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Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... • The YEps vectors are based on the high-copynumber 2µm plasmids. • The vectors replicate independently via a single origin of replication. • There are more than 30 copies per cell. • Selection scheme rely on mutant host strains that require a particular amino acid (histidine, tryptophan, or leucine ...
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... Figure 22.5: Insertion of the F1-ATPase gene into a plasmid. The gene encoding the motor is flanked by two restriction enzyme sites, BamHI and PstI. The plasmid pQE-30 contains a number of restriction sites, including BamHI and PstI and a gene encoding for ampicillin resistance (Ampicillin is a pot ...
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... cells and the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. • Metaphase II—The chromosomes, still made up of sister chromatids, are pulled to the center of the cell and line up randomly at the equator. • Anaphase II—Centromere of each chromosome splits, allowing sister chromatids to separate and move to ...
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... is discontinuously built into small Okazaki fragments during replication Lagging Strand ...
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... Reptiles have an incomplete septum and amphibians have none. So what we see in the vertebrates is that fish have a two chambered heart , amphibians have three, reptiles 3.5, and birds and mammals four. With this discovery, we note that the transition among these different hearts is really not as dif ...
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... which the code is “written”. E. Types of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) a. Encodes a protein b. refers to the “recipe copies” discussed above. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) a. A structural component of the cellular machinery that “reads” the code contained on a messenter RNA b. Does NOT encode a protein 3. T ...
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... All the reactions that keep an organism alive are collectively called the metabolism. A metabolic pathway is a series of reactions, each controlled by enzymes, which either synthesises or breaks down substances. Each enzyme is a protein coded for by a particular gene. If there is a fault in the gene ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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