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Phenotype Variations of TAS2R38 Gene and Its Bioecological
Phenotype Variations of TAS2R38 Gene and Its Bioecological

... PTC tester and PTC non-tester. The genetic basis of different feeling of PTC bitterness is TAS2R38 gene, which is localized in the 7th chromosome (7q) of the human being. The ratio of the phenotypes of this gene is an ethno-specific sign and reveals an association with different genetically determin ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Spinal Muscular Atrophy

... SMN upregulating therapies include: small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, gene therapy [15] Presymptomatic treatment in SMA mice prevents disease [16, 17] Treatment at onset in SMA mice results in partial or complete reversal of SMA phenotype [15,17] Treatment at progression in SMA mice is be ...
Identification of enzymes involved in anaerobic benzene
Identification of enzymes involved in anaerobic benzene

... substrate, the community structure of benzene-, phenoland benzoate-grown cultures was assessed by T-RFLP analysis when approximately 25 mM ferrous iron was produced (Fig. S1). With all substrates, the analysis showed the same dominance of the Peptococcaceae-related microorganisms forming a T-RF of 2 ...
E. coli
E. coli

...  The heat-stable enterotoxins are low-molecularweight, heat-stable, nonantigenic proteins which do not cause intestinal secretion by activation of adenylate cyclase  At least two types have been described, one with biological activity in suckling mice and piglets (STa, or named as STh, or ST-I) du ...
The molecular basis of human retinal and vitreoretinal
The molecular basis of human retinal and vitreoretinal

... CSNB is heterogeneous in clinical and genetic terms. Currently, 11 genes are known to carry sequence alterations or mutations, which are associated with this disease (Figure 2, Table 1) (Audo et al., 2009; Bech-Hansen et al., 1998; Bech-Hansen et al., 2000; Dryja et al., 1993; Dryja et al., 1996; Dr ...
Liver Effects of Clinical Drugs Differentiated in Human Liver
Liver Effects of Clinical Drugs Differentiated in Human Liver

... are the primary site of the drug metabolizing enzymes, however endothelial cells are metabolically active and Kupffer cells possess myeloperoxidase, which can metabolize drugs [19]. Additionally, upon activation endothelial and particularly Kupffer cells contribute to an inflammatory response, relea ...
Natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit
Natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit

... regulating monoterpene biosynthesis in fruit, as quantitative trait loci (QTL) for variation in ...
Introductory genetics for veterinary students
Introductory genetics for veterinary students

... A note on F2 vs line-cross models  Is it reasonable to assume that the Q and q alleles will be alternatively “fixed” in the alternate F0 lines? Hence, that the QTL genotype of all F1 animals is the same? Especially when this is not the case for the SNP or microsatellite markers.  This has lead to ...
(F193L) in the KCNQ1 gene associated with long
(F193L) in the KCNQ1 gene associated with long

... ECG. Conrath et al. [20] reported that adult males with LQTS1 had shorter QTc intervals than adult females, and that this difference did not exist in LQTS2 patients. Our present results, together with their findings, suggest that the disease penetrance in the patients with a mutation in the KCNQ1 ge ...
Untitled - System Components
Untitled - System Components

... effects of the circadian clock on cellular biochemistry [25], it would be surprising to find any physiological function that is not affected in some way by the circadian clock. Mutation or allelic variation in genes involved in circadian rhythmicity could affect diapause by modifying clock function ...
Slides: background and project plan
Slides: background and project plan

... • Each cell contains an identical copy of the whole genome - but utilizes only a subset of the genes to perform diverse, unique tasks • Most genes are highly regulated – their expression is limited to specific tissues, developmental stages, physiological condition • Main regulatory mechanism – trans ...
17. Prof. K. P. Bhatia: Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
17. Prof. K. P. Bhatia: Paroxysmal Movement Disorders

... All three of these disorders are linked to the same pericentromic region of chromosome 16 and thus are considered together. Szepetowski and colleagues (1998) first linked four French families with what they described as the ‘ICCA syndrome’ to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16.12 Subsequent ...
Preparing and Analyzing Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) Library
Preparing and Analyzing Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) Library

... done with the CAP3 software. According to CAP3 result the prenatal stage EST sequences into 23 contigs and postnatal stage EST sequences into 27 contigs were assembled. Furthermore, in prenatal stage contigs, the longest contig is 1394 bp, it is 2068 in postnatal stage contig. The number of singlets ...
Stringent Response in Myxococcus xanthus
Stringent Response in Myxococcus xanthus

... Fruiting body formation Starve for amino acids Accumulation of (p)ppGpp Accumulate (p)ppGpp ??Starve for aa Fruiting bodies Is this a causal relationship? Is there a connection between initiation of fruiting body development and (p)ppGpp accumulation? ...
the genetics of the budgerigar
the genetics of the budgerigar

... what genetics is. So we have written this book. The facts of organic inheritance in the budgerigar with which it deals were discovered, not by ourselves, but by others, especially by Dr. Hans Duncker and Dr. Hans Steiner who are well known to all breeders of budgerigars in this country. We ourselves ...
pdf
pdf

... The two enzymes apparently are functionally and physiologically equivalent [Zumft, 1997]. The nirK gene from Pseudomonas auerofaciens can be expressed in a mutant of Pseudomonas stutzeri that lacks the nirS gene [Glockner et al., 1993], but the two enzymes do not usually occur in the same organism. ...
Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from
Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from

... Results: Genomic DNA sequence analysis revealed 2 point mutations in the RBP gene: a T-to-A substitution at nucleotide 1282 of exon 3 and a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide 1549 of exon 4. These mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions of asparagine for isoleucine at position 41 (Ile41→Asn) a ...
Identification of a Vinyl Reductase Gene for
Identification of a Vinyl Reductase Gene for

... from oxygenic plants (Jensen et al., 1996). The 8-vinyl reductase was identified as bchJ in photosynthetic organisms by genetical methods (Suzuki and Bauer, 1995), but the homologous gene was not found in oxygenic plants. DVR is the only remaining gene that has not been identified for chlorophyll bi ...
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines - Bio
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines - Bio

... A partial cDNA for the tomato AOS was isolated using degenerate primers designed on the basis of published sequences of the Arabidopsis, flax, and guayule rubber AOS sequences. The 5⬘ and 3⬘ ends of the gene were later isolated by RACE, and the complete cDNA was sequenced in its entirety (Fig. 1a). ...
Comparative Genomics
Comparative Genomics

...  Allows us to achieve a greater understanding of vertebrate evolution  Tells us what is common and what is unique between different species at the genome level  The function of human genes and other regions may be revealed by studying their counterparts in lower organisms  Helps identify both co ...
Genetic tools for manipulating Acinetobacter baumannii genome: an
Genetic tools for manipulating Acinetobacter baumannii genome: an

... as a temperature-sensitive replicon. The vector must also carry a selectable marker, usually an antibiotic resistance gene. Sometimes integration vectors also contain oriT so that the construct can be transferred to other bacteria by conjugation. This is especially helpful when the other transfer me ...
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress

... annotations prior to modENCODE (Roy et al. 2010), provides the final reason for selecting lines. Since P elements show a strong preference for promoters, P-element insertions located 2 kb or more from the nearest annotated promoter or existing insertion are also retained. Similarly, a small number of ...
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate

... a discrete allosteric domain, and that inhibitors act competitively at the catalytic site of different family members which exhibit individuality in the range and extent of molecules recognized as substrate or inhibitor.52 The mutase activity of the T-protein (CM-T domain) is very similar to that of ...
Channel-mediated lactic acid transport: a novel function for
Channel-mediated lactic acid transport: a novel function for

... was composed of E. coli AqpZ and LpGlpF6 and their homologues. No function could be attributed to this group on the basis of their genetic context (Supplementary Table S3), but, owing to their homology with EcAqpZ, we hypothesize that it is composed of water channels. LpGlpF1 and LpGlpF4 clustered t ...
PhD Thesis - Cox Group
PhD Thesis - Cox Group

... recognized for their pharmacological and biological activities. Natural products are also known as secondary metabolites as they are not crucial for basic life processes like growth and reproduction but assist the host organisms in their survival, facilitate interaction and communication, help in ad ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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