Neema Bhukhan
... identical patterns of non-coding sequence conservation in human, dog, and mouse DNA. Of the 14 conserved non-coding sequences found, 2 were determined to be gene regulatory elements. The results they obtained suggest that a large fraction of non-coding elements identified are conserved because of fu ...
... identical patterns of non-coding sequence conservation in human, dog, and mouse DNA. Of the 14 conserved non-coding sequences found, 2 were determined to be gene regulatory elements. The results they obtained suggest that a large fraction of non-coding elements identified are conserved because of fu ...
... A 1008 busepalr (bp) eDNA clone encoding 335 amino acids followed by an inframe TGA translation termination ¢odon and a 295-nacleotide Y untranslated (UT) region has been isolated from a pig liver eDNA library. Based on the deduced amino acid and nudeotide sequence homology to a human eDNA (Kaumeyer ...
A novel C. elegans zinc finger transcription factor, lsy
... proteins can also bind RNA, the vast majority of these proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors (Iuchi, 2001). ...
... proteins can also bind RNA, the vast majority of these proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors (Iuchi, 2001). ...
Promega Notes: Technically Speaking: Tips for Working with RNA
... phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, adequate extraction reagents for the amount and type of tissue used and proper pH for the extraction reagents. Commercial reagents are preferred because of the difficulty in making adequately pure and consistent reagents at the exact pH necessary to partition DNA ...
... phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, adequate extraction reagents for the amount and type of tissue used and proper pH for the extraction reagents. Commercial reagents are preferred because of the difficulty in making adequately pure and consistent reagents at the exact pH necessary to partition DNA ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Foundations of Biology
... The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or ...
... The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or ...
Visualization of RNA molecules using VMD
... chain. Later on the chain will become a protein. TRNA consists of 74-93 nucleotides and has sites for codon recognition and amino acid. It belongs to non-coding RNAs. TRNA attaches to the mRNAs codon by hydrogen bond and leaves the right amino acid to its place. ...
... chain. Later on the chain will become a protein. TRNA consists of 74-93 nucleotides and has sites for codon recognition and amino acid. It belongs to non-coding RNAs. TRNA attaches to the mRNAs codon by hydrogen bond and leaves the right amino acid to its place. ...
shERWOOD-UltramiR shRNA
... shERWOOD-UltramiR designs produced very potent and consistent knockdown relative to available TRC and GIPZ hairpins targeting the same genes (Knott et al 2014). Figure 5. Knockdown efficiencies for shERWOOD UltramiR shRNA targeting mouse Mgp, Slpi and Serpine2. Mouse 4T1 cells were infected at singl ...
... shERWOOD-UltramiR designs produced very potent and consistent knockdown relative to available TRC and GIPZ hairpins targeting the same genes (Knott et al 2014). Figure 5. Knockdown efficiencies for shERWOOD UltramiR shRNA targeting mouse Mgp, Slpi and Serpine2. Mouse 4T1 cells were infected at singl ...
Convergent repression of Foxp2 3!UTR by miR-9 and miR
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... Bioinformatic methods have identified thousands of lncRNAs, and an interesting debate has emerged regarding how many of these actually exert important biological functions.26 For example, enhancers frequently produce lncRNA transcripts. Some of these may simply represent nonfunctional byproducts of t ...
... Bioinformatic methods have identified thousands of lncRNAs, and an interesting debate has emerged regarding how many of these actually exert important biological functions.26 For example, enhancers frequently produce lncRNA transcripts. Some of these may simply represent nonfunctional byproducts of t ...
PDF
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
Convergent repression of Foxp2 3!UTR by miR-9 and miR
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
... To date, several genes and pathways involved in neocortical development have been identified. However, these genes and pathways have been studied individually, leaving it unclear how these different regulators integrate as a network. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a new ...
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of flower development in grasses
... develop bract-like structures – palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also plays an important role during flower opening. The first genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on th ...
... develop bract-like structures – palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also plays an important role during flower opening. The first genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on th ...
The microRNA, miR-29c, participates in muscle development
... differentiation and apoptosis[4–6]. The miR-29 family contains three members, miR-29a, miR-29b and miR29c[7], and they have similar expression patterns and biofunctions. MiR-29 can participate in many physiological and chemical processes. It has been reported that miR29a can inhibit apoptosis and pr ...
... differentiation and apoptosis[4–6]. The miR-29 family contains three members, miR-29a, miR-29b and miR29c[7], and they have similar expression patterns and biofunctions. MiR-29 can participate in many physiological and chemical processes. It has been reported that miR29a can inhibit apoptosis and pr ...
Is targeted modification of cytokinin regulatory gene activity in Rapid
... Abstract The cytokinins are rapidly being recognised as having critical and specific roles during seed development. Both seed number and seed size have variously been affected by manipulation of cytokinin levels. We hypothesised that we could identify specific cytokinin regulatory genes as targets f ...
... Abstract The cytokinins are rapidly being recognised as having critical and specific roles during seed development. Both seed number and seed size have variously been affected by manipulation of cytokinin levels. We hypothesised that we could identify specific cytokinin regulatory genes as targets f ...
Against the Central Dogma
... For the last few decades of the 20th century, the underlying dogma of molecular biology has been that the purpose of RNA is to direct the assembly of proteins from amino acids. A few exceptions to this paradigm were known (for example, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, which are functional RNA macromo ...
... For the last few decades of the 20th century, the underlying dogma of molecular biology has been that the purpose of RNA is to direct the assembly of proteins from amino acids. A few exceptions to this paradigm were known (for example, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, which are functional RNA macromo ...
Molecular Biology
... • RNA polymerase II (Pol II; also known as RNAP II). It transcribes protein-encoding genes into mRNA (and also the snRNA genes). • RNA polymerase III (Pol III). It transcribes the 5S rRNA genes and all the tRNA genes. ...
... • RNA polymerase II (Pol II; also known as RNAP II). It transcribes protein-encoding genes into mRNA (and also the snRNA genes). • RNA polymerase III (Pol III). It transcribes the 5S rRNA genes and all the tRNA genes. ...
Volume 16 - Number 1 January 2012 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... and IL-6 receptor to name a few. The functional role of the SH3 domains of ADAM10 has never been studied. Moreover, the recent observation that ADAM10 can be found in the nucleus of some cells raises the possibility of new and uncovers function of ADAM10 (Arima et al., 2007). ADAM10 seems to be detr ...
... and IL-6 receptor to name a few. The functional role of the SH3 domains of ADAM10 has never been studied. Moreover, the recent observation that ADAM10 can be found in the nucleus of some cells raises the possibility of new and uncovers function of ADAM10 (Arima et al., 2007). ADAM10 seems to be detr ...
A defense-offense multi-layered regulatory switch in a pathogenic
... The wiring diagram of the DSS (Figure 1) was converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under the assumption of mass action kinetics for all reactions. The model describes the temporal variation in the levels of all relevant molecular types, where NX is the number of mole ...
... The wiring diagram of the DSS (Figure 1) was converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under the assumption of mass action kinetics for all reactions. The model describes the temporal variation in the levels of all relevant molecular types, where NX is the number of mole ...
Abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with
... indicate the positionsof the viral ORFs. The extent of the expectedfulllength primary transcript from the keratin promoterto the early region poly(A)site of the virus is shownin the lowerpart of the figure,together with spliced RNAs referred to in the text. HPV transcripts, perhaps due to the observ ...
... indicate the positionsof the viral ORFs. The extent of the expectedfulllength primary transcript from the keratin promoterto the early region poly(A)site of the virus is shownin the lowerpart of the figure,together with spliced RNAs referred to in the text. HPV transcripts, perhaps due to the observ ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... Genetic information carried by DNA is expressed in two stages: transcription of DNA into mRNA translation of the mRNA into protein mRNA is transcribed from one strand of DNA and is complementary to this (noncoding) strand and identical with the other (coding) strand. The sequence of mRNA, in tripl ...
... Genetic information carried by DNA is expressed in two stages: transcription of DNA into mRNA translation of the mRNA into protein mRNA is transcribed from one strand of DNA and is complementary to this (noncoding) strand and identical with the other (coding) strand. The sequence of mRNA, in tripl ...
TRANSCRIPTION. The process of RNA synthesis directed by a DNA
... Factor-dependent termination. Particular sequences act as termination sequences in the presence of factor rho (p). (1) Rho-dependent termination sequences do not appear to share common structural features as do the factorindependent termination sequences. (2) Rho binds as a hexamer to the forming tr ...
... Factor-dependent termination. Particular sequences act as termination sequences in the presence of factor rho (p). (1) Rho-dependent termination sequences do not appear to share common structural features as do the factorindependent termination sequences. (2) Rho binds as a hexamer to the forming tr ...
How Genes and Genomes Evolve
... • 2. All have a significant number of unusual bases made by altering normal base posttranscriptionally • 3. All have base sequences in one part of molecule that are complementary to those in other parts • 4. Thus, all fold in a similar way to form cloverleaf-like structure (in 2 dimensions) • 5. Ami ...
... • 2. All have a significant number of unusual bases made by altering normal base posttranscriptionally • 3. All have base sequences in one part of molecule that are complementary to those in other parts • 4. Thus, all fold in a similar way to form cloverleaf-like structure (in 2 dimensions) • 5. Ami ...
Sequences 5` to Translation Start Regulate
... SSU611 might contribute to the high expression levels of these two genes. Studies that define the c/s-acting elements in 5' promoter regions generally use deletion analysis of the pertinent sequences (Morelli et al., 1985; Nagy et al., 1985; Timko et al., 1985); however, this type of analysis can gi ...
... SSU611 might contribute to the high expression levels of these two genes. Studies that define the c/s-acting elements in 5' promoter regions generally use deletion analysis of the pertinent sequences (Morelli et al., 1985; Nagy et al., 1985; Timko et al., 1985); however, this type of analysis can gi ...
MicroRNA
A micro RNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals, and some viruses, which functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Encoded by eukaryotic nuclear DNA in plants and animals and by viral DNA in certain viruses whose genome is based on DNA, miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. As a result, these mRNA molecules are silenced by one or more of the following processes: 1) cleavage of the mRNA strand into two pieces, 2) destabilization of the mRNA through shortening of its poly(A) tail, and 3) less efficient translation of the mRNA into proteins by ribosomes. miRNAs resemble the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, except miRNAs derive from regions of RNA transcripts that fold back on themselves to form short hairpins, whereas siRNAs derive from longer regions of double-stranded RNA. The human genome may encode over 1000 miRNAs, which are abundant in many mammalian cell types and appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals.miRNAs are well conserved in both plants and animals, and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation. While core components of the microRNA pathway are conserved between plants and animals, miRNA repertoires in the two kingdoms appear to have emerged independently with different primary modes of action. Plant miRNAs usually have near-perfect pairing with their mRNA targets, which induces gene repression through cleavage of the target transcripts. In contrast, animal miRNAs are able to recognize their target mRNAs by using as little as 6–8 nucleotides (the seed region) at the 5' end of the miRNA, which is not enough pairing to induce cleavage of the target mRNAs. Combinatorial regulation is a feature of miRNA regulation in animals. A given miRNA may have hundreds of different mRNA targets, and a given target might be regulated by multiple miRNAs.The first miRNA was discovered in the early 1990s. However, miRNAs were not recognized as a distinct class of biological regulators until the early 2000s. Since then, miRNA research has revealed different sets of miRNAs expressed in different cell types and tissuesand has revealed multiple roles for miRNAs in plant and animal development and in many other biological processes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in numerous disease states, and miRNA-based therapies are under investigation.Estimates of the average number of unique messenger RNAs that are targets for repression by a typical microRNA vary, depending on the method used to make the estimate, but several approaches show that mammalian miRNAs can have many unique targets. For example, an analysis of the miRNAs highly conserved in vertebrate animals shows that each of these miRNAs has, on average, roughly 400 conserved targets. Likewise, experiments show that a single miRNA can reduce the stability of hundreds of unique messenger RNAs, and other experiments show that a single miRNA may repress the production of hundreds of proteins, but that this repression often is relatively mild (less than 2-fold).