Stochasticity in the Genotype-Phenotype Map
... ABSTRACT Nongenetic variation in phenotypes, or bet-hedging, has been observed as a driver of drug resistance in both bacterial infections and cancers. Here, we study how bet-hedging emerges in genotype–phenotype (GP) mapping through a simple interaction model: a molecular switch. We use simple chem ...
... ABSTRACT Nongenetic variation in phenotypes, or bet-hedging, has been observed as a driver of drug resistance in both bacterial infections and cancers. Here, we study how bet-hedging emerges in genotype–phenotype (GP) mapping through a simple interaction model: a molecular switch. We use simple chem ...
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... genome sequencing (WGS) or targeted enrichment using exome or gene panels. Copy number variation (CNV) of genomic segments is a large category of structural variation and has been implicated in many Mendelian diseases and complex traits. The impact of CNVs on gene expression is not limited to only t ...
... genome sequencing (WGS) or targeted enrichment using exome or gene panels. Copy number variation (CNV) of genomic segments is a large category of structural variation and has been implicated in many Mendelian diseases and complex traits. The impact of CNVs on gene expression is not limited to only t ...
Bacterial Gene Expression—Lac Operon
... • What is an operon? How is it different from a eukaryotic gene? • In the lac operon, what cellular or environmental conditions must exist in order for the (WT) lac operon to express its genes? How do these environmental conditions positively or negatively regulate the operon? • What are the differe ...
... • What is an operon? How is it different from a eukaryotic gene? • In the lac operon, what cellular or environmental conditions must exist in order for the (WT) lac operon to express its genes? How do these environmental conditions positively or negatively regulate the operon? • What are the differe ...
Phat—a gene finding program for Plasmodium falciparum
... exon state is composed of three parts— a pair of exon boundary state sites flanking a coding region. The possible exon boundary states are translation start, donor, acceptor and translation stop. The most direct way to understand the model is to consider how it generates data (though in practice it ...
... exon state is composed of three parts— a pair of exon boundary state sites flanking a coding region. The possible exon boundary states are translation start, donor, acceptor and translation stop. The most direct way to understand the model is to consider how it generates data (though in practice it ...
Lac Operon - Faculty Web Pages
... • What is an operon? How is it different from a eukaryotic gene? • In the lac operon, what cellular or environmental conditions must exist in order for the (WT) lac operon to express its genes? How do these environmental conditions positively or negatively regulate the operon? • What are the differe ...
... • What is an operon? How is it different from a eukaryotic gene? • In the lac operon, what cellular or environmental conditions must exist in order for the (WT) lac operon to express its genes? How do these environmental conditions positively or negatively regulate the operon? • What are the differe ...
Mutants of the Drosophila ncd microtubule motor
... The ncd motor functions in mitosis as well as meiosis, based on the observation of frequent mitotic chromosome loss in embryos of the null mutant (Sturtevant, 1929; Lewis and Gencarella, 1952). The effects of ncd on chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis are separated by the mutant, ncdD. Ooc ...
... The ncd motor functions in mitosis as well as meiosis, based on the observation of frequent mitotic chromosome loss in embryos of the null mutant (Sturtevant, 1929; Lewis and Gencarella, 1952). The effects of ncd on chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis are separated by the mutant, ncdD. Ooc ...
Simple Jeopardy
... • B use the highest magnification and the fine adjustment until the object is in focus • C use the fine adjustment and lowest power lens to focus the object and then switch to the highest power ...
... • B use the highest magnification and the fine adjustment until the object is in focus • C use the fine adjustment and lowest power lens to focus the object and then switch to the highest power ...
Ph+Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
... the Abl kinase domain that interfere with imatinib binding.(12) Two second generation Abl class TKIs have been developed to circumvent resistancedasatinib and nilotinib. Similar to imatinib, nilotinib (formerly termed AMN107) binds only to the Abl class, KIT, and platelet derived growth factor rece ...
... the Abl kinase domain that interfere with imatinib binding.(12) Two second generation Abl class TKIs have been developed to circumvent resistancedasatinib and nilotinib. Similar to imatinib, nilotinib (formerly termed AMN107) binds only to the Abl class, KIT, and platelet derived growth factor rece ...
From gene to protein in higher plant mitochondria
... RNA polymerases found in bacteria) and two nuclearencoded bacteriophage-type RNA polymerases (NEP) (i.e. enzymes having their sequence homologous to bacteriophage RNA polymerases). In contrast, transcription in higher plant mitochondria seems to be catalysed by at least two nuclear-encoded phage-typ ...
... RNA polymerases found in bacteria) and two nuclearencoded bacteriophage-type RNA polymerases (NEP) (i.e. enzymes having their sequence homologous to bacteriophage RNA polymerases). In contrast, transcription in higher plant mitochondria seems to be catalysed by at least two nuclear-encoded phage-typ ...
Full Text PDF - Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
... character of this mutant. According to statistical analysis, seed setting rate was 18.2%. The percentage of pollen fertility was 62.46%. The process of floral organ morphogenesis was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and genetic analysis indicated that mutant traits were co ...
... character of this mutant. According to statistical analysis, seed setting rate was 18.2%. The percentage of pollen fertility was 62.46%. The process of floral organ morphogenesis was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and genetic analysis indicated that mutant traits were co ...
Regulation of fatty acid transport and storage: influence of acylation
... dietary fat and redistribution to various tissues. Absorbed dietary lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons to distribute triglycerides either for storage in adipose tissue or for immediate use in muscle. Commonly, the dietary sources of fat exceed the actual needs and the tissues are faced with d ...
... dietary fat and redistribution to various tissues. Absorbed dietary lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons to distribute triglycerides either for storage in adipose tissue or for immediate use in muscle. Commonly, the dietary sources of fat exceed the actual needs and the tissues are faced with d ...
Analysis of mutant strains
... Looking at the pathway for Met biosynthesis in yeast on page 57, you may wonder how the gene numbers became associated with the various genes, since the numbers do not correspond to the positions of the reactions encoded by the MET gene products in the pathway. The numbering system reflects the disc ...
... Looking at the pathway for Met biosynthesis in yeast on page 57, you may wonder how the gene numbers became associated with the various genes, since the numbers do not correspond to the positions of the reactions encoded by the MET gene products in the pathway. The numbering system reflects the disc ...
Conservation and Variation in Human and Common Chimpanzee
... similar to CD94:NKG2A, but which generates activating signals within NK cells (22, 23). Human NKG2D is a homodimeric activating receptor that interacts with MHC class I-like chain A (24, 25), a MHC class I-like protein with considerable polymorphism, and with unique long binding proteins (ULBPs), ne ...
... similar to CD94:NKG2A, but which generates activating signals within NK cells (22, 23). Human NKG2D is a homodimeric activating receptor that interacts with MHC class I-like chain A (24, 25), a MHC class I-like protein with considerable polymorphism, and with unique long binding proteins (ULBPs), ne ...
Using dynamics-based comparisons to predict nucleic acid binding
... The goal of this study is to demonstrate this concept using as a model system the OB-fold, a well-characterized nucleic acid binding motif for which several structures are available in the PDB database in both their free and bound forms. Most commonly, the OB-fold consists of a closed barrel formed ...
... The goal of this study is to demonstrate this concept using as a model system the OB-fold, a well-characterized nucleic acid binding motif for which several structures are available in the PDB database in both their free and bound forms. Most commonly, the OB-fold consists of a closed barrel formed ...
Biomolecular Structures and Modeling
... 1. Questions Based on the RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month Go to the Molecule of the Month Article at the RCSB PPDB or PDB-101 websites (www.rcsb.org or http://pdb101.rcsb.org/ respectively). Read the article and respond to the following questions. *If there are 3 or more different proteins discussed ...
... 1. Questions Based on the RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month Go to the Molecule of the Month Article at the RCSB PPDB or PDB-101 websites (www.rcsb.org or http://pdb101.rcsb.org/ respectively). Read the article and respond to the following questions. *If there are 3 or more different proteins discussed ...
BIO337_Phenologs_Spring2014
... Summary of the major themes • Genetic traits and diseases often arise from perturbing any one (or more) of a set or module of genes, e.g. components of the same pathway or protein complex • Pathways and complexes can be deeply evolutionarily conserved, often more deeply than the diseases or traits ...
... Summary of the major themes • Genetic traits and diseases often arise from perturbing any one (or more) of a set or module of genes, e.g. components of the same pathway or protein complex • Pathways and complexes can be deeply evolutionarily conserved, often more deeply than the diseases or traits ...
Gene Section ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... from heterochromatin, and heterochromatic disruption. dATF2 regulates heterochromatin formation. ATF2 may be involved in the epigenetic silencing of target genes in euchromatin. The stress-induced ATF2dependent epigenetic change was maintained over generations, suggesting a mechanism by which the ef ...
... from heterochromatin, and heterochromatic disruption. dATF2 regulates heterochromatin formation. ATF2 may be involved in the epigenetic silencing of target genes in euchromatin. The stress-induced ATF2dependent epigenetic change was maintained over generations, suggesting a mechanism by which the ef ...
The Adaptor Complex AP-4 Regulates Vacuolar
... gene, which encodes the b-subunit of the AP-4 complex (AP4B; Fig. 2A). The mutations gfs5-1 and gfs5-2 were identified in the At4g24550 gene, which encodes the m-subunit of the AP-4 complex (AP4M; Fig. 2A). The gfs6-1 mutant has a nucleotide substitution at the splicing donor site in the At2g19790 ge ...
... gene, which encodes the b-subunit of the AP-4 complex (AP4B; Fig. 2A). The mutations gfs5-1 and gfs5-2 were identified in the At4g24550 gene, which encodes the m-subunit of the AP-4 complex (AP4M; Fig. 2A). The gfs6-1 mutant has a nucleotide substitution at the splicing donor site in the At2g19790 ge ...
Hypergraph and protein function prediction with gene expression data
... problem. Hence this assumption can be interpreted as pairs of genes showing a similar pattern of expression and thus sharing edges in a gene co-expression network tend to have similar function. However, assuming the pairwise relationship between proteins or genes is not complete, the information a g ...
... problem. Hence this assumption can be interpreted as pairs of genes showing a similar pattern of expression and thus sharing edges in a gene co-expression network tend to have similar function. However, assuming the pairwise relationship between proteins or genes is not complete, the information a g ...
Julio`s MCB - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... the Mfrn genes, we utilized genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) datasets for the major erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. We identified the CRMs that faithfully drive the expression of Mfrn1 during blood and heart development and Mfrn2 ubiquitously. Through in vivo analyses of the M ...
... the Mfrn genes, we utilized genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) datasets for the major erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. We identified the CRMs that faithfully drive the expression of Mfrn1 during blood and heart development and Mfrn2 ubiquitously. Through in vivo analyses of the M ...
Why Mitochondrial Genes are Most Often Found in Nuclei
... a primary pathway for the uptake of mitochondrial sequences by the nucleus may be provided by autophagy of mitochondria in cellular vacuoles (lysosomes). Here, nucleic acid fragments liberated during the destruction of mitochondria could provide intermediates for sequence transfer to nuclei. Most im ...
... a primary pathway for the uptake of mitochondrial sequences by the nucleus may be provided by autophagy of mitochondria in cellular vacuoles (lysosomes). Here, nucleic acid fragments liberated during the destruction of mitochondria could provide intermediates for sequence transfer to nuclei. Most im ...
Spr01Final Exam Answer Key
... How does phage λ regulate the expression of these genes such that int and xis are only expressed at the proper time? (4pts) Before integratation, the transcripts from pL containing int and xis are degraded because they also contain the RNaseIII degradation signal. Only transcripts from pI, which con ...
... How does phage λ regulate the expression of these genes such that int and xis are only expressed at the proper time? (4pts) Before integratation, the transcripts from pL containing int and xis are degraded because they also contain the RNaseIII degradation signal. Only transcripts from pI, which con ...
Chapter 15 - HCC Learning Web
... Activity of the SRY gene triggers a cascade of biochemical, physiological, and anatomical features because it regulates many other genes. Other genes on the Y chromosome are necessary for the production of functional sperm. In the absence of these genes, an XY individual is male but does not p ...
... Activity of the SRY gene triggers a cascade of biochemical, physiological, and anatomical features because it regulates many other genes. Other genes on the Y chromosome are necessary for the production of functional sperm. In the absence of these genes, an XY individual is male but does not p ...