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An Autosomal Dwarfism in the Domestic Fowl
An Autosomal Dwarfism in the Domestic Fowl

... the males should be heterozygous, at 30 wk of age the females were only 69% as heavy as the F1 males. This difference is somewhat greater than the 78% expected for normal sex-dimorphism (see Hutt, 1959), for calculation of data from Waters). However, it would appear that the proposed gene operating ...
Evolution of the Actin Gene Family in Testate Lobose Amoebae
Evolution of the Actin Gene Family in Testate Lobose Amoebae

... et al. 2006), the breadth of knowledge on actin diversity is largely limited to organisms with completed genomes (Reisler and Egelman 2007). In addition, diverse lineages such as dinoflagellates (Bachvaroff and Place 2008), Foraminifera (Flakowski et al. 2006), and red algae (Wu et al. 2009) have be ...
COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND
COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND

... stakeholders have made, or which could be envisioned, in order to address some or all of these effects. This background study paper considers transgene flow according to the effects it may have, as the basis for an objective evaluation of transgene flow and possible ways to deal with it. Chapters II ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... (3). As was shown earlier, ropA encodes only the lower-Mr part of the group III antigens of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 248 (5). This finding implies that there is another structural gene that encodes for the high-Mr part of the proteins of the antigen group III. Because both gene products ha ...
Teacher Guide: Gene Expression. By Ann Brokaw.
Teacher Guide: Gene Expression. By Ann Brokaw.

... Once the structure of DNA was discovered, the next challenge was determining how the sequence of letters coded for the 20 amino acids. In theory, one or two letters can only code for 4 or 16 amino acids, respectively. A scheme using three letters, a triplet code, is the minimum necessary to encode a ...
Applet for calculating heritability for threshold traits
Applet for calculating heritability for threshold traits

... Chapter 12. Estimating- and biotechnology and disease resistance........................................................ 88 12.1 Technology for estimation of breeding value ............................................................................. 88 12.2 The significance of artificial inseminati ...
Interaction of nonsense suppressor tRNAs and codon nonsense
Interaction of nonsense suppressor tRNAs and codon nonsense

... response to a termination codon. Because termination codons consists of three types (TAG, TAA and TGA), nonsense mutations are divided into amber, ochre, or opal mutations (resulting in UAG, UAA or UGA). Therefore, nonsense suppressors include three kinds of amber, ochre or opal suppressor [1,2]. Th ...
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein

... current suitable outgroup for C. briggsae. We therefore applied a sliding window across the alignments between C. nigoni and C. afra, and excluded regions that were greater than 6 standard deviations from the mean divergence. Published reference assemblies were not available for Apis cerana and Heli ...
Factor V Leiden Information for Patients and Families
Factor V Leiden Information for Patients and Families

... When you are injured, your body stops bleeding by changing liquid blood into a plug (clot) that blocks the leaks in damaged blood vessels. Your body has many different proteins that do this work. There needs to be a balance of these proteins to make sure there is just enough clotting power: ...
ABO Blood Group System
ABO Blood Group System

... The ABO Blood Group System was the first to be identified and is the most significant for transfusion practice It is the ONLY system that the reciprocal antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the sera of people who have had no exposure to human red cells ...
Protocadherin-1: epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and eczema Grissel Faura Tellez
Protocadherin-1: epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and eczema Grissel Faura Tellez

... mechanisms of disease susceptibility. Consequently, the contribution of PCDH1 to asthma susceptibility appears to be IgE independent (table 1). The cumulative data gathered to date indicate that PCDH1 harbours a complexity of genetic signals associated with asthma and eczema that we do not yet fully ...
The Coat of Many Colors
The Coat of Many Colors

... all.” A misconception that is apparently still alive and well is that sable merles are a mysterious mishmash of colors in conflict. This is fiction. A sable merle is not a combination of sable, tri and blue. Here’s why. There is no color gene in collies for blue coat color, only sable and black. The ...
Development of novel computational tools based on
Development of novel computational tools based on

... 2004) that are of medical and agricultural importance. Collectively, the latter factors form part of a “gene organization” known as the flexible gene pools. The flexible gene pools are named according to the types of functions they encode, those that encode virulence features are designated pathogen ...
Sequence requirements for function of the
Sequence requirements for function of the

... specificity (deCicco and Spradling, 1984). However, amplification is highly sensitive to chromosomal position effects and only ~1/3 of inserts will be active. The third chromosome locus has been studied in the greatest detail, and a 3.8 kb SalI fragment was capable of high level amplification at som ...
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GGPD) Mutations
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GGPD) Mutations

... population of Taiwan. The finding that several polymorphic sites are located near or within the G6PD gene may provide a haplotype pattern that would enable us to analyze the linkage disequilibrium between mutations and polymorphisms. The F8C/G6PD (coagulation factor VIIIc/G6PD) haplotype” spanning t ...
A natural recessive resistance gene against potato virus
A natural recessive resistance gene against potato virus

... Other types of genetic resistance include virus resistance genes that are not associated with HR or ER (Fraser, 1990). The two dominant genes RTM1 and RTM2, involved in restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus (TEV) in Arabidopsis thaliana fall into this class (Chisholm et al., 20 ...
all plant protein - frequently asked questions
all plant protein - frequently asked questions

... NUTRILITE™ All Plant Protein contains a unique tri-blend of soy, wheat, and pea protein to give you the right combination of amino acids to keep you feeling healthy and energetic, without animal products or dairy side effects. 4. How does this product work? NUTRILITE™ All Plant Protein provides high ...
Regulation of Elovl and fatty acid metabolism
Regulation of Elovl and fatty acid metabolism

... (TER) that were found to catalyse the reduction of 3-ketoacyl-CoA and trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA respectively (Moon and Horton, 2003). At that time, Ybr159p and Tsc13p had been identified as analogue reduction enzymes in yeast (Beaudoin et al., 2002; Kohlwein et al., 2001). Recently, Denic and Weissman hav ...
Andrew Phillips
Andrew Phillips

... Perform in silico experiments on biological system models Use these to formulate testable hypotheses for experimentation in vivo ...
Case study # 39 Keith Fehring, BA 2009 Andre Jakoi, BS 2008
Case study # 39 Keith Fehring, BA 2009 Andre Jakoi, BS 2008

... of patients with the disease will live a normal life span. Patients diagnosed with  achondroplasia will usually have a normal intelligence level. However, they will rarely  ever reach 5 feet in height. Severity of the disease is usually determined by whether the  patient is homozygous of heterozygo ...
Extrapolation to the whole human genome
Extrapolation to the whole human genome

... the length of the closest matching human protein (i.e. with introns removed), or whether there is evidence of polyadenylation. We have applied our approach to chromosomes 21 and 22, the first parts of the human genome completely sequenced, finding 190 new pseudogene annotations beyond the 264 report ...
Classification and domain analysis of protein
Classification and domain analysis of protein

... closer look at the protein families reveals some interesting additional information, as given below. As seen in Table 2, three protein kinases families, namely serine/threonine kinase20 (STE20), calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like (CAMKL) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are highly p ...
The slime strain was grown in Nelson B  medium... for 22 hours. HCH stereoisomers were dissolved in 83% ethanol...
The slime strain was grown in Nelson B medium... for 22 hours. HCH stereoisomers were dissolved in 83% ethanol...

... Centromere distances and linkage relationships of ascospore color mutants. Centromere distances are useful to know and are readily determined for ascospore mutants. First- (MI) and second- (MII) division segregation frequencies are shown in Table 2. Asci were scored microscopically without isolating ...
Supertaster
Supertaster

... serves a purpose – it allows humans to determine the relative safety of what they plan to consume. Toxic substances tend to be bitter in taste, so humans tend to avoid this particular flavor – not only do most people find this taste unpleasant, but they also have an aversion to it for evolutionary r ...
Characterisation of the katA gene encoding a catalase and evidence
Characterisation of the katA gene encoding a catalase and evidence

... The deduced amino acid sequence of the truncated ORF1, designated all, is similar to allantoinases that are implicated in the assimilation of allantoin (purine catabolism) [18]. ORF2 is located on the same strand as katA and shared no signi¢cant similarity with any sequence in the databases. The ded ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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