Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase reaction and
... A major disadvantage of cyclodextrin production by CGTases is that all known wild-type CGTase enzymes produce a mixture of K-, L-, and Q-cyclodextrin and are sensitive to product inhibition by these cyclic compounds. The Thermoanaerobacter CGTase for instance produces an approximately equal mixture ...
... A major disadvantage of cyclodextrin production by CGTases is that all known wild-type CGTase enzymes produce a mixture of K-, L-, and Q-cyclodextrin and are sensitive to product inhibition by these cyclic compounds. The Thermoanaerobacter CGTase for instance produces an approximately equal mixture ...
33_organelles.txt 3/25/2010 Limited proteolysis, phosphorylation
... contains 37 known genes, most coding for tRNA's. FTP, name this genetic material generally inherited only for the mother; a ribonucleic acid present in the "power plant" of cells. Answer: mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (prompt on deoxyribonucleic acid, mitochondria or mitochondrion) A prolonged ...
... contains 37 known genes, most coding for tRNA's. FTP, name this genetic material generally inherited only for the mother; a ribonucleic acid present in the "power plant" of cells. Answer: mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (prompt on deoxyribonucleic acid, mitochondria or mitochondrion) A prolonged ...
REVIEW Protein Adduct Formation as a Molecular Mechanism in
... Many toxicants (e.g., hepatotoxicants) of other organ systems and/ or their oxidative metabolites have been identified as electrophiles and will react with cellular proteins by covalently binding nucleophilic amino acid residues. Cellular toxicity occurs when adduct formation disrupts protein struct ...
... Many toxicants (e.g., hepatotoxicants) of other organ systems and/ or their oxidative metabolites have been identified as electrophiles and will react with cellular proteins by covalently binding nucleophilic amino acid residues. Cellular toxicity occurs when adduct formation disrupts protein struct ...
Membrane Penetration of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Is Necessary
... calcium and membrane binding sites (12, 13). Also, phosphorylation of certain residues including Ser-505 has been shown to activate cPLA2 in cells (15, 16). Besides this information, however, little is known about the catalytic mechanism and the Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding mechanism of cPLA2. Si ...
... calcium and membrane binding sites (12, 13). Also, phosphorylation of certain residues including Ser-505 has been shown to activate cPLA2 in cells (15, 16). Besides this information, however, little is known about the catalytic mechanism and the Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding mechanism of cPLA2. Si ...
Sequence-Specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recognition by
... specificity in exerting their physiological effects. AlFirst Published Online December 8, 2005 Abbreviations: CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; CTE, carboxy-terminal extension; DBD, DNA binding domain; DMT, 5!-dimethoxytrityl; DTT, dithiothreitol; ERR2, estrogen-related receptor 2; GRMO2, ...
... specificity in exerting their physiological effects. AlFirst Published Online December 8, 2005 Abbreviations: CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; CTE, carboxy-terminal extension; DBD, DNA binding domain; DMT, 5!-dimethoxytrityl; DTT, dithiothreitol; ERR2, estrogen-related receptor 2; GRMO2, ...
Three-dimensional Structure of Goose
... can distinguish subdomains or 'modules' of the structures from which the position of the intron-exon boundaries in the protein sequence can be deduced. A C"-c,, distance (or GO) plot for HEWL is shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal and vertical lines which meet on the diagonal at the intron-exon boundary pos ...
... can distinguish subdomains or 'modules' of the structures from which the position of the intron-exon boundaries in the protein sequence can be deduced. A C"-c,, distance (or GO) plot for HEWL is shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal and vertical lines which meet on the diagonal at the intron-exon boundary pos ...
The role of multifunctional M1 metallopeptidases
... cell cycle and normal growth and development. M1s often have spatiotemporal expression patterns which allow for strict regulation of activity. Mutations in the genes encoding M1s result in disease and are often lethal. This family of zinc metallopeptidases all share the catalytic region containing a ...
... cell cycle and normal growth and development. M1s often have spatiotemporal expression patterns which allow for strict regulation of activity. Mutations in the genes encoding M1s result in disease and are often lethal. This family of zinc metallopeptidases all share the catalytic region containing a ...
The monocarboxylate transporter family
... affinities. They are part of the larger SLC16 family of solute carriers, also known as the MCT family, which has 14 members in total, all sharing conserved sequence motifs. The family includes a high-affinity thyroid hormone transporter (MCT8), an aromatic amino acid transporter (T-type amino acid tra ...
... affinities. They are part of the larger SLC16 family of solute carriers, also known as the MCT family, which has 14 members in total, all sharing conserved sequence motifs. The family includes a high-affinity thyroid hormone transporter (MCT8), an aromatic amino acid transporter (T-type amino acid tra ...
Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol.
... factors express not only the static disorder, which is an ensemble of substates present in solution and trapped in the crystal but also the dynamic disorder, which represents fluctuations in the crystal or otherwise crystal defects. Thus, B-factors cannot be interpreted simply as the amplitude of at ...
... factors express not only the static disorder, which is an ensemble of substates present in solution and trapped in the crystal but also the dynamic disorder, which represents fluctuations in the crystal or otherwise crystal defects. Thus, B-factors cannot be interpreted simply as the amplitude of at ...
Structure and biosynthesis of the signal
... The signal-sequence receptor (SSR) has previously been shown to be a component of the environment which nascent polypeptides meet on passage through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We report here on the primary structure of the SSR as deduced from cDNA clones and from direct protein sequenc ...
... The signal-sequence receptor (SSR) has previously been shown to be a component of the environment which nascent polypeptides meet on passage through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We report here on the primary structure of the SSR as deduced from cDNA clones and from direct protein sequenc ...
Comparative analysis of proteins with a mucus
... To create domains of a uniform size would require either merging of every second repeat of the Lb. plantarum mucusbinding protein with its neighbour or splitting the Lb. reuteri domain in two. However, our sequence analysis suggests that the mucus-binding building blocks of the mucusbinding proteins ...
... To create domains of a uniform size would require either merging of every second repeat of the Lb. plantarum mucusbinding protein with its neighbour or splitting the Lb. reuteri domain in two. However, our sequence analysis suggests that the mucus-binding building blocks of the mucusbinding proteins ...
THE PLANT LECTINS
... Crystallographic structures of ricin (A) and Shiga toxin (B) The plant toxin ricin consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptides with different functions. The A-chain enters the cytosol and inactivates the ribosomes enzymatically (the A chain of ricin has RNA Nglycosidase activity to cleave a speci ...
... Crystallographic structures of ricin (A) and Shiga toxin (B) The plant toxin ricin consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptides with different functions. The A-chain enters the cytosol and inactivates the ribosomes enzymatically (the A chain of ricin has RNA Nglycosidase activity to cleave a speci ...
Translocation Arrest by Reversible Folding of a Precursor Protein
... made use of the following observation. Import and processing of a fusion protein between a mitochondrial presequence (amino acid residues 1-22 of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) t was found to be inhibited after binding of the folate antagonist methotrexate to the D ...
... made use of the following observation. Import and processing of a fusion protein between a mitochondrial presequence (amino acid residues 1-22 of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) t was found to be inhibited after binding of the folate antagonist methotrexate to the D ...
Chemical-Scale Studies of the Phe-Pro Conserved Motif in the Cys
... motif (followed by Phe or Met) lies at the apex of the Cys loop. (These are residues 135 and 136 in the α1 subunit of the muscle-type nAChR, which is the system studied here.) Proline residues are unique among the 20 natural amino acids in several ways. Of particular interest here is the much greate ...
... motif (followed by Phe or Met) lies at the apex of the Cys loop. (These are residues 135 and 136 in the α1 subunit of the muscle-type nAChR, which is the system studied here.) Proline residues are unique among the 20 natural amino acids in several ways. Of particular interest here is the much greate ...
Determination of protein regions responsible for interactions of
... Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, U.K., and §Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway ...
... Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, U.K., and §Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway ...
Interpretation of electron density with stereographic roadmap
... residues, the positional relationship between the amino acid residues and the density can be accurately interpreted (Fig. 4C). Sometimes, it is useful to plot the density on the surface of a deWned sphere (radius RWx), as opposed to projecting a shell of density. In this case, it is more appropriate ...
... residues, the positional relationship between the amino acid residues and the density can be accurately interpreted (Fig. 4C). Sometimes, it is useful to plot the density on the surface of a deWned sphere (radius RWx), as opposed to projecting a shell of density. In this case, it is more appropriate ...
Molecular Immunology Circular Dichroism reveals evidence of coupling between immunoglobulin
... domain. If the final structure of the GXM–Ab complex was solely determined by the V region, similar if not identical CD changes for all isotypes would be expected given that each of the 3E5 isotypes has identical V regions. On the other hand, if the secondary structure of the V region was affected by ...
... domain. If the final structure of the GXM–Ab complex was solely determined by the V region, similar if not identical CD changes for all isotypes would be expected given that each of the 3E5 isotypes has identical V regions. On the other hand, if the secondary structure of the V region was affected by ...
Amino acid sequence and structural repeats in schistosome
... influence of bordering sequences (cf. e-tropomyosin). The coiled coil is stabilized by two types of interaction: non-polar and ionic. Nonpolar residues at positions a and d form a "core" of interlocking hydrophobic side chains. Charged groups, particularly those in positions e and g, can form intram ...
... influence of bordering sequences (cf. e-tropomyosin). The coiled coil is stabilized by two types of interaction: non-polar and ionic. Nonpolar residues at positions a and d form a "core" of interlocking hydrophobic side chains. Charged groups, particularly those in positions e and g, can form intram ...
Structure of a glutamate transporter homologue from Pyrococcus
... diffraction (MAD) experiment21 using a platinum derivative. Six heavy atom sites, arranged as two sites per protomer, confirmed the trimeric subunit stoichiometry of prokaryotic transporters22 and defined a three-fold axis of non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS). The MAD phases were applied to a nati ...
... diffraction (MAD) experiment21 using a platinum derivative. Six heavy atom sites, arranged as two sites per protomer, confirmed the trimeric subunit stoichiometry of prokaryotic transporters22 and defined a three-fold axis of non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS). The MAD phases were applied to a nati ...
New insight into plant intramembrane proteases
... presence of 6 α-helixes forming the core of the catalytic domain and an additional α-helix at their N-terminus. The group of proteins containing, beside the 6 α-helixes of the core, an additional α-helix at their C-terminus are classified as secretase-A type. The characteristic features of this type ...
... presence of 6 α-helixes forming the core of the catalytic domain and an additional α-helix at their N-terminus. The group of proteins containing, beside the 6 α-helixes of the core, an additional α-helix at their C-terminus are classified as secretase-A type. The characteristic features of this type ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... the neurotoxicity in mice and prevented death. These studies open a new frontier in Medical studies where dosage of thearubigin can be formed, implemented and use in large scale in protecting botulinum neurotoxicity. The dosage can be formulated and measured in individual basis with the help of Comp ...
... the neurotoxicity in mice and prevented death. These studies open a new frontier in Medical studies where dosage of thearubigin can be formed, implemented and use in large scale in protecting botulinum neurotoxicity. The dosage can be formulated and measured in individual basis with the help of Comp ...
Cadherin adhesion depends on a salt bridge at the N
... molecule. A multi-basic recognition motif is cleaved by furin proteases to give the mature cadherin molecule that has a conserved tryptophan as the second amino acid from the Nterminus. Failure to remove the prodomain prevents adhesion (Koch et al., 2004; Ozawa and Kemler, 1990). The presence of eve ...
... molecule. A multi-basic recognition motif is cleaved by furin proteases to give the mature cadherin molecule that has a conserved tryptophan as the second amino acid from the Nterminus. Failure to remove the prodomain prevents adhesion (Koch et al., 2004; Ozawa and Kemler, 1990). The presence of eve ...
Variations in amino acid composition in bacterial single stranded
... EcoSSB has become one of the standard models for studying ssDNA-SSB interactions, a comprehensive review of which can be found in the work of Shereda and co-authors (5). The crystal structure of EcoSSB proved that the functional protein exists as a homotetramer (6). Since then, most eubacterial SSBs ...
... EcoSSB has become one of the standard models for studying ssDNA-SSB interactions, a comprehensive review of which can be found in the work of Shereda and co-authors (5). The crystal structure of EcoSSB proved that the functional protein exists as a homotetramer (6). Since then, most eubacterial SSBs ...
Conserved Tryptophan Residues within Putative Transmembrane
... out that mutants located within TMs often result in functional changes (Kalliokoski and Niemi, 2009). In the present study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to study the involvement of amino acid residues within the putative TM6 of OATP1B1 in substrate transport. Of the 24 amino acids analyzed, F26 ...
... out that mutants located within TMs often result in functional changes (Kalliokoski and Niemi, 2009). In the present study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to study the involvement of amino acid residues within the putative TM6 of OATP1B1 in substrate transport. Of the 24 amino acids analyzed, F26 ...
Proteins and their Ligands: Their Importance and how to Crystallize
... programs in the pharmaceutical industry but also by structural genomics programs. Although the function of a protein can be studied by several biochemical and or biophysical techniques a molecular understanding of a protein can only be obtained by combining functional data with the three-dimensional ...
... programs in the pharmaceutical industry but also by structural genomics programs. Although the function of a protein can be studied by several biochemical and or biophysical techniques a molecular understanding of a protein can only be obtained by combining functional data with the three-dimensional ...
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.