Spinalin, a new glycine- and histidine
... sequence for eukaryotic translation initiation sites (Kozak, 1987). No homology to other proteins in the database (SWISSPROT; Bairoch and Apweiler, 1997) was found by amino acid sequence comparisons using the entire spinalin sequence. Based on features of the primary sequence and similarities of par ...
... sequence for eukaryotic translation initiation sites (Kozak, 1987). No homology to other proteins in the database (SWISSPROT; Bairoch and Apweiler, 1997) was found by amino acid sequence comparisons using the entire spinalin sequence. Based on features of the primary sequence and similarities of par ...
Structure, function and selective inhibition of bacterial acetyl
... that assembles as a multisubunit complex with each of the reactions performed by a separate enzyme. These striking differences in tertiary structure are noteworthy and the following sections of this review bring together recent studies that highlight the importance of the BC and CT subunits as sites ...
... that assembles as a multisubunit complex with each of the reactions performed by a separate enzyme. These striking differences in tertiary structure are noteworthy and the following sections of this review bring together recent studies that highlight the importance of the BC and CT subunits as sites ...
mbe.oxfordjournals.org - Oxford Academic
... that some nucleolar components involved in ribosome biogenesis rapidly shuttle between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm (Chen and Huang 2001). Ribosomes are complexes essential for cell proliferation and cell growth present in all organisms (Mayer and Grummt 2006; Bernstein et al. 2007). In bacteri ...
... that some nucleolar components involved in ribosome biogenesis rapidly shuttle between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm (Chen and Huang 2001). Ribosomes are complexes essential for cell proliferation and cell growth present in all organisms (Mayer and Grummt 2006; Bernstein et al. 2007). In bacteri ...
Initiation, elongation, and termination strategies in polyketide and
... product are selected from the cellular pool, are covalently tethered to specific locations on the enzyme, and are then condensed and modified in a linear, stepwise fashion. The completed chain, having incorporated the last monomer tethered near the carboxyl terminus of the enzyme, is then released, ...
... product are selected from the cellular pool, are covalently tethered to specific locations on the enzyme, and are then condensed and modified in a linear, stepwise fashion. The completed chain, having incorporated the last monomer tethered near the carboxyl terminus of the enzyme, is then released, ...
Pathogenesis of corneal damage from pseudomonas
... exotoxin A on rabbit eyes. Methods, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103) was used for the production of exotoxin A.11 Exotoxin A was produced and purified as previously described'1- s> " with the following modification. The (NHi)-SO+ precipitated toxin was chromatographed on columns of Sephadex G200, then ...
... exotoxin A on rabbit eyes. Methods, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103) was used for the production of exotoxin A.11 Exotoxin A was produced and purified as previously described'1- s> " with the following modification. The (NHi)-SO+ precipitated toxin was chromatographed on columns of Sephadex G200, then ...
Structure of the enzyme-acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrate
... biotin protein ligase (5, 6), which is in contrast to other bacteria where bioH resides within the biotin operon (7). Thus, the E. coli bioH gene may encode a less-specific protein than those encoded by the integrated bioH genes. In this paper we report experiments indicating that BioH acts before Bi ...
... biotin protein ligase (5, 6), which is in contrast to other bacteria where bioH resides within the biotin operon (7). Thus, the E. coli bioH gene may encode a less-specific protein than those encoded by the integrated bioH genes. In this paper we report experiments indicating that BioH acts before Bi ...
TFE3 contains two activation domains, one acidic and the other
... (containing both activation domains), TFE3S (containing only the C-terminal activation domain) and TFE3L-ACterm (a truncated protein containing only the N-terminal activation domain). Plasmids encoding these proteins were cotransfected with a reporter dependent upon eight tandem (iE3 sites. Figure 2 ...
... (containing both activation domains), TFE3S (containing only the C-terminal activation domain) and TFE3L-ACterm (a truncated protein containing only the N-terminal activation domain). Plasmids encoding these proteins were cotransfected with a reporter dependent upon eight tandem (iE3 sites. Figure 2 ...
Elucidating Substrate and Inhibitor Binding Sites on the Surface of
... Fig. 1. The 89–95 loop defines a substrate binding subsite for GSK-3β. (a) Features of the substrate binding site of GSK-3β. The structure of GSK-3β is based on the available crystal structures,30,40 as described in Ref. 39. The surface of GSK-3β is shown in gray, with the loop 89–95 shown in yellow ...
... Fig. 1. The 89–95 loop defines a substrate binding subsite for GSK-3β. (a) Features of the substrate binding site of GSK-3β. The structure of GSK-3β is based on the available crystal structures,30,40 as described in Ref. 39. The surface of GSK-3β is shown in gray, with the loop 89–95 shown in yellow ...
Structure and function of carbohydrate
... Agrobacterium tumefaciens work in the oxidative pathway of D-galacturonate, which is the main component of pectin. Galactarolactone cycloisomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the cyclic D-galactaro-1,4-lactone into a linear 3-deoxy-2keto-L-threo-hexarate. The crystal structure of g ...
... Agrobacterium tumefaciens work in the oxidative pathway of D-galacturonate, which is the main component of pectin. Galactarolactone cycloisomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the cyclic D-galactaro-1,4-lactone into a linear 3-deoxy-2keto-L-threo-hexarate. The crystal structure of g ...
Structural characterization of L
... l-Glutamate has a flavor-enhancing activity that creates the sensation of ‘umami’; the monosodium salt of l-glutamate is widely used as a seasoning for cooking and as a food additive. The amino acid is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain [1,2]. Furthermore, its excessive relea ...
... l-Glutamate has a flavor-enhancing activity that creates the sensation of ‘umami’; the monosodium salt of l-glutamate is widely used as a seasoning for cooking and as a food additive. The amino acid is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain [1,2]. Furthermore, its excessive relea ...
Evolution of Protein Structure - Theoretical and Computational
... and deletions and has been shown to produce accurate structure-based phylogenetic trees. The STAMP structural alignment algorithm, kindly provided by our colleagues Russell and Barton, is included in our alpha release 2 . We plan to offer biomedical researchers a tool to examine the changes in prote ...
... and deletions and has been shown to produce accurate structure-based phylogenetic trees. The STAMP structural alignment algorithm, kindly provided by our colleagues Russell and Barton, is included in our alpha release 2 . We plan to offer biomedical researchers a tool to examine the changes in prote ...
Sequence-based predictions of membrane-protein topology, homology and insertion
... do not require data from expensive biochemical experiments, but also for the prospect that the wealth of training data can only be expected to increase. Development of such sequence based prediction methods is only becoming increasingly important as the sequence collection continues to grow. In part ...
... do not require data from expensive biochemical experiments, but also for the prospect that the wealth of training data can only be expected to increase. Development of such sequence based prediction methods is only becoming increasingly important as the sequence collection continues to grow. In part ...
Allosteric pathways in imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase
... in the active site. Allosteric information transfer can range from large, enthalpically driven conformational changes to purely entropically driven motions or a combination of both enthalpic and entropic effects, but in each case the kinetic parameters of the catalyzed reaction at the substrate bind ...
... in the active site. Allosteric information transfer can range from large, enthalpically driven conformational changes to purely entropically driven motions or a combination of both enthalpic and entropic effects, but in each case the kinetic parameters of the catalyzed reaction at the substrate bind ...
Characterization of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases in the Basal
... score of 0.442, did not [18–20]. The cTP length was predicted to be 37 amino acids for both ACC1a and 1b (Figure 1A). When the three ACC sequences were aligned, ACC1a and 1b started 48 residues before ACC2. This offset was demonstrated by the alignment of a conserved tyrosine at residue 60 of ACC1a ...
... score of 0.442, did not [18–20]. The cTP length was predicted to be 37 amino acids for both ACC1a and 1b (Figure 1A). When the three ACC sequences were aligned, ACC1a and 1b started 48 residues before ACC2. This offset was demonstrated by the alignment of a conserved tyrosine at residue 60 of ACC1a ...
Mechanistic Studies Of Drug Resistance Conferred By An ABC
... important modules in the C-terminal domain of DrrA that might be essential for conformational interplay between DrrA and DrrB during the catalytic cycle. One module present at the extreme C terminus of DrrA consists of two separate motifs, DEF and CREEM. CREEM motif together with its upstream region ...
... important modules in the C-terminal domain of DrrA that might be essential for conformational interplay between DrrA and DrrB during the catalytic cycle. One module present at the extreme C terminus of DrrA consists of two separate motifs, DEF and CREEM. CREEM motif together with its upstream region ...
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA FOR DUPLICATED SACCHAROMYCES
... - G121D: Asp side chain is possibly too far to form a hydrogen bond to FMN. S3.3. Cellular localization There are conflicting reports for the location of PST2 and RFS1. In earlier studies, the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein of PST2 localized to the cytoplasm in a punctuate pattern [5 ...
... - G121D: Asp side chain is possibly too far to form a hydrogen bond to FMN. S3.3. Cellular localization There are conflicting reports for the location of PST2 and RFS1. In earlier studies, the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein of PST2 localized to the cytoplasm in a punctuate pattern [5 ...
Identification of a novel N-terminal hydrophobic sequence that
... the protein to the droplet from its site of insertion in the ER, leaving flanking hydrophilic residues in the cytoplasm. The flanking sequences may also participate in targeting through an interaction with phospholipids on the surface of the droplet (Abell et al., 2002). A similar proline knot has b ...
... the protein to the droplet from its site of insertion in the ER, leaving flanking hydrophilic residues in the cytoplasm. The flanking sequences may also participate in targeting through an interaction with phospholipids on the surface of the droplet (Abell et al., 2002). A similar proline knot has b ...
Structural and functional features of Drosophila chorion proteins s36
... The methods used for secondary structure prediction have been described in detail by Hamodrakas et al. ~4 and Hamodrakas and Kafatos is. They have been developed into a fully computerized prediction scheme, which runs on the IBM PC/XT/AT and compatibles, under DOS 2.0 or later releases ~6. ...
... The methods used for secondary structure prediction have been described in detail by Hamodrakas et al. ~4 and Hamodrakas and Kafatos is. They have been developed into a fully computerized prediction scheme, which runs on the IBM PC/XT/AT and compatibles, under DOS 2.0 or later releases ~6. ...
Diversity in P-loop Structure of A-ATP Synthase
... electrochemical ion gradient across the membrane to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and vice versa. F1FO ATP synthases (F-ATP synthases) are responsible for the generation of ATP in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells,1 while in archaea the A1AO ATP synthases use the H+- and/or Na+-gr ...
... electrochemical ion gradient across the membrane to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and vice versa. F1FO ATP synthases (F-ATP synthases) are responsible for the generation of ATP in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells,1 while in archaea the A1AO ATP synthases use the H+- and/or Na+-gr ...
Pore-Exposed Tyrosine Residues of P
... hydrogen-bonding interactions between propafenone type ligands and selected pore-exposed tyrosine OH groups. Propafenones have been characterized extensively in previous quantitative structure–activity relationship studies and demonstrated to be both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp (Schmid et al., ...
... hydrogen-bonding interactions between propafenone type ligands and selected pore-exposed tyrosine OH groups. Propafenones have been characterized extensively in previous quantitative structure–activity relationship studies and demonstrated to be both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp (Schmid et al., ...
evolution of protein function by domain swapping
... The study and understanding of the natural evolution of protein function clearly has important implications for the design of in vitro evolution strategies. Because nature is blind to the rules and relationships of sequence, structure, and function, strategies that seem most applicable are combinato ...
... The study and understanding of the natural evolution of protein function clearly has important implications for the design of in vitro evolution strategies. Because nature is blind to the rules and relationships of sequence, structure, and function, strategies that seem most applicable are combinato ...
An intersubunit lock-and-key `Clasp` motif in the dimer interface of
... Lambda, Phi and Tau) [4,5]. In addition, members in this enzyme superfamily are increasing due to the massive growth of genomic information, which also yields a number of novel unclassified GSTs [6], a so-called ‘U’ class. In general, all GSTs adopt the same highly conserved tertiary structure [2]. ...
... Lambda, Phi and Tau) [4,5]. In addition, members in this enzyme superfamily are increasing due to the massive growth of genomic information, which also yields a number of novel unclassified GSTs [6], a so-called ‘U’ class. In general, all GSTs adopt the same highly conserved tertiary structure [2]. ...
BACILLUS SPHAERICUS TOXINS: Molecular Biology and Mode of
... The crystal toxin is composed of two proteins that are synthesized in equmolar amounts and assembled in crystal structures visible at about stage Ⅲ of sporulation (11, 49, 81). The proteins are designated as P51 and P42 on the basis of their predicted molecular masses of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa (5, 8, 9, ...
... The crystal toxin is composed of two proteins that are synthesized in equmolar amounts and assembled in crystal structures visible at about stage Ⅲ of sporulation (11, 49, 81). The proteins are designated as P51 and P42 on the basis of their predicted molecular masses of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa (5, 8, 9, ...
Bioinformatics approaches for functional
... a-helices [1], and (ii) transmembrane strand proteins, which traverse the outer membranes of gram negative bacteria with b-strands [2]. The discrimination of transmembrane helical and strand proteins, prediction of their membrane spanning segments, thermodynamics and modeling of membrane proteins ha ...
... a-helices [1], and (ii) transmembrane strand proteins, which traverse the outer membranes of gram negative bacteria with b-strands [2]. The discrimination of transmembrane helical and strand proteins, prediction of their membrane spanning segments, thermodynamics and modeling of membrane proteins ha ...
and related proteins three-dimensional structure in a large family of
... homologous proteins. Of these, 29 are either lipasesor esterases, whereas three others, mentioned above, do not possess a catalytic triad and play other biological roles. Although all the enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of an ester bond, they hydrolyzesubstrates varying widely in size and complexity. Th ...
... homologous proteins. Of these, 29 are either lipasesor esterases, whereas three others, mentioned above, do not possess a catalytic triad and play other biological roles. Although all the enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of an ester bond, they hydrolyzesubstrates varying widely in size and complexity. Th ...
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.