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Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology

... They differ in composition: The sugar in RNA is ribose, not the deoxyribose in DNA. The base uracil is present in RNA instead of thymine. They also differ in size and structure: RNA molecules are smaller (shorter) than DNA molecules, RNA is single-stranded, not double-stranded like DNA. Another diff ...
Promega Notes: Technically Speaking: Tips for Working with RNA
Promega Notes: Technically Speaking: Tips for Working with RNA

... phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, adequate extraction reagents for the amount and type of tissue used and proper pH for the extraction reagents. Commercial reagents are preferred because of the difficulty in making adequately pure and consistent reagents at the exact pH necessary to partition DNA ...
Protein synthesis ppt
Protein synthesis ppt

...  HIV and certain tumor viruses (called retroviruses) have RNA as their infectious information molecule; they convert it to a DNA copy inside the host cell and then use it to make more RNA. ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression

... suggests found in ribosomes which function to synthesise proteins Messenger RNA (mRNA) - This type of RNA specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein by triplet codon bases. The mRNA sequence is translated into a protein sequence. Transfer RNA (tRNA) - This RNA acts as an intermediate between ...
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication

... amino-acid, at the base of chain already formed, and the new amino-acid. The chain is shifted to new tRNA and Ribosome now moves one codon forward. These steps are repeated till the complete chain is synthesized. Termination is achieved by a releasing factor. It occupies the last codon, called termi ...
Carbon Compounds
Carbon Compounds

... I. Living things are made of carbon compounds A. Organic 1. All living things are considered organic compounds 2. Contains carbon & hydrogen atoms 3. DOES NOT MEAN that it is found in the organic section in the Supermarket ...
Glossary of Biotechnology Terms
Glossary of Biotechnology Terms

... accurate; however, they are easy to collect in large numbers. A database of EST's can be helpful for picking protein-coding sequences out of a long stretch of DNA, or for providing a larger context for very short sequences, such as the small pieces of protein sequence obtainable by mass spectrometry ...
DNA - hdueck
DNA - hdueck

... that form templates for protein making It codes for specific RNA bases for the making of specific proteins for the trait. ...
Top Ten Ways to Ensure Valid RNAi Data
Top Ten Ways to Ensure Valid RNAi Data

... single nucleotide mismatch in the middle of an siRNA can abolish its activity [1,2]. In contrast, another report indicates that siRNAs can silence non-target genes containing as few as 14–15 consecutive complementary nucleotides [3]. Therefore, until we reach a better understanding of siRNA specific ...
Poster in PDF format - Central Connecticut State University
Poster in PDF format - Central Connecticut State University

... potassium channel known as Slowpoke. The ultimate goal of this research is to utilize the knowledge gained on placement and function, as well as the relative frequencies of the editing sites, and use it to produce pesticides that act against agricultural pests and at the same time do no harm to the ...
Chapter 25: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 25: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

... chromosomes, made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins, contained genetic information. However, they did not know whether the DNA or the proteins was the actual genetic material. ...
Zebrafish Jeopardy
Zebrafish Jeopardy

... This term describes the relationship between two chromosomes that contain the same genes but different alleles. ...
practice making a protein from dna
practice making a protein from dna

... (Amino acids can be written as words or abbreviations like this: Arginine or Arg or R) It should look like MET - ARG - ... - ... - GLN STOP (but it will have other, different amino acids.). If you’ve done it correctly, there will be 6 amino acids, then a STOP codon. ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... Each of the 20 amino acids found in proteins is uniquely specified by one or more codons  The symbols used by the genetic code are the mRNA bases - Function as “letters” of the genetic alphabet - Genetic alphabet has only four “letters” (U, A, C, G)  Codons in the genetic code are all three bases ...
An Overview of Protein Synthesis
An Overview of Protein Synthesis

ѧýlÅ 16
ѧýlÅ 16

Origin of Life Homework Questions Solutions - kyoussef-mci
Origin of Life Homework Questions Solutions - kyoussef-mci

... Time frame: first eukaryotic cells appear approximately 2 billion years ago Conditions: formed by Endosymbiosis. This started with the development of internal membranes (i.e. infolding of prokaryotic plasma membrane, forming eukaryotic cells with ER, golgi, and nucleus). Eukaryotes developed the abi ...
Information Flow in Eukaryotes (PowerPoint) Madison 2008
Information Flow in Eukaryotes (PowerPoint) Madison 2008

terminal end
terminal end

... encoded on DNA is translated into protein via RNA during protein synthesis ...
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid

Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline
Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline

... Gene Regulation • Although mutations causing changes in protein can have important effects on behavior, most mutations are either silent or harmful • Usually it is a difference in gene expression that influences a behavior ...
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid

... A frame is a single series of adjacent nucleotide triplets in DNA or RNA: one frame would have bases at positions 1, 4, 7, etc. as the first base of sequential codons. There are 3 possible reading frames in an mRNA strand and six in a double stranded DNA molecule due to the two strands from which tr ...
Molecular Biology Unit Notes
Molecular Biology Unit Notes

... a. frameshift muatation- occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted/deleted is not a multiple of three causing missense ending in nonsense and premature termination 4. Mutagens- physical and chemical agents that interact with DNA causing mutations ...
Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis
Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis

... acid. Thus, the sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of mRNA, which then determines the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein. Depending on its sequence of amino acids, a protein may fold, twist, bend, pleat, coil, or otherwise contort itself until it assumes the three-dimensional ...
Reo
Reo

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RNA silencing

RNA silencing (associated with the concept of post-transcriptional gene silencing or RNA interference) refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which the expression of one or more genes is downregulated or entirely suppressed by non-coding RNAs, particularly small RNAs. It may also refer to the introduction of a synthetic antisense RNA molecule used in scientific experiments on gene expression. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing mechanisms are highly conserved in most eukaryotes. The most common and well-studied example is RNA interference (RNAi), in which endogenously expressed microRNA (miRNA) or exogenously derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the degradation of complementary messenger RNA. Other classes of small RNA have been identified, including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA).
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