The Impact of Past Introductions on an Iconic and Economically
... the Scottish rural economy. The native status of this species is sometimes questioned because of many recorded introductions of nonnative deer in the past that were an attempt to improve trophy size. In this study, we assessed the impact of past introductions on the genetic makeup of Scottish red de ...
... the Scottish rural economy. The native status of this species is sometimes questioned because of many recorded introductions of nonnative deer in the past that were an attempt to improve trophy size. In this study, we assessed the impact of past introductions on the genetic makeup of Scottish red de ...
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among
... and that genetic changes may follow in the direction of the plastic response (Pigliucci & Murren, 2003; Price et al., 2003; West-Eberhard, 2003; Crispo, 2007; Ghalambor et al., 2007). However, it cannot be conclusively known in the above examples which came first, the plastic or genetic responses to ...
... and that genetic changes may follow in the direction of the plastic response (Pigliucci & Murren, 2003; Price et al., 2003; West-Eberhard, 2003; Crispo, 2007; Ghalambor et al., 2007). However, it cannot be conclusively known in the above examples which came first, the plastic or genetic responses to ...
Multiparent recombination
... recombination (TPR). Applying GPR is preceded by selecting a gene-pool consisting of would-be parents. Applying GPR the two parent alleles of an ospring are randomly chosen for each locus with replacement from the gene-pool and the ospring allele is computed \using any of the standard recombinatio ...
... recombination (TPR). Applying GPR is preceded by selecting a gene-pool consisting of would-be parents. Applying GPR the two parent alleles of an ospring are randomly chosen for each locus with replacement from the gene-pool and the ospring allele is computed \using any of the standard recombinatio ...
Genetic factors affecting dental caries risk
... Dental caries is a complex, chronic, multifactorial disease and one of the most prevalent diseases in industrialized and developing countries.1 Caries appears to concentrate in specific groups of individuals. The phenomenon is termed as polarization and its cause remains obscure, representing one of ...
... Dental caries is a complex, chronic, multifactorial disease and one of the most prevalent diseases in industrialized and developing countries.1 Caries appears to concentrate in specific groups of individuals. The phenomenon is termed as polarization and its cause remains obscure, representing one of ...
Heterozygote Advantage: The Effect of Artificial Selection in
... in a wild population. In addition, many of these variants have even stronger detrimental effects as homozygotes and in some instances result in embryonic lethality or are greatly selected against by humans because of their undesirable phenotypic effects. In a number of cases, the variants are loss-o ...
... in a wild population. In addition, many of these variants have even stronger detrimental effects as homozygotes and in some instances result in embryonic lethality or are greatly selected against by humans because of their undesirable phenotypic effects. In a number of cases, the variants are loss-o ...
Genetics of asthma and atopy Koppelman, Gerard
... Three different genetic models were tested. To study a recessive model for the C allele, CC homozygotes were compared with CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes. To study a recessive model for the T allele, TT homozygotes were compared with individuals with CT and CC. To study a codominant model, the ...
... Three different genetic models were tested. To study a recessive model for the C allele, CC homozygotes were compared with CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes. To study a recessive model for the T allele, TT homozygotes were compared with individuals with CT and CC. To study a codominant model, the ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab
... mechanism for speciation in plants Estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes ...
... mechanism for speciation in plants Estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes ...
Feline Genetics: a Combinatorial Approach
... minor effect which piles up with the others, yielding a more gradual combined result than a unique gene could account for. Sometimes we shall present two alternative mathematical models to explain the same effect. If the two models give the same effect in all cases, they are mathematically equivalen ...
... minor effect which piles up with the others, yielding a more gradual combined result than a unique gene could account for. Sometimes we shall present two alternative mathematical models to explain the same effect. If the two models give the same effect in all cases, they are mathematically equivalen ...
Frequency-Dependent Selection and the Evolution
... which is determined by a modifier locus. a QLE denotes a ‘‘quasi-linkage equilibrium’’ analysis, which assumes that genetic associations equilibrate faster than allele frequencies change. We use the term QLE even when considering genetic associations, such as the departure from Hardy–Weinberg, that ...
... which is determined by a modifier locus. a QLE denotes a ‘‘quasi-linkage equilibrium’’ analysis, which assumes that genetic associations equilibrate faster than allele frequencies change. We use the term QLE even when considering genetic associations, such as the departure from Hardy–Weinberg, that ...
The environment and the genotype in
... one which seems to be unknown in nature. Perhaps the commonest form of adaptation to more or less regularly varying environments is not polymorphism at all; it may merely require that life histories involving a degree of metamorphosis or other marked change of phenotype during development become cue ...
... one which seems to be unknown in nature. Perhaps the commonest form of adaptation to more or less regularly varying environments is not polymorphism at all; it may merely require that life histories involving a degree of metamorphosis or other marked change of phenotype during development become cue ...
Rates of Spontaneous Mutation
... target: base pair substitutions, base additions and deletions (often producing frameshifting in exons), and larger or more complex changes. Attempts to detect order in these mutation rates have revealed certain underlying patterns. We describe these patterns, note some of their consequences, and con ...
... target: base pair substitutions, base additions and deletions (often producing frameshifting in exons), and larger or more complex changes. Attempts to detect order in these mutation rates have revealed certain underlying patterns. We describe these patterns, note some of their consequences, and con ...
Chapter 3: Selection and Adaptation Barry Sinervo © 1997-2007
... male elaborate trait genes in the population are associated with the female trait gene. In contrast, a mere 33% of the elaborate trait genes are associated with the non-choosy female gene. In addition, all Normal males breed with non-choosy females and thus 100% of the Normal male genes (all of them ...
... male elaborate trait genes in the population are associated with the female trait gene. In contrast, a mere 33% of the elaborate trait genes are associated with the non-choosy female gene. In addition, all Normal males breed with non-choosy females and thus 100% of the Normal male genes (all of them ...
MTHFR C677T and A1298C: Explained In Plain
... Although diet and lifestyle are major influences, your genetics are thought to be responsible for between 45-60% of the variance in plasma (blood) homocysteine levels in normal adults (7, 8). Of that genetic variance, C677T mutations are thought to account for between 24-53% of all cases (7). Resear ...
... Although diet and lifestyle are major influences, your genetics are thought to be responsible for between 45-60% of the variance in plasma (blood) homocysteine levels in normal adults (7, 8). Of that genetic variance, C677T mutations are thought to account for between 24-53% of all cases (7). Resear ...
STATISTICS IN GENETICS
... Because much about the working of a cell is still to be discovered, not all genes are known. However, based on current knowledge and structural analogies it is estimated that the human genome has about 25 000 genes. The genomes of two individuals are the same to a large extent, and it is even true t ...
... Because much about the working of a cell is still to be discovered, not all genes are known. However, based on current knowledge and structural analogies it is estimated that the human genome has about 25 000 genes. The genomes of two individuals are the same to a large extent, and it is even true t ...
Genetic divergence and the genetic architecture of complex traits in
... in the early 1900s from closely related founders among Castle’s mice [24] and have since been inbred for hundreds of generations (jaxmice.jax.org). Although these two strains have many distinct phenotypes (www.jax.org/ phenome), they are highly similar genetically and their genomes are substantially ...
... in the early 1900s from closely related founders among Castle’s mice [24] and have since been inbred for hundreds of generations (jaxmice.jax.org). Although these two strains have many distinct phenotypes (www.jax.org/ phenome), they are highly similar genetically and their genomes are substantially ...
Pest Control by the Introduction of a Conditional Lethal Trait on
... disequilibrium) between allelic states at different loci. Initially, all individuals carrying the conditional lethal allele on one locus have it on all loci, and this association breaks down only gradually. Thus, we must track all genotypes as they change over time. Fortunately, the problem can be s ...
... disequilibrium) between allelic states at different loci. Initially, all individuals carrying the conditional lethal allele on one locus have it on all loci, and this association breaks down only gradually. Thus, we must track all genotypes as they change over time. Fortunately, the problem can be s ...
The qSD12 Locus Controls Offspring Tissue-Imposed
... mechanisms during evolution to enhance their survival under adverse natural or in human-disturbed environments by selection for an optimum time to germinate. In contrast, many crop species have lost part or all dormancy mechanisms due to the selections for rapid, uniform germination during domestica ...
... mechanisms during evolution to enhance their survival under adverse natural or in human-disturbed environments by selection for an optimum time to germinate. In contrast, many crop species have lost part or all dormancy mechanisms due to the selections for rapid, uniform germination during domestica ...
Genetic drift
Genetic drift (or allelic drift) is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the early twentieth century vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian genetics, held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads across a population (although not necessarily changes in phenotypes) are caused by genetic drift. There is currently a scientific debate about how much of evolution has been caused by natural selection, and how much by genetic drift.