Identification of a structural motif that confers specific interaction with
... lethal phenotype of the cop1-5 null mutation when overexpressed in plants (Figure 4). However, when the seedlings were grown in constant white light, the hypocotyl length differed between the lines. At higher light intensity, 200 mmol/m2/s, the E592R substitution results in slightly longer hypocotyl ...
... lethal phenotype of the cop1-5 null mutation when overexpressed in plants (Figure 4). However, when the seedlings were grown in constant white light, the hypocotyl length differed between the lines. At higher light intensity, 200 mmol/m2/s, the E592R substitution results in slightly longer hypocotyl ...
Structure of the ordered hydration of amino acids
... water molecules in protein structures and also to predict potential hydration sites. Considering that a water molecule can simultaneously serve as an acceptor for up to two hydrogen bonds and as a donor for an additional two hydrogen bonds, it is clear that the water position reflects not only the i ...
... water molecules in protein structures and also to predict potential hydration sites. Considering that a water molecule can simultaneously serve as an acceptor for up to two hydrogen bonds and as a donor for an additional two hydrogen bonds, it is clear that the water position reflects not only the i ...
Unusual properties of the fungal conventional kinesin neck domain
... the prediction indicates coiled-coil formation (Lupas, 1996), but experimental evidence has been lacking so far. We therefore synthesized a NcKin neck domain peptide comprising amino acids 338±379 (peptide Kn1, Figure 1), which exceeds the expected coiled-coil by ®ve amino acid residues at both the ...
... the prediction indicates coiled-coil formation (Lupas, 1996), but experimental evidence has been lacking so far. We therefore synthesized a NcKin neck domain peptide comprising amino acids 338±379 (peptide Kn1, Figure 1), which exceeds the expected coiled-coil by ®ve amino acid residues at both the ...
The Structure of the PanD/PanZ Protein Complex
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... succinate moiety of the substrate in the competent catalytic complex and therefore this structure has provided new information on the reaction mechanism of this class of enzymes. α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (Amacr) catalyzes the racemization of α-methyl-branched CoA esters. An Amacr homologue from the ...
... succinate moiety of the substrate in the competent catalytic complex and therefore this structure has provided new information on the reaction mechanism of this class of enzymes. α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (Amacr) catalyzes the racemization of α-methyl-branched CoA esters. An Amacr homologue from the ...
Role of CD3 /in T Cell Receptor Assembly
... have shown that glycosylation might be involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins, in modifying the functional activity of proteins, in recognition events, and in signal transduction after ligand-receptor binding (reviewed in reference 53). In addition, it has recently been demonstrated that ...
... have shown that glycosylation might be involved in stabilizing the structure of proteins, in modifying the functional activity of proteins, in recognition events, and in signal transduction after ligand-receptor binding (reviewed in reference 53). In addition, it has recently been demonstrated that ...
Assembly-Line Enzymology for Polyketide and Nonribosomal
... amino and aryl acids are the monomer building blocks for oligomerization and diversification during chain elongation and after chain termination.14 NRP chains can be N-capped with acyl groups such as the long-chain β-OH fatty acid in daptomycin15 (Figure 1c) or C-capped with amines as in bleomycin.1 ...
... amino and aryl acids are the monomer building blocks for oligomerization and diversification during chain elongation and after chain termination.14 NRP chains can be N-capped with acyl groups such as the long-chain β-OH fatty acid in daptomycin15 (Figure 1c) or C-capped with amines as in bleomycin.1 ...
Evolution of the Aldose Reductase-Related Gecko Eye Lens Protein
... described frog lens protein -crystallin (Tomarev et al. 1984; Fujii et al. 1990; Lu et al. 1995). The addition “B” reflects that it is the second known “aldo-keto”-like crystallin but not the orthologue of frog -crystallin. Both crystallins belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, but the li ...
... described frog lens protein -crystallin (Tomarev et al. 1984; Fujii et al. 1990; Lu et al. 1995). The addition “B” reflects that it is the second known “aldo-keto”-like crystallin but not the orthologue of frog -crystallin. Both crystallins belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, but the li ...
Biochemical Journal
... into (R)-citramalate in the first reaction of this pathway. So far, citramalate synthase has only been found in L. interrogans and a few other micro-organisms, such as Methanococcus jannaschii [13] and thus it could be an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents for both therape ...
... into (R)-citramalate in the first reaction of this pathway. So far, citramalate synthase has only been found in L. interrogans and a few other micro-organisms, such as Methanococcus jannaschii [13] and thus it could be an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents for both therape ...
Neighbor-Dependent Ramachandran Probability Distributions of
... and structure prediction methods. The available distributions differ in a number of important ways, which determine their usefulness for various purposes. These include: 1) input data size and criteria for structure inclusion (resolution, R-factor, etc.); 2) filtering of suspect conformations and ou ...
... and structure prediction methods. The available distributions differ in a number of important ways, which determine their usefulness for various purposes. These include: 1) input data size and criteria for structure inclusion (resolution, R-factor, etc.); 2) filtering of suspect conformations and ou ...
MPN+, a putative catalytic motif found in a subset of MPN domain
... ized profile method [23]. An improved MPN domain profile detected a large number of novel significant matches including some prokaryotic proteins from archaeal and eubacterial origins, which until now have not been known to contain MPN domains. In addition to being structurally related to the publis ...
... ized profile method [23]. An improved MPN domain profile detected a large number of novel significant matches including some prokaryotic proteins from archaeal and eubacterial origins, which until now have not been known to contain MPN domains. In addition to being structurally related to the publis ...
NIH Public Access
... These data were consistent with an allosteric mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substit ...
... These data were consistent with an allosteric mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substit ...
Single-Amino Acid Substitutions Alter the Specificity and Affinity of
... nNOS (Figure 1C, R70A). However, R70A failed to bind Kv1.4. Thus, a single-amino acid substitution (Arg to Ala) confers nNOS binding on PDZ1 of PSD-95, but disrupts C-terminal peptide binding. These results suggest that an Arg or Lys residue in the carboxylate-binding loop of PDZ domains is required ...
... nNOS (Figure 1C, R70A). However, R70A failed to bind Kv1.4. Thus, a single-amino acid substitution (Arg to Ala) confers nNOS binding on PDZ1 of PSD-95, but disrupts C-terminal peptide binding. These results suggest that an Arg or Lys residue in the carboxylate-binding loop of PDZ domains is required ...
Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases
... The products of these prenyltransferases have specific chain lengths essential for their biological functions. An intriguing question is how do they achieve product chainlength specificity. In theory, restriction of the size of the enzyme active site should play a major role in determining the chain l ...
... The products of these prenyltransferases have specific chain lengths essential for their biological functions. An intriguing question is how do they achieve product chainlength specificity. In theory, restriction of the size of the enzyme active site should play a major role in determining the chain l ...
TOXICITY OF SEA ALGAL TOXINS TO HUMANS AND ANIMALS
... Phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by dinoflagellates and diatoms, which present pharmacologically active compounds which can be harmful to aquatic flora and fauna. Their role is both important for normal physiology of the cell and for the defense against external environmental insults, ...
... Phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by dinoflagellates and diatoms, which present pharmacologically active compounds which can be harmful to aquatic flora and fauna. Their role is both important for normal physiology of the cell and for the defense against external environmental insults, ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Joanne I. Yeh joanneyeh Associate
... Yeh, J.I., Du, S., Xia, T., Lazareck, A., Kim, J-H., Xu, J., and Nel, A.E. (2007). Coordinated Nanobiosensors for Enhanced Detection: Integration of Three-Dimensional Structures to Toxicological Applications. ECS Transactions 3(29), 115-126. Yeh, J.I., Chinte, U., and Du, S. (2008). Structure of gl ...
... Yeh, J.I., Du, S., Xia, T., Lazareck, A., Kim, J-H., Xu, J., and Nel, A.E. (2007). Coordinated Nanobiosensors for Enhanced Detection: Integration of Three-Dimensional Structures to Toxicological Applications. ECS Transactions 3(29), 115-126. Yeh, J.I., Chinte, U., and Du, S. (2008). Structure of gl ...
Modulation of the Oligomerization State of the Bovine F1
... Plasmids expressing IF1-H49K and IF1 truncated at the N terminus by 31 residues [IF1 (residues 32– 84)] were made from pRKIF1 by polymerase chain reaction using the oligonucleotide primers GAA GAA ACA CAA GGA AAA TGA GAT and TAG GAA TTC CAT ATG CGA TAC TTC CGA GCT CGT GCT AAA, respectively. The plas ...
... Plasmids expressing IF1-H49K and IF1 truncated at the N terminus by 31 residues [IF1 (residues 32– 84)] were made from pRKIF1 by polymerase chain reaction using the oligonucleotide primers GAA GAA ACA CAA GGA AAA TGA GAT and TAG GAA TTC CAT ATG CGA TAC TTC CGA GCT CGT GCT AAA, respectively. The plas ...
E. Coli MurG: A Paradigm for a Superfamily of
... convert UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-MurNAc [6,7]. The rest of the enzymes are ligases that form the amide bonds of the peptide chain. The composition of the peptide chain varies somewhat between organisms [8]. For example, in E. coli the peptide chain contains meso-diaminopimelic acid in the third position, w ...
... convert UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-MurNAc [6,7]. The rest of the enzymes are ligases that form the amide bonds of the peptide chain. The composition of the peptide chain varies somewhat between organisms [8]. For example, in E. coli the peptide chain contains meso-diaminopimelic acid in the third position, w ...
Multiple Sequence Motifs in the Rubisco Small
... motifs required for protein import into chloroplasts (Lee et al., 2006). Here, in a similar approach, we identified sequence motifs in the E1a-tp critical for protein import into chloroplasts. Serial Ala scanning mutants, E1a[T2A], E1a[T3A], E1a[T4A], E1a[T5A], and E1a[T6A], were generated by replac ...
... motifs required for protein import into chloroplasts (Lee et al., 2006). Here, in a similar approach, we identified sequence motifs in the E1a-tp critical for protein import into chloroplasts. Serial Ala scanning mutants, E1a[T2A], E1a[T3A], E1a[T4A], E1a[T5A], and E1a[T6A], were generated by replac ...
Protonation States and pKa
... Protein is positively charged (pI = 11) between pH 1 to pH 7 (titration range). This results in an overall decrease in the stability of the positively charged histidine residues and increase in the stability of the negatively charged Asp and Glu residues. Therefore, a decrease in the pKa values is ...
... Protein is positively charged (pI = 11) between pH 1 to pH 7 (titration range). This results in an overall decrease in the stability of the positively charged histidine residues and increase in the stability of the negatively charged Asp and Glu residues. Therefore, a decrease in the pKa values is ...
Analysis of the bipartite networks of domain compositions and
... It is widely accepted that complexity of biological systems arises from combinations of common subunits. In this work we investigate the combinatorial patterns of protein domains in the metabolic networks and find several general rules in the patterns of domain combinations and their evolution. Firs ...
... It is widely accepted that complexity of biological systems arises from combinations of common subunits. In this work we investigate the combinatorial patterns of protein domains in the metabolic networks and find several general rules in the patterns of domain combinations and their evolution. Firs ...
Epsilon glutathione transferases possess a unique class
... In the present study, we have determined the structure of DmGSTE6 to supplement the currently known Epsilon structures (Figure 1, Table 1). This structure adopts the typically highly conserved GST fold with two domains comprising a βαβαββα motif in the N-terminus and an all α-helical domain in the C ...
... In the present study, we have determined the structure of DmGSTE6 to supplement the currently known Epsilon structures (Figure 1, Table 1). This structure adopts the typically highly conserved GST fold with two domains comprising a βαβαββα motif in the N-terminus and an all α-helical domain in the C ...
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.