Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
... If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... modality, such as deep joint receptors or cutaneous receptors. Subsequently, examples of columns have been uncovered in numerous cortical areas, expanding the original concept to embrace a variety of different structures and principles. A ‘column’ now refers to cells in any vertical cluster that sha ...
... modality, such as deep joint receptors or cutaneous receptors. Subsequently, examples of columns have been uncovered in numerous cortical areas, expanding the original concept to embrace a variety of different structures and principles. A ‘column’ now refers to cells in any vertical cluster that sha ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
Abstract
... Defeat and Entrapment in Psychopathology 10 suggestion that the blocking of defensive motivations to escape stressful or defeating situations, labeled entrapment, is central to the development of depressive symptoms (Gilbert, 2001a, 2001b). Gilbert and Allan (1998) argue that the motivation to esca ...
... Defeat and Entrapment in Psychopathology 10 suggestion that the blocking of defensive motivations to escape stressful or defeating situations, labeled entrapment, is central to the development of depressive symptoms (Gilbert, 2001a, 2001b). Gilbert and Allan (1998) argue that the motivation to esca ...
... Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders occurring in childhood. The main symptoms are developmentally excessive levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD occurs in 8 to 12% of school age children worldwide; the majority ...
... characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms and estimate to affect 5% of worldwide population. Until recently, symptoms were thought to ameliorate with age. However, a recent 10 year follow-up study indicated that 35% of paediatric patients still meet criteria and it’s been ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... mothers) may temporarily suspend sleep altogether without deleterious effects or need for catching up [4,5,15–17]. Thus, both REM and NREM sleep appear vital and subject to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the s ...
... mothers) may temporarily suspend sleep altogether without deleterious effects or need for catching up [4,5,15–17]. Thus, both REM and NREM sleep appear vital and subject to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the s ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... The activity of TRN changes dramatically during the sleep– wake cycle, shifting from spindle oscillations during slow-wave sleep that inhibit thalamocortical activity, to single-spike activity during wakefulness. These properties implicate TRN in attention, highlighted by TRN inhibition of thalamoco ...
... The activity of TRN changes dramatically during the sleep– wake cycle, shifting from spindle oscillations during slow-wave sleep that inhibit thalamocortical activity, to single-spike activity during wakefulness. These properties implicate TRN in attention, highlighted by TRN inhibition of thalamoco ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... voltammetry yet did not alter the kinetics of the dopamine-dependent IPSC. Dextran failed to significantly alter the time course of the rise and fall of the dopamine transient in the striatum, suggesting a more influential role for reuptake in the striatum. The conclusion is that the time course of ...
... voltammetry yet did not alter the kinetics of the dopamine-dependent IPSC. Dextran failed to significantly alter the time course of the rise and fall of the dopamine transient in the striatum, suggesting a more influential role for reuptake in the striatum. The conclusion is that the time course of ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suited to modify the strength of neuronal connections by “fine-tuning” synaptic activity through direct actions at presynaptic termina ...
... and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suited to modify the strength of neuronal connections by “fine-tuning” synaptic activity through direct actions at presynaptic termina ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-MeO-DMT, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5dimethoxy-4-iodo-phenylisopropylamine (DOI), mescaline and psilocybin possess hallucinogenic properties, altering perception, emotion and mood (Glennon, 1991, 1994; Nichols, 2004). The interest of psychedelic agents lies in their capacity to model cert ...
... 5-MeO-DMT, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5dimethoxy-4-iodo-phenylisopropylamine (DOI), mescaline and psilocybin possess hallucinogenic properties, altering perception, emotion and mood (Glennon, 1991, 1994; Nichols, 2004). The interest of psychedelic agents lies in their capacity to model cert ...
JAMA SIDS
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... challenged in favor of an amygdala-pontine interaction (48). Suppression of REM by Endogenous Norepinephrine and Its Agonists Much recent evidence also implicates NE in the inhibitory control of REM sleep. For example, locus ceruleus (LC) neurons have been shown to become quiescent during REM in the ...
... challenged in favor of an amygdala-pontine interaction (48). Suppression of REM by Endogenous Norepinephrine and Its Agonists Much recent evidence also implicates NE in the inhibitory control of REM sleep. For example, locus ceruleus (LC) neurons have been shown to become quiescent during REM in the ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... Lea, Fitzmaurice, & Schenk, 2009) and methylphenidate (Botly, Burton, Rizos, & Fletcher, 2008) in rats. DA has also been implicated in reinforcement learning and is involved in coding of prediction errors depending on the size and value of rewards (Roesch, Calu, & Schoenbaum, 2007; Schultz, 2007a). ...
... Lea, Fitzmaurice, & Schenk, 2009) and methylphenidate (Botly, Burton, Rizos, & Fletcher, 2008) in rats. DA has also been implicated in reinforcement learning and is involved in coding of prediction errors depending on the size and value of rewards (Roesch, Calu, & Schoenbaum, 2007; Schultz, 2007a). ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections to parietal cortex. However, the architectonic heterogeneity of these cortices raises the question of whether distinct areas have laminar-specific interconnections underlying their complex functional relationship. Using quantitative procedures, we showed that lam ...
... cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections to parietal cortex. However, the architectonic heterogeneity of these cortices raises the question of whether distinct areas have laminar-specific interconnections underlying their complex functional relationship. Using quantitative procedures, we showed that lam ...
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... how biological, cultural, and social factors lead to the development and maintenance of BDD and are based on classical and operant conditioning.12 These models mainly serve a heuristic function because research is needed to test conditioning effects in individuals with BDD. Operant conditioning (bas ...
... how biological, cultural, and social factors lead to the development and maintenance of BDD and are based on classical and operant conditioning.12 These models mainly serve a heuristic function because research is needed to test conditioning effects in individuals with BDD. Operant conditioning (bas ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... Two receptor types for glucocorticoids In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity ...
... Two receptor types for glucocorticoids In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity ...
Stress and decision making - Ruhr
... rules are explicit and stable and consequences can be estimated [4]. In the literature, stress has mostly been reported to have negative effects on decision making, e.g. more disadvantageous decisions manifested by riskier behavior [5–7]. Behavioral alterations may result from a stress evoked increa ...
... rules are explicit and stable and consequences can be estimated [4]. In the literature, stress has mostly been reported to have negative effects on decision making, e.g. more disadvantageous decisions manifested by riskier behavior [5–7]. Behavioral alterations may result from a stress evoked increa ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
Full-Text PDF
... processing of emotions [40]. The pulvinar is connected to the extrastriate cortex (occipital cortex), inferior temporal cortex, and temporo-occipital area [47]. It is also associated with the insula [48], posterior parietal cortex [49], medial frontal cortex [49,50], superior temporal gyrus [51], an ...
... processing of emotions [40]. The pulvinar is connected to the extrastriate cortex (occipital cortex), inferior temporal cortex, and temporo-occipital area [47]. It is also associated with the insula [48], posterior parietal cortex [49], medial frontal cortex [49,50], superior temporal gyrus [51], an ...
BMC Neuroscience
... The primate cerebral cortex constitutes a vast communication network of ipsilateral and contralateral corticocortical connections. Although fewer in number, contralateral projection neurons, which course through the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure, have elaborate dendritic trees [1], and ...
... The primate cerebral cortex constitutes a vast communication network of ipsilateral and contralateral corticocortical connections. Although fewer in number, contralateral projection neurons, which course through the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure, have elaborate dendritic trees [1], and ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... interactions between neurons would be a form of communication transitional between discrete classic neurotransmission (in Sherrington’s synapse) and the relatively nonspecific neuroendocrine secretion. Recent findings indicate that in addition to monoamines [norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and s ...
... interactions between neurons would be a form of communication transitional between discrete classic neurotransmission (in Sherrington’s synapse) and the relatively nonspecific neuroendocrine secretion. Recent findings indicate that in addition to monoamines [norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and s ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... of a burst pattern of light activation was capable of producing CPP, indicating that activity in VTA dopamine neurons is sufficient for positive reinforcement [67]. The sufficiency for positive reinforcement of precisely timed stimulation of dopamine neurons was recently demonstrated by Steinberg et ...
... of a burst pattern of light activation was capable of producing CPP, indicating that activity in VTA dopamine neurons is sufficient for positive reinforcement [67]. The sufficiency for positive reinforcement of precisely timed stimulation of dopamine neurons was recently demonstrated by Steinberg et ...
The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety
... 6.2.1. Bidirectionality across various age groups and cultures ..................................................................161 6.2.2. Bidirectionality across different methods of assessment ................................................................163 6.2.3. Bidirectionality and follow- ...
... 6.2.1. Bidirectionality across various age groups and cultures ..................................................................161 6.2.2. Bidirectionality across different methods of assessment ................................................................163 6.2.3. Bidirectionality and follow- ...
Biology of depression
Scientific studies have found that numerous brain areas show altered activity in patients suffering from depression, and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Several theories concerning the biologically based cause of depression have been suggested over the years, of which the most prominent and widely researched is the monoamine hypothesis.