Induction of the hair growth phase in postnatal mice by localized
... Induction of hair follicle growth and melanogenesis after intradermal administration of AdShh. AdShh, AdNull, or PBS was administered to the dorsal skin of postnatal day 19 C57BL/6 mice as in Figure 1c, and analyses were performed on postnatal day 26. (a) Histologic evaluation 7 days after vector ad ...
... Induction of hair follicle growth and melanogenesis after intradermal administration of AdShh. AdShh, AdNull, or PBS was administered to the dorsal skin of postnatal day 19 C57BL/6 mice as in Figure 1c, and analyses were performed on postnatal day 26. (a) Histologic evaluation 7 days after vector ad ...
Genotype C of hepatitis B virus can be classified into at least two
... genome sequences (10 in this study and 33 from database entries) were also analysed. Nucleotide sequences were multiple-aligned using GENETYX for Windows version 6.0 software (Genetyx) and corrected manually by visual inspection. Genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura two-parameter metho ...
... genome sequences (10 in this study and 33 from database entries) were also analysed. Nucleotide sequences were multiple-aligned using GENETYX for Windows version 6.0 software (Genetyx) and corrected manually by visual inspection. Genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura two-parameter metho ...
SARS Outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of
... female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • Meiosis: A process for cell division from diploid to haploid (2n n) (two biological advantages: maintaining chromosome number unchanged and crossing over between different genes) • Crossover: The interchange of sections between pairing homologo ...
... female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • Meiosis: A process for cell division from diploid to haploid (2n n) (two biological advantages: maintaining chromosome number unchanged and crossing over between different genes) • Crossover: The interchange of sections between pairing homologo ...
user guide here
... Compression is further achieved by joining contiguous non-variant regions with similar properties into single ‘block’ VCF records. To maximize the utility of gVCF, especially for high stringency applications, the properties of the compressed blocks are conservative -thus block properties like depth ...
... Compression is further achieved by joining contiguous non-variant regions with similar properties into single ‘block’ VCF records. To maximize the utility of gVCF, especially for high stringency applications, the properties of the compressed blocks are conservative -thus block properties like depth ...
Number 48, 2001 35
... the premeiotic phase of the sexual cycle (Selker 1990, Annu. Rev. Genet. 24:597-613) offers a reasonable explanation for this phenomenon. Segmental duplications typically cover 10-50% of a chromosome and will include several essential genes. Selker proposed that the impaired fertility of such crosse ...
... the premeiotic phase of the sexual cycle (Selker 1990, Annu. Rev. Genet. 24:597-613) offers a reasonable explanation for this phenomenon. Segmental duplications typically cover 10-50% of a chromosome and will include several essential genes. Selker proposed that the impaired fertility of such crosse ...
A Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 mutant
... Table 2. We chose to delete four clusters containing a total of 13 active effector genes (Figure 1). These clusters encode four of the effectors with some capacity to elicit cell death in N. benthamiana. Cluster II contains hopH1 and hopC1. Both effectors appear to be robustly produced in DC3000 (Ch ...
... Table 2. We chose to delete four clusters containing a total of 13 active effector genes (Figure 1). These clusters encode four of the effectors with some capacity to elicit cell death in N. benthamiana. Cluster II contains hopH1 and hopC1. Both effectors appear to be robustly produced in DC3000 (Ch ...
Sex-specific Trans-regulatory Variation on the Drosophila melanogaster X Chromosome
... In support of classic theory we find that genetic variants influencing gene expression far from where they are located in the genome (trans-acting) are depleted on the X chromosome. Trans-acting genetic variants with a larger effect in females than in males do, however, depart from this pattern. All ...
... In support of classic theory we find that genetic variants influencing gene expression far from where they are located in the genome (trans-acting) are depleted on the X chromosome. Trans-acting genetic variants with a larger effect in females than in males do, however, depart from this pattern. All ...
PDF
... We generated a 5 kb deficiency in tio (tioS21) (supplementary material Fig. S1) by imprecise excision of the P-element tio-Gal4A4 (Tang and Sun, 2002). We then mobilised a w+ P-element in a tioS21 mutant background and screened for potential new insertions at the tsh locus using the characteristic ‘ ...
... We generated a 5 kb deficiency in tio (tioS21) (supplementary material Fig. S1) by imprecise excision of the P-element tio-Gal4A4 (Tang and Sun, 2002). We then mobilised a w+ P-element in a tioS21 mutant background and screened for potential new insertions at the tsh locus using the characteristic ‘ ...
invited review
... Wright, Ernest M. Renal Na⫹-glucose cotransporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 280: F10–F18, 2001.—In humans, the kidneys filter ⬃180 g of D-glucose from plasma each day, and this is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. Although the mechanism of reabsorption is well understood, Na⫹-glucose c ...
... Wright, Ernest M. Renal Na⫹-glucose cotransporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 280: F10–F18, 2001.—In humans, the kidneys filter ⬃180 g of D-glucose from plasma each day, and this is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. Although the mechanism of reabsorption is well understood, Na⫹-glucose c ...
BT314 Virology
... DNA; so experts concluded that the skeleton was almost certainly that of Tsar Nicholas. The finding remained controversial, however, until July 1994, when the body of Nicholas’s younger brother Georgij, who died in 1899, was exhumed. Mitochondrial DNA from Georgij also contained both C and T at the ...
... DNA; so experts concluded that the skeleton was almost certainly that of Tsar Nicholas. The finding remained controversial, however, until July 1994, when the body of Nicholas’s younger brother Georgij, who died in 1899, was exhumed. Mitochondrial DNA from Georgij also contained both C and T at the ...
Introduction to Genetics
... DNA; so experts concluded that the skeleton was almost certainly that of Tsar Nicholas. The finding remained controversial, however, until July 1994, when the body of Nicholas’s younger brother Georgij, who died in 1899, was exhumed. Mitochondrial DNA from Georgij also contained both C and T at the ...
... DNA; so experts concluded that the skeleton was almost certainly that of Tsar Nicholas. The finding remained controversial, however, until July 1994, when the body of Nicholas’s younger brother Georgij, who died in 1899, was exhumed. Mitochondrial DNA from Georgij also contained both C and T at the ...
molecular genetics of tibial muscular dystrophy (tmd) and - E
... reclassification of these disorders based on molecular genetics. Pathogenetic mechanisms and details of the muscle cell structure and function have been studied both at the molecular and cellular level. However, many questions remain to be answered. One of the most intriguing is the molecular backgr ...
... reclassification of these disorders based on molecular genetics. Pathogenetic mechanisms and details of the muscle cell structure and function have been studied both at the molecular and cellular level. However, many questions remain to be answered. One of the most intriguing is the molecular backgr ...
"RNA Interference in Caenorhabditis elegans".
... specified by a total of only 1000 somatic cells. Due to the highly stereotyped celldivision patterns, the origins and fates of each cell in the embryo and adult are known (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; Sulston et al., 1983). Consequently, perturbations of the developmental program can be traced to cha ...
... specified by a total of only 1000 somatic cells. Due to the highly stereotyped celldivision patterns, the origins and fates of each cell in the embryo and adult are known (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; Sulston et al., 1983). Consequently, perturbations of the developmental program can be traced to cha ...
Recruitment of CRABS CLAW to promote nectary development
... stamens. Thus, Fahn (Fahn, 1953) argued that there is a trend in nectary position within flowers, shifting from peripheral perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angi ...
... stamens. Thus, Fahn (Fahn, 1953) argued that there is a trend in nectary position within flowers, shifting from peripheral perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angi ...
LATHYROIDES, encoding a WUSCHEL
... flower bore slightly narrower keeled lateral and ventral petals (Figure 5B-5D). In contrast, the lath lst double mutant showed an unexpected phenotype in that the dorsal petal of the double mutant bore partially developed blade, and was somewhat similar to the lst single mutant (Figure 1B; Supplemen ...
... flower bore slightly narrower keeled lateral and ventral petals (Figure 5B-5D). In contrast, the lath lst double mutant showed an unexpected phenotype in that the dorsal petal of the double mutant bore partially developed blade, and was somewhat similar to the lst single mutant (Figure 1B; Supplemen ...
SARS Outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore
... female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • Meiosis: A process for cell division from diploid to haploid (2n n) (two biological advantages: maintaining chromosome number unchanged and crossing over between different genes) • Crossover: The interchange of sections between pairing homologo ...
... female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • Meiosis: A process for cell division from diploid to haploid (2n n) (two biological advantages: maintaining chromosome number unchanged and crossing over between different genes) • Crossover: The interchange of sections between pairing homologo ...
Studies on the Mechanisms of Homolog Pairing and Sister
... Cohesin is a multi-subunit complex containing at least four conserved proteins: SMC1, SMC3, SCC1 (Also known as MCD1 or RAD21) and SCC3 (also known as SA in vertebrate cells) from yeast to human. SMC1 and SMC3 are members of Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins, a superfamily that ha ...
... Cohesin is a multi-subunit complex containing at least four conserved proteins: SMC1, SMC3, SCC1 (Also known as MCD1 or RAD21) and SCC3 (also known as SA in vertebrate cells) from yeast to human. SMC1 and SMC3 are members of Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins, a superfamily that ha ...
1 FRQ-interacting RNA Helicase (FRH) Mediates Negative and
... for the feedback loop, and the model of the core oscillator as a single negative feedback loop (Crosthwaite et al. 1997). Later work established that FRQ actually binds to and inhibits the activity of its own transcription activators, the WCC (Cheng et al. 2001a; Denault et al. 2001; Froehlich et a ...
... for the feedback loop, and the model of the core oscillator as a single negative feedback loop (Crosthwaite et al. 1997). Later work established that FRQ actually binds to and inhibits the activity of its own transcription activators, the WCC (Cheng et al. 2001a; Denault et al. 2001; Froehlich et a ...
Imprinting in the endosperm: a possible role in preventing wide
... reserves to the developing embryo. Interestingly, many aspects of endosperm development, again like the placenta, are regulated by a range of epigenetic mechanisms that are globally termed imprinting. Imprinted genes are characterized by their uniparental expression, the other parental allele being ...
... reserves to the developing embryo. Interestingly, many aspects of endosperm development, again like the placenta, are regulated by a range of epigenetic mechanisms that are globally termed imprinting. Imprinted genes are characterized by their uniparental expression, the other parental allele being ...
Valpromide Inhibits Lytic Cycle Reactivation of Epstein
... ABSTRACT Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latency into the lytic phase of its life cycle allows the virus to spread among cells and between hosts. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits initiation of the lytic cycle in EBV-infected B lymphoma cells. While VPA blocks viral lytic gene expression, i ...
... ABSTRACT Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latency into the lytic phase of its life cycle allows the virus to spread among cells and between hosts. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits initiation of the lytic cycle in EBV-infected B lymphoma cells. While VPA blocks viral lytic gene expression, i ...
The Nodal Pathway Acts Upstream of Hedgehog
... 1995). Both nk2.1 genes are therefore induced in proximity to cells expressing components of both the Hh and Nodal signaling pathways. Analysis of nk2.1a and nk2.1b expression at postepiboly stages revealed that nk2.1a is expressed exclusively in the ventral diencephalon (hypothalamus), while nk2.1b ...
... 1995). Both nk2.1 genes are therefore induced in proximity to cells expressing components of both the Hh and Nodal signaling pathways. Analysis of nk2.1a and nk2.1b expression at postepiboly stages revealed that nk2.1a is expressed exclusively in the ventral diencephalon (hypothalamus), while nk2.1b ...
Designing synthetic MLPA probes - MRC
... accession number. A good overview of the various transcript variants of a gene can be obtained on the Entrez Gene website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene. For exon numbering, which cannot be found in NM_sequences anymore, look for corresponding NG_sequence here: http://www.ncbi.nlm ...
... accession number. A good overview of the various transcript variants of a gene can be obtained on the Entrez Gene website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene. For exon numbering, which cannot be found in NM_sequences anymore, look for corresponding NG_sequence here: http://www.ncbi.nlm ...
Polymorphisms in Multiple Genes Contribute to the
... may reduce the petite frequency. Moreover, two independent transformants for each single replacement were analyzed and found to behave similarly. Proper allele replacements were sequence verified. PCR and sequencing primers are listed in Table S1. The single-allelic replacement strains were all of t ...
... may reduce the petite frequency. Moreover, two independent transformants for each single replacement were analyzed and found to behave similarly. Proper allele replacements were sequence verified. PCR and sequencing primers are listed in Table S1. The single-allelic replacement strains were all of t ...
Getting Started With Gel Electrophoresis
... The gel used in electrophoresis is made of a solution of agarose, a polysaccharide obtained from red algae. When dissolved in hot water and allowed to cool, the solution turns into a gel because long agarose molecules hydrogen bond together, creating a large, threedimensional network trapping the wa ...
... The gel used in electrophoresis is made of a solution of agarose, a polysaccharide obtained from red algae. When dissolved in hot water and allowed to cool, the solution turns into a gel because long agarose molecules hydrogen bond together, creating a large, threedimensional network trapping the wa ...
Biology 30 January 2000 Diploma Examination and Key
... Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Yaws, bejel, and syphilis are three diseases known to be caused by strains of bacteria in the genus Treponema. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, whereas yaws and bejel are not sexually transmitted. Studies of 800-year-old to ...
... Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Yaws, bejel, and syphilis are three diseases known to be caused by strains of bacteria in the genus Treponema. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, whereas yaws and bejel are not sexually transmitted. Studies of 800-year-old to ...