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a-Aminoadipate aminotransferase from an extremely
a-Aminoadipate aminotransferase from an extremely

... longer lag phase for growth and showed slower growth in minimal medium. Furthermore, addition of AAA or lysine shortened the lag phase and improved the growth rate. The Kat2 homologue was therefore termed lysN. LysN recognizes not only 2-oxoadipate, an intermediate of lysine biosynthesis, but also 2 ...
A Single Arabidopsis Gene Encodes Two
A Single Arabidopsis Gene Encodes Two

... D627N mutation in DXS. It is therefore likely that the phenotype of these mutants might be associated to the temperature sensitivity of the corresponding DXS or G11 mutant enzymes, both of them involved in the production of photosynthesis-related isoprenoids (Fig. 1). A second partial loss-of-functi ...
Dietary protein for athletes - Inside Outside Wellness Center
Dietary protein for athletes - Inside Outside Wellness Center

... lower than that seen with lower-quality proteins. In addition, the intensity of the exercise performed by the subjects in studies in which protein requirements were elevated (Friedman and Lemon 1989; Lemon et al. 1992; Meredith et al. 1989; Tarnopolsky et al. 1988, 1992) was greater than that in stu ...
Category 2000
Category 2000

... were previously detected on SSC12 in an Iberian x Landrace F2 cross. Acox1 was selected as candidate gene to explain one of these QTL, because human-pig comparative mapping shows the human localization could match in the QTL interval and Acox1 is the first enzyme of the fatty-acid -oxidation in pero ...
multicopy gene family evolution on primate y chromosomes
multicopy gene family evolution on primate y chromosomes

... Contrary to previous theories, the Y chromosome is an important determinant of male phenotype [15–17]. The Y chromosome has been found to be associated with male fertility in humans [18] and even less obvious traits like lifespan [19] and locomotive activity [20] in Drosophila species. Therefore, an ...
Inferring Host Gene Subnetworks Involved in Viral
Inferring Host Gene Subnetworks Involved in Viral

... A virus requires host cellular machinery to complete its life cycle. Understanding the interactions that occur between viruses and their hosts can contribute to the development of preventative and therapeutic methods to control their effects on human health. To this end, an increasing number of geno ...
Alfred Henry Sturtevant - National Academy of Sciences
Alfred Henry Sturtevant - National Academy of Sciences

... age map. He and others had noticed, however, that excessive variation in the amount of crossing-over sometimes occurs. The factors responsible were isolated by Sturtevant and by Muller around 1915 and were shown to act as dominant cross-over suppressors. The first clue to the nature of these factors ...
coloured foal booklet - British Skewbald and Piebald Association
coloured foal booklet - British Skewbald and Piebald Association

... As each parent gives its foal ONE of those genes, it takes two coloured parents to produce a homozygous (TT) horse. Hence a horse with one known solid parent can never be homozygous for the Tobiano gene and therefore will only produce 50% of coloured offspring to solid mares. A solid foal by two Tob ...
Arabidopsis thaliana Ralstonia solanacearum Eucalyptus Liesl Elizabeth van der Linden
Arabidopsis thaliana Ralstonia solanacearum Eucalyptus Liesl Elizabeth van der Linden

... such as a rDNA locus, three tRNAs, a second ơ54 factor gene (rpoN2) and a second subunit α of DNA polymerase III (dnaE2) (Genin and Boucher, 2002). Enzymes responsible for the metabolism of small molecules, such as methionin biosynthesis, are only encoded on the megaplasmid. Thus, the megaplasmid mi ...
Analysis of similarity of the S1 gene in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV
Analysis of similarity of the S1 gene in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV

... material of the field-infected pigeons. In end, the infected birds showed a 16.6 % mortality, while clinical signs and pathological changes did not appear in group 2 (M41) and control group. Part of the S1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the infected pigeons, and the result of sequencing proved to ...
Clustering of mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone and moult
Clustering of mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone and moult

Phylogenetic Relationships between the Western Aster Yellows
Phylogenetic Relationships between the Western Aster Yellows

... rRNA gene is a particularly valuable evolutionary marker because it is larger and its rRNA has a more complex secondary structure than the 5s rRNA gene. Because of its central role in cell metabolism, the prokaryote 16s rRNA gene is highly conserved across widely divergent taxa, which frequently exh ...
6  Gene Interaction
6 Gene Interaction

... a. The square and triangular pegs, as well as the corresponding holes, represent the recognition site of a protein, whose activation depends on proper alignment of the two products. b. No, because if there is only a suppressor mutation in a gene, the active binding site of such a protein product wou ...
C. neoformans
C. neoformans

... (brain/lung/spleen) ...
Pedigree Chart Qu
Pedigree Chart Qu

... • sandy stated as heterozygous/suitable allusion to alleles; suitable cross chosen;(as in table) N.B. second two points linked, not stand-alone explained why could not be codominance; • N.B. Second two points linked, not stand alone Suitable cross Reason why not codominance • 3 and 4 Offspring shou ...
A Review on Epidermal Hair and It`s Breeding Project in Plants
A Review on Epidermal Hair and It`s Breeding Project in Plants

... and scale shapes, among others. Some plants simultaneously grow several types of epidermal hairs. For example, the sea-buckthorn from China presents different types, color, and amounts of epidermal hairs on its different organs [2]. The types, amounts, and sizes of different epidermal hairs are dete ...
genetics genetics - Cystic Fibrosis Association of New Zealand
genetics genetics - Cystic Fibrosis Association of New Zealand

... When both parents are carriers of the faulty CF gene they have a 1 in 4 chance of having a baby with CF with every pregnancy (see page 3 Why is a baby born with CF). While there have been great improvements in the length and quality of life for people with CF, it still remains a serious condition an ...
Yeast ING Protein Yeast Protein Human Ortholog Description of
Yeast ING Protein Yeast Protein Human Ortholog Description of

... contribute to mitochondrial iron homeostasis Mitochondrial DNA-binding protein involved in mitochondrial DNA replication and recombination, member of HMG1 DNA-binding protein family; activity may be regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation Mitochondrial matrix acyl carrier protein, involved in ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... hyperhomocysteinemia, which induces platelet aggregation through promotion of endothelial oxidative damage [8]. Although several mutations within the MTHFR gene were described, C677T and A1298C mutations are the two most common mutations .C677T transition is a missense mutation in the exon 4 of this ...
Information Encoding in Biological Molecules: DNA and
Information Encoding in Biological Molecules: DNA and

... • open EDE for any of the exons of syx5:CG4214RB transcript • split exon 2 and make an intron of arbitrary length by dragging the exon boundaries • split new exon 3 and make an intron using “Set ...
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary

... Figure 1. SS phenotypes in bread wheat. A, Schematic representations of a spike (left) and a spikelet (right) from bread wheat N67 and of a theoretical wild-type (WT) spikelet (boxed). B, Schematic illustration of various SS structures: a cluster of spikelets at a rachis node referred to as a MRS, t ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the

... species (28). Of course, this crucial concept of evolutionary biology was originally defined in the context of evolutionary analysis of animal or plant species where the notion of the common ancestral species is unambiguous (29,30). This is not the case in bacteria and archaea where ...
Molecular Evolution of Overlapping Genes
Molecular Evolution of Overlapping Genes

... strand and three reading frames on the complementary strand potentially encoding six different proteins. When two or more proteins are encoded by a single DNA region, they are said to be encoded by overlapping genes. For example, Figure 1.1 shows a region of overlap between the gag and pol genes in ...
Math of Genetics - College of William & Mary
Math of Genetics - College of William & Mary

...  Pepper color is controlled by two different genes  The first gene controls the expression of red pigment  The dominant allele (R) indicates the presence of red ...
Role of Che Y Protein in the Bacterial Chemosensory Information
Role of Che Y Protein in the Bacterial Chemosensory Information

... between Che Y and the flagellar machinery. Che Y overexpression studies in strains deleted for Che A, Che B, Che W, Che R, Che Y and Che Z indicate that Che Y gene product is sufficient to cause tumbling. ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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