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Emerging real-time PCR applications.
... dyes. These bind in the groove of DNA and are much less inhibitory to the PCR. In particular SYBR Green I from Invitrogen has become popular. Dyes are sequence non-specific reporters. They do not distinguish between PCR products and bind also to any aberrant products that may form from interacting p ...
... dyes. These bind in the groove of DNA and are much less inhibitory to the PCR. In particular SYBR Green I from Invitrogen has become popular. Dyes are sequence non-specific reporters. They do not distinguish between PCR products and bind also to any aberrant products that may form from interacting p ...
Document
... The three steps of transcription: initiation, elongation and termination RNA polymerase ...
... The three steps of transcription: initiation, elongation and termination RNA polymerase ...
`RNA world`.
... •Enzymes facilitate the formation of a transition state, thereby lowering the activation energy. ...
... •Enzymes facilitate the formation of a transition state, thereby lowering the activation energy. ...
Global MicroRNA Amplification Kit
... The study of noncoding RNAs, especially noncoding micro RNAs (miRNA), has gained increasing attention in recent years. Micro RNAs are 19-24 nucleotide long single stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes by interacting with complementary sites in the 3’ UTR of the target mRNAs and ...
... The study of noncoding RNAs, especially noncoding micro RNAs (miRNA), has gained increasing attention in recent years. Micro RNAs are 19-24 nucleotide long single stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes by interacting with complementary sites in the 3’ UTR of the target mRNAs and ...
No Slide Title
... Nearly ½ of human genome is transcribed, only 1% is coding • 98% of RNA made is non-coding •Fraction increases with organism’s complexity ...
... Nearly ½ of human genome is transcribed, only 1% is coding • 98% of RNA made is non-coding •Fraction increases with organism’s complexity ...
Cracking the PPR code: predicting and manipulating protein/RNA
... •Proteins composed of repeating alpha helices that each recognize one nucleotide. •The helices can be engineered to bind desired nucleic acids in sequence. •My project concerns a new class of RNA binding repeat proteins: PentatricoPeptide Repeats ...
... •Proteins composed of repeating alpha helices that each recognize one nucleotide. •The helices can be engineered to bind desired nucleic acids in sequence. •My project concerns a new class of RNA binding repeat proteins: PentatricoPeptide Repeats ...
Differential expression of arid5b isoforms in Xenopus
... feature of the ARID domain since the majority of ARID subfamilies bind DNA without obvious sequence preference (Patsialou et al., 2005). ARID-encoding genes are involved in a variety of biological processes regulation and chromatin-remodeling. The ARID protein Osa has been shown to associate with th ...
... feature of the ARID domain since the majority of ARID subfamilies bind DNA without obvious sequence preference (Patsialou et al., 2005). ARID-encoding genes are involved in a variety of biological processes regulation and chromatin-remodeling. The ARID protein Osa has been shown to associate with th ...
The riboswitch control of bacterial metabolism
... negatively controlled by thiamin and TPP [9,17,18]. Those thi operons that are subjected to feedback regulation (e.g. thiCEFSGH, thiMD and sfuABC in E. coli) possess untranslated leaders that contain an evolutionarily conserved 39-nucleotide region referred to as the thi-box [19]. A phylogenetic com ...
... negatively controlled by thiamin and TPP [9,17,18]. Those thi operons that are subjected to feedback regulation (e.g. thiCEFSGH, thiMD and sfuABC in E. coli) possess untranslated leaders that contain an evolutionarily conserved 39-nucleotide region referred to as the thi-box [19]. A phylogenetic com ...
1 Transcription in eukaryotes Eukaryotic RNA polymerases
... snRNAs – needed for maturation of hnRNA to mRNA Polymerase III - makes precursors of tRNAs, 5S rRNAs and some small RNAs: U6 snRNA – participates in splicing, 7SL RNA – small RNA involved in signal recognition in the synthesis of secreted proteins, 7SK RNA – small RNA of unknown function, the adenov ...
... snRNAs – needed for maturation of hnRNA to mRNA Polymerase III - makes precursors of tRNAs, 5S rRNAs and some small RNAs: U6 snRNA – participates in splicing, 7SL RNA – small RNA involved in signal recognition in the synthesis of secreted proteins, 7SK RNA – small RNA of unknown function, the adenov ...
Fastest, Easiest Adenoviral System Ever
... Adenoviral gene transfer is one of the most reliable methods for introducing genes into mammalian cells. Because infection by adenovirus is not cell-cycle dependent, you can deliver your gene to primary as well as transformed cell lines. Adenoviruses are ideal tools for protein production in mammali ...
... Adenoviral gene transfer is one of the most reliable methods for introducing genes into mammalian cells. Because infection by adenovirus is not cell-cycle dependent, you can deliver your gene to primary as well as transformed cell lines. Adenoviruses are ideal tools for protein production in mammali ...
Transcription Translation PowerPoint
... 1. The table shows the ____ ____. 2. Each group of three mRNA nucleotides (letters) is called a codon and codes for one ____ ____. 3. The letters within the table are abbreviations for ____ ____. 4. For example, the codon AGU codes for ____ and AUG codes for ____. 5. There are ____ (how many) differ ...
... 1. The table shows the ____ ____. 2. Each group of three mRNA nucleotides (letters) is called a codon and codes for one ____ ____. 3. The letters within the table are abbreviations for ____ ____. 4. For example, the codon AGU codes for ____ and AUG codes for ____. 5. There are ____ (how many) differ ...
Emerging Roles for Non-Coding RNAs in Male Reproductive
... A. thaliana and O. sativa pollen for a number of known and new microRNAs [15,21,24,25]. Intriguingly, the microRNA-triggered phased siRNAs reported from rice inflorescence and anther development do not appear to act on their targets through a mechanism of cleavage, and instead may downregulate targe ...
... A. thaliana and O. sativa pollen for a number of known and new microRNAs [15,21,24,25]. Intriguingly, the microRNA-triggered phased siRNAs reported from rice inflorescence and anther development do not appear to act on their targets through a mechanism of cleavage, and instead may downregulate targe ...
RNA Interference Regulates Gene Action
... oriented transgenes corresponding to viral sequences were much more resistant to viral challenge than plants carrying a transgene oriented in just one direction. This observation suggested that dsRNA produced in the plants carrying transgenes oriented in both directions might silence RNAs more effec ...
... oriented transgenes corresponding to viral sequences were much more resistant to viral challenge than plants carrying a transgene oriented in just one direction. This observation suggested that dsRNA produced in the plants carrying transgenes oriented in both directions might silence RNAs more effec ...
Chapter 11 Powerpoint
... • 2. All have a significant number of unusual bases made by altering normal base posttranscriptionally • 3. All have base sequences in one part of molecule that are complementary to those in other parts • 4. Thus, all fold in a similar way to form cloverleaf-like structure (in 2 dimensions) • 5. Ami ...
... • 2. All have a significant number of unusual bases made by altering normal base posttranscriptionally • 3. All have base sequences in one part of molecule that are complementary to those in other parts • 4. Thus, all fold in a similar way to form cloverleaf-like structure (in 2 dimensions) • 5. Ami ...
post-transcription
... triphosphate (cap) when RNA is only 25-30 bp long • Cap structure is recognized by CBC(cap-binding complex) ...
... triphosphate (cap) when RNA is only 25-30 bp long • Cap structure is recognized by CBC(cap-binding complex) ...
Press Release
... the proteins necessary for a cell to function – it is no longer required and is degraded. Scientists have long thought that the decay started after translation was complete and that decaying RNA molecules provided little biological information. Now a team from EMBL Heidelberg and Stanford University ...
... the proteins necessary for a cell to function – it is no longer required and is degraded. Scientists have long thought that the decay started after translation was complete and that decaying RNA molecules provided little biological information. Now a team from EMBL Heidelberg and Stanford University ...
Normalization of gene expression measurements in tumor tissues
... two or three candidate genes were compared.3,4,9–11 In the present study, we attempted to identify a single housekeeping gene that could replace the measurement of multiple genes. Therefore, expression patterns of 13 ordinarily used housekeeping genes were investigated in 80 epithelial tissue sample ...
... two or three candidate genes were compared.3,4,9–11 In the present study, we attempted to identify a single housekeeping gene that could replace the measurement of multiple genes. Therefore, expression patterns of 13 ordinarily used housekeeping genes were investigated in 80 epithelial tissue sample ...
p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA
... of p68 protein levels (Barta and Iggo 1995), again suggesting that this intron is functionally important. However, in mammalian tissues, there is no obvious positive, or negative, correlation between levels of intron-containing p68 RNA and p68 protein (Stevenson et al. 1998). Therefore, the function ...
... of p68 protein levels (Barta and Iggo 1995), again suggesting that this intron is functionally important. However, in mammalian tissues, there is no obvious positive, or negative, correlation between levels of intron-containing p68 RNA and p68 protein (Stevenson et al. 1998). Therefore, the function ...
Correlating mRNA and protein Abundance
... The challenge for computational biology is to provide methodologies for transforming high-throughput heterogeneous data sets into biological insights about the underlying mechanisms. Although highthroughput assays provide a global picture, the details are often noisy, hence conclusions should be sup ...
... The challenge for computational biology is to provide methodologies for transforming high-throughput heterogeneous data sets into biological insights about the underlying mechanisms. Although highthroughput assays provide a global picture, the details are often noisy, hence conclusions should be sup ...
CRS questions
... Source/Suggested Use: Exam or in class Notes: This question would be useful in a class discussion. It would help students see that introns are much less subject to selective pressure than exons generally. ...
... Source/Suggested Use: Exam or in class Notes: This question would be useful in a class discussion. It would help students see that introns are much less subject to selective pressure than exons generally. ...
CHEM642-07 Powerpoint
... the efficiency of each step and on the rates of degradation of the RNA and protein molecules. (A) In eucaryotic cells the RNA molecule produced by transcription alone (sometimes referred to as the primary transcript) would contain both coding (exon) and noncoding (intron) sequences. Before it can be ...
... the efficiency of each step and on the rates of degradation of the RNA and protein molecules. (A) In eucaryotic cells the RNA molecule produced by transcription alone (sometimes referred to as the primary transcript) would contain both coding (exon) and noncoding (intron) sequences. Before it can be ...
A dioxin sensitive gene, mammalian WAPL, is implicated in
... receptor nuclear translocator to form a complex that interacts with gene regulatory elements containing a xenobiotic response element (XRE) motif [6]. AhR mediates many of the TCDD-induced changes in gene expression. Many of the target genes responsible for the symptoms of toxicity, however, remain ...
... receptor nuclear translocator to form a complex that interacts with gene regulatory elements containing a xenobiotic response element (XRE) motif [6]. AhR mediates many of the TCDD-induced changes in gene expression. Many of the target genes responsible for the symptoms of toxicity, however, remain ...
26P PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY
... There are differences in the weights of these in different species of mammal. The chloroplasts of higher plants also contain a range of lowmolecular-weight RNA types, and a '5s' RNA that is distinct from the '5 s' RNA of the cytoplasm. (b) Ribosomal RNA tends to be degraded at specific points in the ...
... There are differences in the weights of these in different species of mammal. The chloroplasts of higher plants also contain a range of lowmolecular-weight RNA types, and a '5s' RNA that is distinct from the '5 s' RNA of the cytoplasm. (b) Ribosomal RNA tends to be degraded at specific points in the ...
Identification of C. elegans lin
... and pVT6G (a 3.5 kb insert). Probes from pVT2D (Figure 2), pVT1C, pVT6G, and an overlapping cosmid clone, C02B6 (data not shown), detected restriction fragment aberrations on southern blots of lin-4(e912) DNA, indicating that the e912 lesion must extend over several kb of DNA. We have not character ...
... and pVT6G (a 3.5 kb insert). Probes from pVT2D (Figure 2), pVT1C, pVT6G, and an overlapping cosmid clone, C02B6 (data not shown), detected restriction fragment aberrations on southern blots of lin-4(e912) DNA, indicating that the e912 lesion must extend over several kb of DNA. We have not character ...
Novel In Vitro Method for Screening Inhibitors of Protein Translation
... Figure 3. Evaluation of different mRNA configurations for screening inhibitors specific for cap-dependent and cap-independent translation in IVT. Panel A demonstrates expression of capped-TurboLuc luciferase (Tluc) mRNA in IVT. This format can be used to obtain identify inhibitors of cap-dependent t ...
... Figure 3. Evaluation of different mRNA configurations for screening inhibitors specific for cap-dependent and cap-independent translation in IVT. Panel A demonstrates expression of capped-TurboLuc luciferase (Tluc) mRNA in IVT. This format can be used to obtain identify inhibitors of cap-dependent t ...
MicroRNA
A micro RNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals, and some viruses, which functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Encoded by eukaryotic nuclear DNA in plants and animals and by viral DNA in certain viruses whose genome is based on DNA, miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. As a result, these mRNA molecules are silenced by one or more of the following processes: 1) cleavage of the mRNA strand into two pieces, 2) destabilization of the mRNA through shortening of its poly(A) tail, and 3) less efficient translation of the mRNA into proteins by ribosomes. miRNAs resemble the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, except miRNAs derive from regions of RNA transcripts that fold back on themselves to form short hairpins, whereas siRNAs derive from longer regions of double-stranded RNA. The human genome may encode over 1000 miRNAs, which are abundant in many mammalian cell types and appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals.miRNAs are well conserved in both plants and animals, and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation. While core components of the microRNA pathway are conserved between plants and animals, miRNA repertoires in the two kingdoms appear to have emerged independently with different primary modes of action. Plant miRNAs usually have near-perfect pairing with their mRNA targets, which induces gene repression through cleavage of the target transcripts. In contrast, animal miRNAs are able to recognize their target mRNAs by using as little as 6–8 nucleotides (the seed region) at the 5' end of the miRNA, which is not enough pairing to induce cleavage of the target mRNAs. Combinatorial regulation is a feature of miRNA regulation in animals. A given miRNA may have hundreds of different mRNA targets, and a given target might be regulated by multiple miRNAs.The first miRNA was discovered in the early 1990s. However, miRNAs were not recognized as a distinct class of biological regulators until the early 2000s. Since then, miRNA research has revealed different sets of miRNAs expressed in different cell types and tissuesand has revealed multiple roles for miRNAs in plant and animal development and in many other biological processes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in numerous disease states, and miRNA-based therapies are under investigation.Estimates of the average number of unique messenger RNAs that are targets for repression by a typical microRNA vary, depending on the method used to make the estimate, but several approaches show that mammalian miRNAs can have many unique targets. For example, an analysis of the miRNAs highly conserved in vertebrate animals shows that each of these miRNAs has, on average, roughly 400 conserved targets. Likewise, experiments show that a single miRNA can reduce the stability of hundreds of unique messenger RNAs, and other experiments show that a single miRNA may repress the production of hundreds of proteins, but that this repression often is relatively mild (less than 2-fold).