Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... cingulate cortex for actioneoutcome learning. In this ‘emotion limbic system’ a computational principle is that feedforward pattern association networks learn associations ...
... cingulate cortex for actioneoutcome learning. In this ‘emotion limbic system’ a computational principle is that feedforward pattern association networks learn associations ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... 1. He HY, Rasmusson DD, Quinlan EM. Progressive elevations in AMPA and GABAA receptor levels in deafferented somatosensory cortex. J Neurochem. 2004 Sep;90(5):1186-93. Restricted receptive fields (RFs), a hallmark of mature sensory systems, are actively maintained by a balance between ascending exci ...
... 1. He HY, Rasmusson DD, Quinlan EM. Progressive elevations in AMPA and GABAA receptor levels in deafferented somatosensory cortex. J Neurochem. 2004 Sep;90(5):1186-93. Restricted receptive fields (RFs), a hallmark of mature sensory systems, are actively maintained by a balance between ascending exci ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and
... The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug of abuse which is considered to be potentially toxic to serotonergic nerve terminals of rodents and non-human primates (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based ...
... The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug of abuse which is considered to be potentially toxic to serotonergic nerve terminals of rodents and non-human primates (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... and pain), and to some extent smell, and perhaps certain visual stimuli such as face expression. There is evidence that there is a representation of the (reward/punishment) value of many primary reinforcers in the orbitofrontal cortex, including taste, positive touch and pain, face expression, face ...
... and pain), and to some extent smell, and perhaps certain visual stimuli such as face expression. There is evidence that there is a representation of the (reward/punishment) value of many primary reinforcers in the orbitofrontal cortex, including taste, positive touch and pain, face expression, face ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... brain, just ~30,000 dopamine neurons reside in these nuclei (Zaborszky and Vadasz, 2001). As with other monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain such as serotonin and noradrenaline, this small population of midbrain dopamine neurons exerts its influence over much of the brain as a neuromodulator. Ho ...
... brain, just ~30,000 dopamine neurons reside in these nuclei (Zaborszky and Vadasz, 2001). As with other monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain such as serotonin and noradrenaline, this small population of midbrain dopamine neurons exerts its influence over much of the brain as a neuromodulator. Ho ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... brain function and affected by drugs and disease. After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic phy ...
... brain function and affected by drugs and disease. After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic phy ...
Idiopathic hypersomnia - Oxford Academic
... spontaneous improvement of sleepiness occurred in onequarter. Possible aetiologies identified in 10 patients included viral illness, head trauma and primary mood disorder. Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare syndrome in which clinical heterogeneity suggests a variable or multifactoral pathogenesis. Onl ...
... spontaneous improvement of sleepiness occurred in onequarter. Possible aetiologies identified in 10 patients included viral illness, head trauma and primary mood disorder. Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare syndrome in which clinical heterogeneity suggests a variable or multifactoral pathogenesis. Onl ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Greater seizure control is achieved in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (86%) ...
... a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Greater seizure control is achieved in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (86%) ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... normally in the absence of a functioning amygdala, depending more on cerebellar circuitry (Lavond et al., 1993), but also that it is increasingly possible to define a more widely dispersed neural network involved in such associative functions. For example it is well established that the anterior, bu ...
... normally in the absence of a functioning amygdala, depending more on cerebellar circuitry (Lavond et al., 1993), but also that it is increasingly possible to define a more widely dispersed neural network involved in such associative functions. For example it is well established that the anterior, bu ...
Stress and Somatic Symptoms - Digital Commons @ SPU
... 2004). Somatic symptoms rarely occur singly; in fact, one study demonstrated that the mean number of symptoms was 6.6 with over 80% of patients reporting at least mild impairment from their symptoms (Hiller, Rief, & Brähler, 2006). In addition, certain patterns of somatic symptoms are sometimes give ...
... 2004). Somatic symptoms rarely occur singly; in fact, one study demonstrated that the mean number of symptoms was 6.6 with over 80% of patients reporting at least mild impairment from their symptoms (Hiller, Rief, & Brähler, 2006). In addition, certain patterns of somatic symptoms are sometimes give ...
Mammalian Sleep
... REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most bra ...
... REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most bra ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... prediction signal at the time of S1 presentation from those associated with anticipation during the delay and those associated with the error prediction signal at the time of the outcome S2. In the third ‘outcome‘, or S2 phase, ‘$0’, ‘$10’ or ‘$20’ was projected for 2 s. Pictures of the $10 and $20 ...
... prediction signal at the time of S1 presentation from those associated with anticipation during the delay and those associated with the error prediction signal at the time of the outcome S2. In the third ‘outcome‘, or S2 phase, ‘$0’, ‘$10’ or ‘$20’ was projected for 2 s. Pictures of the $10 and $20 ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... region, a region known to indicate relaxed wakefulness.27 Also, at sleep onset the process of synchronisation marked by the appearance of spindles involves a generalised increase in EEG activity over all slow and middle frequencies, including those in the alpha range. During the transition from wake ...
... region, a region known to indicate relaxed wakefulness.27 Also, at sleep onset the process of synchronisation marked by the appearance of spindles involves a generalised increase in EEG activity over all slow and middle frequencies, including those in the alpha range. During the transition from wake ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
Integrative Model of Rumination - Open Research Exeter
... particular task stimuli do not (Hertel & Rude, 1991). Outlining an argument further developed here, Hertel (2004, p. 208) proposes that “the best antidote to maladaptive habits is a new set of habits” formed through repeated practice at more controlled responses. In this paper, we focus on analysing ...
... particular task stimuli do not (Hertel & Rude, 1991). Outlining an argument further developed here, Hertel (2004, p. 208) proposes that “the best antidote to maladaptive habits is a new set of habits” formed through repeated practice at more controlled responses. In this paper, we focus on analysing ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... with no history of depression (Parrott and Murphy, 2012). Smokers report a decrease in symptoms immediately after using tobacco products, however, these positive effects are only observed after abstinence, when withdrawal-induced depression symptoms are high (Perkins et al., 2010). Thus, smokers may ...
... with no history of depression (Parrott and Murphy, 2012). Smokers report a decrease in symptoms immediately after using tobacco products, however, these positive effects are only observed after abstinence, when withdrawal-induced depression symptoms are high (Perkins et al., 2010). Thus, smokers may ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... By comparing brain sections from pharmacologically pretreated and non-pretreated animals, it was noted that the pharmacological treatment had no prominent effect on the pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity. There was no dramatic increase in the number of either the labeled nerve fibers or cell bodies. T ...
... By comparing brain sections from pharmacologically pretreated and non-pretreated animals, it was noted that the pharmacological treatment had no prominent effect on the pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity. There was no dramatic increase in the number of either the labeled nerve fibers or cell bodies. T ...
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum
... states, and in turn, goal-directed behaviors, are influenced by dopamine signaling (Berridge and Robinson 1998; Wise 2004). For example, when sated animals receive rewards, dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is attenuated compared to that observed in hungry animals (Ahn and Phillips 199 ...
... states, and in turn, goal-directed behaviors, are influenced by dopamine signaling (Berridge and Robinson 1998; Wise 2004). For example, when sated animals receive rewards, dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is attenuated compared to that observed in hungry animals (Ahn and Phillips 199 ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... about 6-7 m m long and about 1.5 m m in width. The map provided by Talbot and Marshall 16 was used as a reference in making these lesions. Monkey K S 12 had a lesion that was parallel and posterior to the representation of the vertical meridian of the lower visual field on the striate cortex. In the ...
... about 6-7 m m long and about 1.5 m m in width. The map provided by Talbot and Marshall 16 was used as a reference in making these lesions. Monkey K S 12 had a lesion that was parallel and posterior to the representation of the vertical meridian of the lower visual field on the striate cortex. In the ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... deal of interest soon focused on 5-HT because of its presumed involvement in the major psychoses. This hypothesis was based primarily on the finding that the actions of 5-HT in the periphery were antagonized by the powerful hallucinogenic (or psychotomimetic) drug d-lysergide (d-LSD) ( an extensive ...
... deal of interest soon focused on 5-HT because of its presumed involvement in the major psychoses. This hypothesis was based primarily on the finding that the actions of 5-HT in the periphery were antagonized by the powerful hallucinogenic (or psychotomimetic) drug d-lysergide (d-LSD) ( an extensive ...
Biology of depression
Scientific studies have found that numerous brain areas show altered activity in patients suffering from depression, and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Several theories concerning the biologically based cause of depression have been suggested over the years, of which the most prominent and widely researched is the monoamine hypothesis.