013
Biology 40S – Final Exam Review (2013

... Like with the protists in an earlier question, treatment is complicated by the fact that fungal cells are more similar to our own cells than, for example, bacterial cells, so it’s more complicated to engineer antibiotics that will attack fungal cells and not our own. ...
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... Antibiotics, which can kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes or processes specific to bacteria, are powerless against viruses, which have few or no enzymes of their own. ...
In recent times the incidence of multiple drug resistant pathogens
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... In addition to the gene of interest the expression cassette also carries a number of other regulatory sequences such as control elements (promoter/enhancer) necessary for expression of the genes i.e. to produce the protein it codes for. It also contains a selectable marker gene such as an antibiotic ...
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2.5.2 Heredity and Gene Expression

... The fact that DNA is able to replicate or make an exact copy of itself means that the exact same DNA is passed on to each new generation of cells. Replication is the reason why both cells produced as a result of mitosis are genetically identical to each other and to the original parent. It is also t ...
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Virginia Gil

... viruses do not fit our usual definition of life. Viruses share the characteristic that they can be double stranded DNA or RNA. It is however, very different from eukaryotic chromosome, which have linear DNA molecules associated with a considerable amount of protein. Viruses do not fir our definition ...
Transformation of the bacterium E. coli using a gene for green
Transformation of the bacterium E. coli using a gene for green

... profound changes. Examples are Agrobacterium tumefaciens (for plants) and HIV (for Humans). The bacterium you will be transforming, E.coli, lives in the human gut and is a relatively simple and well understood organism. Its genetic material consists mostly of one large circle of DNA 3-5 million base ...
APDC Unit IX CC DNA Bio
APDC Unit IX CC DNA Bio

... and genomes • Biotechnology: process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products. • Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been artificially made, using DNA from different sources – eg. Human gene inserted into E.coli • Gene cloning: process by which scientists can ...
Advances in the molecular ecology of foxes
Advances in the molecular ecology of foxes

... the density of such an elusive species is to use a noninvasive survey technique such as an activity index (eg counts of tracks and scats). A major limitation with this method is that without identification of individual animals, and hence some understanding of their behaviour, it is difficult to att ...
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EOC Review Packet #3 1. Injecting a person with a killed
EOC Review Packet #3 1. Injecting a person with a killed

... 1. Injecting a person with a killed-bacteria vaccine can protect that individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria A remain in the body, and live bacteria later prey on them instead of live tissues. B bind with receptors in the body, so that live bacteria cannot bind with th ...
Molecular Genetics Part 2 Chapter 19
Molecular Genetics Part 2 Chapter 19

... Reading Packet 6- Molecular Genetics Part 2 ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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