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... formulated the theory of evolution They discussed the struggle for existence, extinction of species, adaptation and variation He looked at the work of Malthus, who said that resources are limited but population growth is not Darwin realized that selection acts upon an individual This led him to form ...
Genetics Notes PDP - Lincoln Park High School
Genetics Notes PDP - Lincoln Park High School

... o Ex: in mice, black is dominant over brown  There’s another gene that codes for the ability to produce ANY pigment (C = pigment, c = no pigment / albino)  Bbcc  no color (albino)  BbCc  black, bbCc  brown  Environmental influence: an organism’s phenotype may be influenced by its environment ...
1 Population Genetics Course Population Genetics Exercises 1
1 Population Genetics Course Population Genetics Exercises 1

... explanation is sampling error. Deviations from the neutral equilibrium model, such as selection, might be involved if sampling error could be ruled out. 2. The time to the most common recent ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of k alleles from a population is defined as the expected time to coalescence of ...
Bio 11
Bio 11

... from different traits separate independently during the formation of gametes (sex cells) a. Accounts for many genetic variations in plants, animals and other organisms. B. Summary of Mendel’s Principles 1. Inheritance of specific traits is determined by genes. Genes are passed from parents to offspr ...
TODAY. . . Selection Directional Stabilizing Disruptive More HW
TODAY. . . Selection Directional Stabilizing Disruptive More HW

... alleles that are incompletely dominant exist for a gene that affects shell thickness and weight (S – thick, heavy shell; s – thin, light shell). You sample 100 individuals from the population: 37 are SS, 8 are ss, and 55 are Ss. A)Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not? B) ...
Objectives 9 - U
Objectives 9 - U

... Epidemiology – the study of the interrelationships of genetic and environmental factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in human populations. Genetic epidemiology – can be viewed as a fusion of population genetics and epidemiology, focusing on the inherited causes of diseas ...
Mechansisms for Evolution 2015
Mechansisms for Evolution 2015

... one of them carrying an allele for retinitis pigmentosum. Among their 240 descendents living on the island today, 4 are blind by the disease and 9 others are carriers. ...
Evolution of Populations
Evolution of Populations

... Allelic Frequencies remain the same Look in your book on pages 340-343 and write down the conditions needed for evolution to occur. No evolution if you have:  Random ...
7.14ABCTestReviewKEY
7.14ABCTestReviewKEY

... 7.14AC (Heredity/Genetics) and 7.14B (Reproduction) Test Review Key 1. What is asexual reproduction? Requires only one parent, parent makes an exact copy of its DNA, the offspring is a “clone” of the parent 2. What are the methods of asexual reproduction? Binary fission (when single celled organisms ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... produces the raw material on which natural selection operates • 4. new alleles arise as mutations ...
3. Genetic Drift
3. Genetic Drift

...  The only mutations that matter to largescale evolution are those that can be passed on to offspring. These occur in reproductive cells like eggs and sperm and are called germ line mutations.  A single germ line mutation can have a range of effects: No change occurs in phenotype. ...
Mechanism of Evolution
Mechanism of Evolution

Mendellian Madness! - Effingham County Schools
Mendellian Madness! - Effingham County Schools

... y Yy Yy y Yy Yy All Yy … all yellow ...
Chapter 23 Evolution of Populations
Chapter 23 Evolution of Populations

... • (2) the central role of natural selection as the most important mechanism of evolution • (3) the idea of gradualism to explain how large changes can evolve as an accumulation of small changes over long periods of time ...
Natural Selection Depends on Genetic Variation
Natural Selection Depends on Genetic Variation

...  “Using a subset of 43 common species, we determined that plants are now flowering seven days earlier on average than they did in Thoreau's times.” Miller-Rushing & Primack, Ecology. 2008 Feb;89(2):332-41 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18409423 ...
Document
Document

... C. Polygenic inheritance 1. A group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait, which creates more variety in phenotypes. 2. Many human traits are controlled by polygenic inheritance, such as hair and eye color. D. Mutations—genes that are altered or copied incorrectly 1. A mutation can be harmf ...
Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics
Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics

... If we determine that a particular trait is recessive by looking at a pedigree, what do we automatically knowabout the genotypes of the individuals in the pedigree? If we determine that a particular trait is dominant by looking at a pedigree, what do we automatically know about the genotypes of the i ...
Evolution of Populations
Evolution of Populations

... alleles occurs in a gene pool compared to the number of times that other alleles for the same gene occur is the relative frequency of the allele ...
Mutations - JeongAPbiology
Mutations - JeongAPbiology

... Suppose in a plant population that red flowers (R) are dominant to white flowers (r). In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for this trait? “q^2” frequency is 25% (or 0.25), which means “q” m ...
Chapter 11 Biology Study Guide
Chapter 11 Biology Study Guide

... 16. How many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to exhibit that trait? Give the definitions of each of these words and give examples of each: ...
Population Genetics and Speciation
Population Genetics and Speciation

... either extreme variation of a trait have a greater fitness than individual with the average form of the trait. ...
Blank Jeopardy - Hazlet Township Public Schools
Blank Jeopardy - Hazlet Township Public Schools

... usually affect males (though can affect females). Genetic traits are from alleles on any chromosome. ...
genetics Study Guide(fall 2016) - new book)
genetics Study Guide(fall 2016) - new book)

... Genetics Unit Test Study Guide This is not a complete list of all the material that could potentially be on your genetics unit test – use your class notes as a guide ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... ...
Review for Final: Chap 16: Evolulution of Populations
Review for Final: Chap 16: Evolulution of Populations

... random occurences in a small population may change the relative frequency of an allele by chance ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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