1 X chromosome crossover formation and genome stability in
... germ cells in most metazoans also intentionally create double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote DNA exchange between parental chromosomes, a process known as crossing over. Homologous recombination is employed in the repair of both genotoxic lesions and programmed DSBs and many of the core DNA repair ...
... germ cells in most metazoans also intentionally create double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote DNA exchange between parental chromosomes, a process known as crossing over. Homologous recombination is employed in the repair of both genotoxic lesions and programmed DSBs and many of the core DNA repair ...
Origin and evolution of the slime molds (Mycetozoa)
... and b-tubulin trees place them together as a single coherent (monophyletic) group, closely related to the animal–fungal clade. We have sequenced the elongation factor-1a genes from one member of each division of the Mycetozoa, including Dictyostelium discoideum, for which cDNA sequences were previou ...
... and b-tubulin trees place them together as a single coherent (monophyletic) group, closely related to the animal–fungal clade. We have sequenced the elongation factor-1a genes from one member of each division of the Mycetozoa, including Dictyostelium discoideum, for which cDNA sequences were previou ...
DNA - CS.Duke
... sticky ends as described below. In the simulation there’s no difference between a blunt and sticky end, and we’ll use a single strand of DNA in the simulation rather than the double-‐helix/dou ...
... sticky ends as described below. In the simulation there’s no difference between a blunt and sticky end, and we’ll use a single strand of DNA in the simulation rather than the double-‐helix/dou ...
Sperm Cell in ART
... development. Through evolution protamines have increased the number of positively charged residues. These positively charged residues create highly condensed complex with DNA. The protamine 1 is synthesized as a mature protein and protamine 2 as a precursor and protamine 1 and 2 differ from each oth ...
... development. Through evolution protamines have increased the number of positively charged residues. These positively charged residues create highly condensed complex with DNA. The protamine 1 is synthesized as a mature protein and protamine 2 as a precursor and protamine 1 and 2 differ from each oth ...
Applications of Bioinformatics and Genomics/Proteomics
... Homework time policy: Each homework assignment must be returned in ten days by noon. (For example, for a Wednesday class this homework must be returned via e-mail next Saturday by noon) Absolutely NO excuse for a late homework return (automatic 0 points). Several EXTRA assignments will be available ...
... Homework time policy: Each homework assignment must be returned in ten days by noon. (For example, for a Wednesday class this homework must be returned via e-mail next Saturday by noon) Absolutely NO excuse for a late homework return (automatic 0 points). Several EXTRA assignments will be available ...
Deconstructing the Genome: DNA at High Resolution
... ability to carry oxygen. This ability, in turn, derives from billions of red blood cells suspended in proteinaceous solution, each one packed with close to 280 million copies of the protein pigment known as hemoglobin (Fig. 9.1a). The hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tiss ...
... ability to carry oxygen. This ability, in turn, derives from billions of red blood cells suspended in proteinaceous solution, each one packed with close to 280 million copies of the protein pigment known as hemoglobin (Fig. 9.1a). The hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tiss ...
special - Microbiology
... To address this question, high-copy-number plasmids that contained either afsR or afsS were made and both were shown to be capable of stimulating Act production in both S. coelicolor and S.lividans; however, the degree of stimulation mediated by afxR was significantly greater than that produced by a ...
... To address this question, high-copy-number plasmids that contained either afsR or afsS were made and both were shown to be capable of stimulating Act production in both S. coelicolor and S.lividans; however, the degree of stimulation mediated by afxR was significantly greater than that produced by a ...
Stage-specific expressions of four different ribonuclease H genes in
... compared to its human host. The ubiquitous enzyme ribonuclease H (RNase H, EC 3.1.26.4) cleaves the RNA from a RNA:DNA duplex and is critical for the replication of DNA in the nucleus and the mitochondria. We have characterized four RNase H genes from Leishmania: one is of type I (LRNase HI) and thr ...
... compared to its human host. The ubiquitous enzyme ribonuclease H (RNase H, EC 3.1.26.4) cleaves the RNA from a RNA:DNA duplex and is critical for the replication of DNA in the nucleus and the mitochondria. We have characterized four RNase H genes from Leishmania: one is of type I (LRNase HI) and thr ...
1 Characteristics of Life
... live in the ocean, or the Paramecium, shown in Figure 1.3, are unicellular, made of just one cell. Other organisms have millions, billions, or trillions of cells. All cells have at least some structures in common, such as ribosomes, which are the sites where proteins are made. All cells also have DN ...
... live in the ocean, or the Paramecium, shown in Figure 1.3, are unicellular, made of just one cell. Other organisms have millions, billions, or trillions of cells. All cells have at least some structures in common, such as ribosomes, which are the sites where proteins are made. All cells also have DN ...
The chromatin remodelling factor Brg1 interacts with catenin to
... Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP is known to function as a transcriptional coactivator by connecting a variety of transcription factors to the basal transcription machinery and may alter local chromatin structure via its histone acetylase (HAT) activity to increase access of other transcription factors ...
... Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP is known to function as a transcriptional coactivator by connecting a variety of transcription factors to the basal transcription machinery and may alter local chromatin structure via its histone acetylase (HAT) activity to increase access of other transcription factors ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Production for Unnatural Amino Acid
... acids. Unnatural amino acids are not found in natural biological proteins; they are synthesized artificially to possess useful properties which are then conferred upon any protein made with them. However, current methods for incorporating unnatural amino acids do not allow incorporation of more than ...
... acids. Unnatural amino acids are not found in natural biological proteins; they are synthesized artificially to possess useful properties which are then conferred upon any protein made with them. However, current methods for incorporating unnatural amino acids do not allow incorporation of more than ...
Protocol for Real-Time RT-PCR - MGH-PGA
... specific amplicon. On the other hand, for short amplicons (< 150 bp) very weak (and fussy) bands migrating ahead of the major specific bands are sometimes observed on agarose gel. These weak bands are super-structured or single-stranded version of the specific amplicons in equilibrium state and the ...
... specific amplicon. On the other hand, for short amplicons (< 150 bp) very weak (and fussy) bands migrating ahead of the major specific bands are sometimes observed on agarose gel. These weak bands are super-structured or single-stranded version of the specific amplicons in equilibrium state and the ...
NOCARDIA sp. INDONESIAN VOLCANIC SOIL DESAK GEDE SRI ANDAYANI , ELIN YULINAH SUKANDAR
... only specific bacteria can survive on environment containing selenium. The mechanism of resistance is due presence of genes that encode proteins so that it can bind to the compound selenium and converted into complex selenium-proteins are not toxic. Seleniumprotein complexes can be used as a compone ...
... only specific bacteria can survive on environment containing selenium. The mechanism of resistance is due presence of genes that encode proteins so that it can bind to the compound selenium and converted into complex selenium-proteins are not toxic. Seleniumprotein complexes can be used as a compone ...
カイコの油蚕変異体に関する
... by white eggs and eyes and translucent larval skin, results from a single base deletion in an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene. In addition, an amino acid transporter is responsible for the os (sex-linked translucent) mutant (Kiuchi et al., 2011). These findings indicate that membrane tra ...
... by white eggs and eyes and translucent larval skin, results from a single base deletion in an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene. In addition, an amino acid transporter is responsible for the os (sex-linked translucent) mutant (Kiuchi et al., 2011). These findings indicate that membrane tra ...
RESEARCH ARTICLES
... exponentially from these early studies. The ability to rapidly digitize genomic information has increased by more than eight orders of magnitude over the past 25 years (3). Efforts to understand all this new genomic information have spawned numerous new computational and experimental paradigms, yet ...
... exponentially from these early studies. The ability to rapidly digitize genomic information has increased by more than eight orders of magnitude over the past 25 years (3). Efforts to understand all this new genomic information have spawned numerous new computational and experimental paradigms, yet ...
Document
... that RNAs transcribed from most eukaryotic genes undergo a variety of processing events, that convert RNA precursors into mature RNAs ready for translation. For example, the splicing process removes extended stretches of the nucleotide sequences called introns from an RNA precursor such that only th ...
... that RNAs transcribed from most eukaryotic genes undergo a variety of processing events, that convert RNA precursors into mature RNAs ready for translation. For example, the splicing process removes extended stretches of the nucleotide sequences called introns from an RNA precursor such that only th ...
chapter 15 the nervous system
... 24. A stroke leaves a person unable to speak, what part of the brain has probably been affected? 25. After a brain operation to remove a tumor, a person is no longer able to distinguish between sweet and sour tastes. What part of the brain has been affected? 26. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that ...
... 24. A stroke leaves a person unable to speak, what part of the brain has probably been affected? 25. After a brain operation to remove a tumor, a person is no longer able to distinguish between sweet and sour tastes. What part of the brain has been affected? 26. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that ...
DNA barcoding parasite organisms found in terrestrial
... statistical evidence for the relatedness of these specimen to others found all over the world, recorded in the NCBI. While the Bayesian analysis of sequence data from this project did yield statistically significant relationships (Bayesian statistic > 0.5) within clades of Isopoda, Hymenoptera, Col ...
... statistical evidence for the relatedness of these specimen to others found all over the world, recorded in the NCBI. While the Bayesian analysis of sequence data from this project did yield statistically significant relationships (Bayesian statistic > 0.5) within clades of Isopoda, Hymenoptera, Col ...
Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Diseases of Mitochondrial DNA
... Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Diseases of Mitochondrial DNA Instability Chih-Chieh Mao, MD, PhD; Ian J. Holt1, PhD Mitochondria within human cells contain vast numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are small, circular, and double-stranded. The proper functions of mtDNA depend totally on sp ...
... Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Diseases of Mitochondrial DNA Instability Chih-Chieh Mao, MD, PhD; Ian J. Holt1, PhD Mitochondria within human cells contain vast numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are small, circular, and double-stranded. The proper functions of mtDNA depend totally on sp ...
Ends-out, or replacement, gene targeting in Drosophila
... of the first exon and the intron and second exon) by PCR. This y fragment was cloned into the corresponding sites downstream of w⫹. The yellow rescue construct without FRTs. Two pairs of oligos, 5⬘AATTTAGGGATAACAGGGTAAT-3⬘, 5⬘-AATTATTACCCTGTTATCCCTA-3⬘, and 5⬘-TAGGGATAACAGGGTAATTGCA-3⬘, 5⬘-ATTACCCTG ...
... of the first exon and the intron and second exon) by PCR. This y fragment was cloned into the corresponding sites downstream of w⫹. The yellow rescue construct without FRTs. Two pairs of oligos, 5⬘AATTTAGGGATAACAGGGTAAT-3⬘, 5⬘-AATTATTACCCTGTTATCCCTA-3⬘, and 5⬘-TAGGGATAACAGGGTAATTGCA-3⬘, 5⬘-ATTACCCTG ...
The Genetics of Beta-galactosidase
... several steps, from transcription to translation to the final folding and processing of the protein. Regulation can occur (and has been shown to occur) at any of these steps. Beta-Galactosidase and the lac Operon in the Molecular Biology Lab Why is the lac operon so important to molecular biologists ...
... several steps, from transcription to translation to the final folding and processing of the protein. Regulation can occur (and has been shown to occur) at any of these steps. Beta-Galactosidase and the lac Operon in the Molecular Biology Lab Why is the lac operon so important to molecular biologists ...
The microRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans
... lin-4 was the natural candidate to coordinate the temporally graded expression of LIN-14. Genetic epistasis analysis showed that a wild type copy of lin-14 was required to mediate the lin-4 heterochronic phenotype, indicating lin-4 lay upstream of lin-14 [27]. Moreover, the temporally graded protein ...
... lin-4 was the natural candidate to coordinate the temporally graded expression of LIN-14. Genetic epistasis analysis showed that a wild type copy of lin-14 was required to mediate the lin-4 heterochronic phenotype, indicating lin-4 lay upstream of lin-14 [27]. Moreover, the temporally graded protein ...
The Diversity of Life
... 1. What re the advantages of sexual reproduction? Lesson 4 1. How are traits inherited? 2. Give an example where many genes influence a single trait. 3. Give an example of one gene influencing more than one trait? 4. How can the environment influence traits? 5. Jenny, Jenny’s mom, and Jenny’s grandf ...
... 1. What re the advantages of sexual reproduction? Lesson 4 1. How are traits inherited? 2. Give an example where many genes influence a single trait. 3. Give an example of one gene influencing more than one trait? 4. How can the environment influence traits? 5. Jenny, Jenny’s mom, and Jenny’s grandf ...
Gene regulation in three dimensions
... Gene regulation has traditionally mainly been viewed as a 1D and possibly 2D process. In the 1D view the genome is seen as a linear string of nucleotides, where one or more transcription factors (TFs) bind to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and thereby regulate the expression of genes th ...
... Gene regulation has traditionally mainly been viewed as a 1D and possibly 2D process. In the 1D view the genome is seen as a linear string of nucleotides, where one or more transcription factors (TFs) bind to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and thereby regulate the expression of genes th ...
Regulation of Bacterial Conjugation in Microaerobiosis by
... derepressed in the ileum of infected mice (GarciaQuintanilla et al. 2008). High osmolarity and microaerobiosis, two reductionist conditions for imitation of the intestinal environment, derepress pSLT transfer in the laboratory (Garcia-Quintanilla et al. 2008). Regulatory mechanisms that control expr ...
... derepressed in the ileum of infected mice (GarciaQuintanilla et al. 2008). High osmolarity and microaerobiosis, two reductionist conditions for imitation of the intestinal environment, derepress pSLT transfer in the laboratory (Garcia-Quintanilla et al. 2008). Regulatory mechanisms that control expr ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.