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MOLECULAR RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE IN POLLEN AND
MOLECULAR RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE IN POLLEN AND

... and C3 share a high degree of sequence similarity with the corresponding regions of two fungal RNases, RNase T2 and RNase Rh. It is this similarity that led to the discovery that S-proteins are RNases (McClure et al 1989). The finding that RNases are employed by the pistil to reject self pollen rais ...
Gene Technology Regulation 2004
Gene Technology Regulation 2004

... The Criminal Code, ch 2 applies to all offences against this regulation (see Code, pt 2.1). The chapter sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility (including burdens of proof and general defences), and defines terms used for offences to which the Code applies (eg conduct, intention, ...
Globins in Nonvertebrate Species: Dispersal by Horizontal Gene
Globins in Nonvertebrate Species: Dispersal by Horizontal Gene

... properties was initiated, culminating in the various highly specialized functions known at present. During this evolutionary process, we suggest that (1) high oxygen affinity may have been acquired repeatedly and (2) the formation of chimeric proteins containing both a globin and a flavin binding do ...
A mixed group ll/group III twintron in the Euglena
A mixed group ll/group III twintron in the Euglena

... The rps3 gene is in the rpl23 ribosomal protein operon (Fig. 1) (18). This operon is a conserved unit of gene evolution. The comparable operons from eubacteria, chloroplasts of Euglena, monocots, dicots and bryophytes, and cyanelles have the same overall gene organization (Fig. IB) (18, 27, 28). Eub ...
Activation of the Interleukin-3 Gene by Chromosome
Activation of the Interleukin-3 Gene by Chromosome

... blocked by an antibody to human IL-3 (BVD3-6G8). This result showed that the translocated allele retained the ability to make IL-3 mRNA and protein. The level of expression of IL-3 mRNA in leukemic cells from Case 1 was assessed. Northern blotting showed that the mature IL-3 mRNA (approximately 1 kb ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008.

... secretion at puberty and support reproductive function throughout human life. In 2008, an activating mutation in KISS1R was identified in a girl with central precocious puberty not only did this observation reinforce the notion that kisspeptin is an important gatekeeper of pubertal function in the h ...
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among

... et al., 2003; West-Eberhard, 2003; Crispo, 2007; Ghalambor et al., 2007). However, it cannot be conclusively known in the above examples which came first, the plastic or genetic responses to selection. Long-term studies of recently established populations, or artificial selection experiments in the ...
Analyses of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase target adapter
Analyses of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase target adapter

Cloning of the Papaya Chromoplast-Specific
Cloning of the Papaya Chromoplast-Specific

... More recently, we constructed a high-density genetic map of papaya using simple sequence repeat markers, and the flesh color locus was mapped to the end of LG5 with the closest marker 13 cM away (Chen et al., 2007). In both papaya genetic maps, linkage group designations were assigned by genetic map ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... functions associated with the utilization of xylan, xylose or glucuronic acid (Table 1; Fig. 1). The major enzymes that attack xylan backbone are classified in the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) database (http://www.cazy.org; Cantarel et al., 2009). They comprise endo-1,4-b-D-xylanases (EC 3.2.1. ...
Protein Nutrition of Dairy Cattle – An Overview
Protein Nutrition of Dairy Cattle – An Overview

... the trials. ‘Days in milk’ (DIM) when these trials began ranged from 1 to 238 days with a mean of 85 days. The fat-corrected milk yield for each individual diet is shown in Figure 2. The points connected by a line are from the same trial, and the best fitting regression line is plotted. Milk yield i ...


... DEK (6p23) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics. Laboratories willing to validate the probes are welcome: contact [email protected]. ...
Wnt Signaling and an APC-Related Gene Specify Endoderm in
Wnt Signaling and an APC-Related Gene Specify Endoderm in

... First, E does not produce endoderm and instead produces pharyngeal tissue and body wall muscles, which are mesodermal tissues normally produced by MS. Second, the E blastomere adopts an accelerated cleavage rate similar to MS; for example, the E daughters divide prematurely at about the same time as ...
Charcot-Marie
Charcot-Marie

... electrical tests are usually clearcut, allowing a diagnosis of CMT type 1 or CMT type 2, in some cases it may be difficult to decide from the electrical test which type of CMT a patient has and the term intermediate CMT is used. Although this can be confusing for patients it is useful for doctors in ...
Transgenic approaches for optogenetics Tim Murphy UBC.
Transgenic approaches for optogenetics Tim Murphy UBC.

... Cre recombinase is a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 Bacteriophage. The enzyme uses a topoisomerase I like mechanism to carry out site specific recombination events. The enzyme (38kDa) is a member of the integrase family of site specific recombinase and it is known to catalyse the si ...
Thalassemias
Thalassemias

... With only one functional α chain, you have severe hemolytic anemia with primarily HbH, composed of 4 β chains (β4). This is clinically severe. In the absence of α chain in the fetus, the gamma forms a tetramer of globin chains, and is called Hb Bart’s. Both Hb-H and Hb-Barts are high affinity Hbs, t ...
Gene Section CYP2A6 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6)
Gene Section CYP2A6 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6)

... CYP2A6 shows large interindividual and interethnic variations in its expression levels and conversion activities, which are mainly attributed to CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms. These alleles are derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms in the regulatory and coding regions, deletion mutations and c ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... Cadmium and zinc are removed from cells of Ralstonia metallidurans by the CzcCBA efflux pump and by two soft-metal-transporting P-type ATPases, CadA and ZntA. The czcCBA genes are located on plasmid pMOL30, and the cadA and zntA genes are on the bacterial chromosome. Expression of zntA from R. metal ...
Not all mutant phenotypes are equally informative. Forward genetics
Not all mutant phenotypes are equally informative. Forward genetics

... fact: it’s easier to mess things up than to make them better ...
ovo D1
ovo D1

... Mutations: the lifeblood of genetic analysis a Morgan "student": (1) What kinds can we make? (functional categories) Herman Muller (1930s): inferred how mutations can affect gene functioning. ...
Deletions of NF1 gene and exons detected by multiplex ligation
Deletions of NF1 gene and exons detected by multiplex ligation

... confirming this deletion. In total, single and multi-exon NF1 deletions were found in 14/201 (,7%) patients with NF1 (fig 1), whereas whole NF1 gene deletions were detected in 9/201 (,4.5) NF1 individuals. Real-time qPCR results are reported in table 2; a list of all single and multi-exon deletions ...
Article On the Complexity of Chloroplast RNA
Article On the Complexity of Chloroplast RNA

... Some aspects of chloroplast gene expression reflect the endosymbiotic bacterial origin of the organelle, such as the structure of its 70 S ribosomes or the nature of the plastidencoded polymerase which is of eubacterial origin. Other traits of plastid gene expression contrast with features of the an ...
A Pneumocystis carinii multi-gene family with
A Pneumocystis carinii multi-gene family with

... specific endoproteolytic activity of some of them has been elucidated. However, for many others, the precise biological function has not yet been determined. In this paper we report the identification and characterization of the P. carinii f. sp. carinii PRTl multigene family. We demonstrate high le ...
Fulltext - Jultika
Fulltext - Jultika

... three identical α chains, α1(II)3, which are encoded by the COL2A1 gene. While collagen II accounts for the majority of the collagens in cartilage, other significant types are collagens IX and XI. Collagen IX is a heterotrimer of three dissimilar α chains, α1(IX), α2(IX) and α3(IX), which are encode ...
application of recombinant smr-domain containing protein of
application of recombinant smr-domain containing protein of

... group, which included samples from either confirmed angiostrongyliasis positive patients (worm-positive) (n = 4) or from patients showing clinical criteria (n = 57) and had consumed snail intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts and were immunoblot positive for 31 kDa band; (iii) Third group, which con ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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