• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 13 Presentation-Meiosis and Chromosomes
Chapter 13 Presentation-Meiosis and Chromosomes

... organism to the next within a species.  They are the vehicles of heredity.  Minor differences in the sequences of base pairs on these chromosomes is what contributes to variation. ...
Chapter 20 Review
Chapter 20 Review

... Class ...
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes - Bremen High School District 228
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes - Bremen High School District 228

... conformational change in histone proteins transcription factors have easier access to genes Link to Animation Link to Animation ...
Genetic (molecular) Markers and their uses
Genetic (molecular) Markers and their uses

... An enormous amount of polymorphism is present in natural populations. The fist time this was realised was in 1966 when it was found that at least 30% of the assayed loci in wild Drosophila pseudoobscura encoded electrophoretic polymorphic proteins. Base pair changes are more frequent than large rear ...
University of York Department of Biology B. Sc Stage 1 Degree
University of York Department of Biology B. Sc Stage 1 Degree

... University of York Department of Biology B. Sc Stage 1 Degree Examinations 2016-17 Genetics Time allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Total marks available for this paper: 50 ...
Answer Key to Chapter 10 Reading
Answer Key to Chapter 10 Reading

... Where a bacterium takes up DNA from its environment ...
Molecular_Plant_Breeding_Theories_and_Applications-4
Molecular_Plant_Breeding_Theories_and_Applications-4

... Tag SNPs can be developed to represent haplotypes. Each tag SNP represents one haplotype fragment. A set of tag SNPs can be developed to represent whole genome ...
Analysis of the transgenerational iron deficiency stress memory in
Analysis of the transgenerational iron deficiency stress memory in

... gene do not increase further when plants are grown for more than one generation under same stress; instead, they decrease back to control values within two progeny generations grown under Fe sufficiency, regardless of the Fe-deficiency stress history of their mother plants. Seedlings produced from p ...
DNA - 長庚大學生物醫學系
DNA - 長庚大學生物醫學系

... ribozyme (ribonucleic acid enzyme) is an RNA molecule that is capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes. The 1982 discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological catalyst (like protein enzymes) ...
AP Bio Ch.18 “Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria” The Genetics of Viruses
AP Bio Ch.18 “Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria” The Genetics of Viruses

... All cells have same genome. (Immune cells are an exception) ...
Review Guide notes
Review Guide notes

...  Apply the scientific concepts of hypothesis, inference, law, theory, principle, fact, and observation.  Analyze structural and functional similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.  Evaluate relationships between structures and functions at various levels of biological orga ...
Unit 1 Topic 5 - Holy Cross Collegiate
Unit 1 Topic 5 - Holy Cross Collegiate

... ways can you divide these marbles in two groups so that you have all three colours of marbles in each group? Every different combination is a form of variation — much like different combinations of chromosomes. ...
16. Biotechnology
16. Biotechnology

... What is genetic engineering? THE MODIFICATION OF DNA What is a transgenic organism? AN ORGANISM CONTAINING FOREIGN DNA How are restriction enzymes used in genetic engineering? CLEAVE/CUT DNA AT A SPECIFIC NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE What is gene therapy? A TECHNIQUE THAT USES GENES TO ...
2.6-7 and 3.1-3 DNA and intro to Genetics
2.6-7 and 3.1-3 DNA and intro to Genetics

... A) the complete complement of an organism's genes B) a specific sequence of polypeptides within each cell C) a specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers D) a specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome E) an ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest ...
BIOL 112 – Principles of Zoology
BIOL 112 – Principles of Zoology

... Calcitonin gene-related peptide ...
Exam #3 Review
Exam #3 Review

... together can be broken in a process called denaturation or melting. d. all of the above. Practice: In what ways is RNA different than DNA? B. DNA can be transcribed to give three different types of RNA. The one that we most commonly think about is mRNA. This type of RNA is simply a messenger and it ...
Microarrays
Microarrays

... RNA in a sample. But whereas a Southern blot uses a single probe to search a complex DNA mixture, a DNA microarray uses a million different probes, fixed on a solid surface, to probe such a mixture. The exact sequence of the probes at each feature/location on the chip is known. Wherever some of the ...
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com

... B) the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end C) the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimatel ...
DNA Isolation: plant materials
DNA Isolation: plant materials

... The DNA in a cell is about 100,000 times as long as the cell itself. However, DNA only takes up about 10% of the cell's volume. This is because the highly convoluted (folded) DNA molecules are packed into chromosomes in the cell's nucleus. The walls of plant cells are made of cellulose, which is a p ...
general biology final exam review guide
general biology final exam review guide

... Be able to label a diagram of the DNA molecule. Review the base-pairing rules and the various types of bonds within the double helix. Distinguish between purines and pyrimidines Be able to label a diagram of an RNA molecule and its base pairing rules. Be able to describe DNA replication. ...
Setting the stage for passing on epigenetic information to the next
Setting the stage for passing on epigenetic information to the next

... Antoine Peters, group leader at the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research and professor at the University of Basel, describes in a study in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology how chromatin based epigenetic information is retained during the development of the sperm that eventually ...
File - Mr. Banks
File - Mr. Banks

... flower color is codominant. ___________________________________________________________ Explain what would happen if a purebred black cow was crossed with a purebred white cow if the gene for cow fur color is incomplete dominant. ___________________________________________ What does DNA stand for? _ ...
1 - Pdx
1 - Pdx

... correct errors that were made during replication. (5pts) Methylation occurs at GATC sites on the DNA. Since the methylation process takes some time to occur, the methyl-directed mismatch repair system is able to identify which strand is the newly replicated (unmethylated) strand of the DNA. Mismatch ...
Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207
Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207

... operon and restore the ability to metabolize lactose. In the first step you must plan how to construct the genomic library from wild type E. coli. The following vector pAT1 (3kb) is provided. a) Which feature required for cloning is missing from the following diagram of the plasmid? AmpR ...
Chapter 11 How Genes are Controlled
Chapter 11 How Genes are Controlled

... Small single-stranded RNA molecules, called microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to complementary sequences on mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm, and some trigger the breakdown of their target mRNA. ...
< 1 ... 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 ... 481 >

Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report