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Advances in Environmental Biology  Zahra Maryami, Arash Fazeli, Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi
Advances in Environmental Biology Zahra Maryami, Arash Fazeli, Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi

... The main component in wheat flour is starch, which is formed of two type’s glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin [1,2], amylose is the linear amylose (23-35%) and amylopectin is the highly branched amylopectin (68-75%) to the total starch [3]. The ratio of polymers is important as it affects pro ...
Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness
Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness

... Owing to the double-helical structure of DNA, the nucleotide in one DNA strand has a complementary nucleotide in the opposite strand. The two are held together, in nucleotide or base pairs (bp), by weak hydrogen bonds. Adenine (A) conjoins with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C); no other ...
Definitions for annotating CDS sequences
Definitions for annotating CDS sequences

... might have been accidentally altered during the cloning process (e.g. PCR primer). For example, sequencing would be advised to detect possible mutations due to PCR errors in the 5’ sequence of a Gateway cloning vector, because such mutations could insert 5’ stop codons or prevent subsequent Gateway ...
The Role of Six1 in the Genesis of Muscle Cell and Skeletal Muscle
The Role of Six1 in the Genesis of Muscle Cell and Skeletal Muscle

... between Six1 and Pax3 [9, 47]. Although great progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the genesis of muscle progenitors, more detail about these regulatory pathways remains to be identified. Pax3 plays a pivotal role in the delamination and migration of muscle progenitors a ...
Microbial Ecology: Where are we now?
Microbial Ecology: Where are we now?

... to efficiently and selectively capture target DNA, using either primers or probes each of which have been demonstrated to have unique NGS application. Target enrichment techniques are evaluated in terms of multiplexity, specificity, uniformity, drop-off rate and reproducibility. The above-mentioned ...
Chapter 2 Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 2 Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 2 Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 2 Patterns of Inheritance

... of the pair and the other half of the gametes carry the other member of the pair. Now we need to introduce some more terms. The individuals represented by A /a are called heterozygotes or, sometimes, hybrids, whereas the individuals in pure lines are called homozygotes. In such words, hetero- means ...
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Reactome Functional Interaction (FI) Network

Human Genetics - Chapter 12
Human Genetics - Chapter 12

... Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE

... was analyzed (data not shown). The recombination event were identified among analyzed sequences. The analysis revealed that isolates China 2 and China 17 (AJ51590 and AJ515911, respectively) are recombinants probably between Korean and Australian isolates (Korea 1 and Australia 3). The predicted rec ...
Gene Section HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain))
Gene Section HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain))

... Figure 2. HRK gene and promoter structure. A. Structure of the HRK gene. The structure of the human and rat HRK genes is shown. The HRK gene consists of two exons separated by a large intron. The transcriptional start site is indicated as +1 (see panel B for DNA sequence). Exon 1 contains the HRK op ...
Sequential Elimination of Major-Effect Contributors Identifies
Sequential Elimination of Major-Effect Contributors Identifies

Nixon Evidence
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... Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) i ...
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of

... Two separate cladistic analyses were performed using the entire informative data set in which the weighted characters were given the extra weight of 4 and then 8, respectively. Extra weight was given to 20 of the 59 phylogenetically informative characters.These weighted characters included all infor ...
Chapter Fifteen: The Genetic Code and Translation
Chapter Fifteen: The Genetic Code and Translation

... 12. Give several examples of RNA-RNA interactions that take place in protein synthesis. Several RNA-RNA interactions that take place during protein synthesis are important. The tRNA molecules form base pairs with codons on the mRNA. The 3' end of the 16S rRNA within the small ribosomal subunit forms ...
Basic reading, writing and informatics skills for biomedical research
Basic reading, writing and informatics skills for biomedical research

... • An inverted index is an index data structure storing a mapping from content, such as words or numbers, to its locations in a database file, or in a document or a set of documents, in this case allowing full text search. • There are two main variants of inverted indexes: – A record level inverted i ...
Article The Pseudoautosomal Regions of the U/V Sex
Article The Pseudoautosomal Regions of the U/V Sex

... due to their being genetically linked to the nonrecombining, sex-determining region. This phenomenon is expected to occur in both diploid (XY, ZW) and haploid (UV) sexual systems, with slightly different consequences for UV sexual systems because of the absence of masking during the haploid phase (w ...
1 Depleting gene activities in early Drosophila embryos
1 Depleting gene activities in early Drosophila embryos

... D-raf mutant offspring derived from heterozygous females die during larval-pupal development. However, embryos derived from D-raf mutant GLCs exhibit two classes of phenotypes: embryos that receive a wild type (WT) paternal copy display a “terminal class” phenotype, with the acron and telson missing ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  Energy and protein exceed needs  Carbohydrate intake is adequate  Can contribute to weight gain ...
fulltext
fulltext

... UCSC browser (www.genome.ucsc.edu/). To be functional, a causative mutation within a gene usually changes a well conserved amino acid, deletes an exon(s) or generates a stop codon. Within regulatory regions functional mutations can be of several types14; single base pair mutations or insertion/delet ...
Chapter 4: EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
Chapter 4: EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE

... that obey two laws: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. Until now, we have mainly considered traits that are affected by a single gene that is found in two different alleles. In these cases, one allele is dominant over the other. This type of inheritance is sometimes called ...
Missouri Western State University
Missouri Western State University

... first and second, second and third, all three. • The following slide shows Northern Hemisphere of the 2-spatula burnt pancake graph on a globe. ...
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep

... with fertility so that breeding can include genotypic information from animals. This will increase the genetic improvements in reproduction traits since it will be easier to collect data and information of the animal’s traits. Focusing of development of fertility traits will have a long term effect ...
the association of chloroplast dna with photosynthetic membrane
the association of chloroplast dna with photosynthetic membrane

... The chloroplast vesicles can be fixed and processed gently with minimal manipulation for light-microscope autoradiography. When the vesicles dry down on to the slide only the grana rich regions can be readily visualized and the stroma appears clear. Observations indicate that the grana rich regions ...
The RNA world meets behavior: AfiI pre
The RNA world meets behavior: AfiI pre

... is greatly reduced in certain edited forms7,8. Editing can even regulate splicing. In the case of the gene encoding ADAR2 in mammals, editing by ADAR2 of its own premRNA creates a splice acceptor site, leading to a splice form that is poorly expressed and introduces a different starting methionine i ...
A fost luat în studiu caracterul multifoliolar deoarece acest caracter
A fost luat în studiu caracterul multifoliolar deoarece acest caracter

... amplified the same fragments. No molecular markers linked with the interest trait was identified. The most recent data suggest that the leaf architecture could be a result of some gene overexpression and in this case the identification of a gene responsible for this trait it is not possible. ...
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Therapeutic gene modulation

Therapeutic gene modulation refers to the practice of altering the expression of a gene at one of various stages, with a view to alleviate some form of ailment. It differs from gene therapy in that gene modulation seeks to alter the expression of an endogenous gene (perhaps through the introduction of a gene encoding a novel modulatory protein) whereas gene therapy concerns the introduction of a gene whose product aids the recipient directly.Modulation of gene expression can be mediated at the level of transcription by DNA-binding agents (which may be artificial transcription factors), small molecules, or synthetic oligonucleotides. It may also be mediated post-transcriptionally through RNA interference.
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