Biology 6 Test 1 Study Guide
... iii. Chemiosmosis – production of ATP by a proton (H+) gradient. 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back across membrane. 2. ATP synthase: force of proton movement turns powers ATP synthesis. 3. Electrons accepted by various mol ...
... iii. Chemiosmosis – production of ATP by a proton (H+) gradient. 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back across membrane. 2. ATP synthase: force of proton movement turns powers ATP synthesis. 3. Electrons accepted by various mol ...
1 Cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and regulation I. Structure and
... HMG-CoA reductase activity is the amount of free cholesterol inside the cell. Knowing that the cell measured external cholesterol levels according to their affect on internal levels, Brown and Goldstein looked for a cell-surface receptor that might mediate cholesterol uptake. Since cholesterol in LD ...
... HMG-CoA reductase activity is the amount of free cholesterol inside the cell. Knowing that the cell measured external cholesterol levels according to their affect on internal levels, Brown and Goldstein looked for a cell-surface receptor that might mediate cholesterol uptake. Since cholesterol in LD ...
Effects of mutation on key amino acid residues in
... the hydrophobic cleft in MDM2 [2]. The proline rich region (amino acid residues 61-94) stabilizes p53 from degradation by MDM2 mediated pathway [3]. The central DNA binding core domain (amino acid residues 102-292), most conserved among all the domains is responsible for sequence specific binding to ...
... the hydrophobic cleft in MDM2 [2]. The proline rich region (amino acid residues 61-94) stabilizes p53 from degradation by MDM2 mediated pathway [3]. The central DNA binding core domain (amino acid residues 102-292), most conserved among all the domains is responsible for sequence specific binding to ...
Intrinsically Disordered Domains of the B Cell Receptor
... Integral membrane proteins (MPs), embedded in the membrane, provide critical roles in cell-to-cell contact, cytoskeleton contact, surface recognition, signaling, enzymatic activity and transportation of substances across the membrane [1]. MPs are also important for drug research, accounting for over ...
... Integral membrane proteins (MPs), embedded in the membrane, provide critical roles in cell-to-cell contact, cytoskeleton contact, surface recognition, signaling, enzymatic activity and transportation of substances across the membrane [1]. MPs are also important for drug research, accounting for over ...
Carbohydrates - the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
... Four subclasses of O-glycosidic linkages see Fig. 10.23 ...
... Four subclasses of O-glycosidic linkages see Fig. 10.23 ...
Entropy and enthalpy of interaction between amino acid side chains
... The interplay of a number of factors, including alterations in interactions between amino acid side chains upon confinement, determines changes in protein stability. Previously, we showed27, 29 that confinement in cylindrical pores greatly alters interactions between amino acid side chains (SCs): ph ...
... The interplay of a number of factors, including alterations in interactions between amino acid side chains upon confinement, determines changes in protein stability. Previously, we showed27, 29 that confinement in cylindrical pores greatly alters interactions between amino acid side chains (SCs): ph ...
Partial Class Notes Chapter 10 Carbohydrates
... Four subclasses of O-glycosidic linkages see Fig. 10.23 ...
... Four subclasses of O-glycosidic linkages see Fig. 10.23 ...
Three multidomain esterases from the cellulolytic
... (McDermid et al., 1990 ; Hespell & O’Bryan-Shah, 1988). There is little evidence so far for the involvement of esterase activities in cell wall degradation by Ruminococcus spp. (Akin et al., 1993), which represent one of the most numerous groups of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Although it has ...
... (McDermid et al., 1990 ; Hespell & O’Bryan-Shah, 1988). There is little evidence so far for the involvement of esterase activities in cell wall degradation by Ruminococcus spp. (Akin et al., 1993), which represent one of the most numerous groups of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Although it has ...
Interaction interfaces of protein domains are not topologically
... interdomain interfaces, the domains were extracted from the quaternary structure file from the PDB using the domain definitions in the PASS2 alignment. The PSA program was run on both the extracted domain (chain/ domain) and the intact complex. Using the criteria described above, the interfacial resid ...
... interdomain interfaces, the domains were extracted from the quaternary structure file from the PDB using the domain definitions in the PASS2 alignment. The PSA program was run on both the extracted domain (chain/ domain) and the intact complex. Using the criteria described above, the interfacial resid ...
toxicity
... Unconstraint gas diffusion and substances dissolved in this gases can take place. Inhaled ksenobiotics may cause : Demage of respiratory system tissues Intoxication af entire organism as a result of blood vascular system penetration Amount of toxin introduced to lungs in form of gas, aeros ...
... Unconstraint gas diffusion and substances dissolved in this gases can take place. Inhaled ksenobiotics may cause : Demage of respiratory system tissues Intoxication af entire organism as a result of blood vascular system penetration Amount of toxin introduced to lungs in form of gas, aeros ...
Allantoin transport protein, PucI, from Bacillus subtilis
... Fig. 1. Metabolic pathway for catabolism of purine nucleobases in B. subtilis. The large oval represents the inner cell membrane of B. subtilis containing transport proteins for purine nucleobases and their catabolites (black circles) encoded by the given genes: pbuG (hypoxanthine and guanine), pbuX ...
... Fig. 1. Metabolic pathway for catabolism of purine nucleobases in B. subtilis. The large oval represents the inner cell membrane of B. subtilis containing transport proteins for purine nucleobases and their catabolites (black circles) encoded by the given genes: pbuG (hypoxanthine and guanine), pbuX ...
cell biology and membrane biochemistry
... interface and the hydrophobic tail faces outwards to the air. As the concentration of lipid molecules increases, they tend to close and expel water to form MICELLES (Fig. 6) where the hydrophilic heads interact with the aqueous medium and the tails with each other with some aqueous solution trapped ...
... interface and the hydrophobic tail faces outwards to the air. As the concentration of lipid molecules increases, they tend to close and expel water to form MICELLES (Fig. 6) where the hydrophilic heads interact with the aqueous medium and the tails with each other with some aqueous solution trapped ...
Conservation and relative importance of residues across protein
... consequently have different evolutionary pressure for their conservation. The degree of conservation of each interface residue can be defined in terms of sequence entropy at that position in the polypeptide chain across all of the homologous proteins. At least three types of contacts can be identifi ...
... consequently have different evolutionary pressure for their conservation. The degree of conservation of each interface residue can be defined in terms of sequence entropy at that position in the polypeptide chain across all of the homologous proteins. At least three types of contacts can be identifi ...
Protein structure
... The “Rosetta Stone” methods was applied to sequence families lacking known structures. For 80 of 131 proteins, one of the top five ranked models successfully predicted the structure within 6.0 Å RMSD (Bonneau et al., 2002). ...
... The “Rosetta Stone” methods was applied to sequence families lacking known structures. For 80 of 131 proteins, one of the top five ranked models successfully predicted the structure within 6.0 Å RMSD (Bonneau et al., 2002). ...
PDF - University of California, San Francisco
... We present and evaluate a model for the secondary structure and membrane orientation of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum that controls the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. This model is derived from proteolysis experiments that separate t ...
... We present and evaluate a model for the secondary structure and membrane orientation of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum that controls the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. This model is derived from proteolysis experiments that separate t ...
Crystal structure of mouse coronavirus receptor
... of the two hydrophobic patches. Furthermore, single NTD substitutions R20A, R20K, and N26A significantly decreased viral infectivity, confirming the significance of the hydrogen bonds between Arg20 and mCEACAM1a and between Asn26 and mCEACAM1a. A naturally occurring Q159L mutation in MHV NTD caused sma ...
... of the two hydrophobic patches. Furthermore, single NTD substitutions R20A, R20K, and N26A significantly decreased viral infectivity, confirming the significance of the hydrogen bonds between Arg20 and mCEACAM1a and between Asn26 and mCEACAM1a. A naturally occurring Q159L mutation in MHV NTD caused sma ...
CHAPTER 6
... interactions and immunological reactions are at the outside surface of cells. • Transverse asymmetry of proteins – Mark Bretscher showed that N-terminus of glycophorin is extracellular whereas C-terminus is intracellular. (Fig 9.14) • Transverse asymmetry of lipids – In most cell membranes, the comp ...
... interactions and immunological reactions are at the outside surface of cells. • Transverse asymmetry of proteins – Mark Bretscher showed that N-terminus of glycophorin is extracellular whereas C-terminus is intracellular. (Fig 9.14) • Transverse asymmetry of lipids – In most cell membranes, the comp ...
tRNA aminoacylation by arginyltRNA synthetase: induced
... recognition or binding: (i) exposed aromatic or aliphatic residues that are involved in van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions; (ii) positively charged residues that interact with the sugar±phosphate backbone; and (iii) polar side chains that are involved in direct or water-mediated interactions ...
... recognition or binding: (i) exposed aromatic or aliphatic residues that are involved in van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions; (ii) positively charged residues that interact with the sugar±phosphate backbone; and (iii) polar side chains that are involved in direct or water-mediated interactions ...
Structure of the FHA1 Domain of Yeast Rad53 and Identification of
... packing of the C-terminal helix against the top b-sheet does not occur in FHA1. In FHA1, a helix immediately follows b10. Comparison between the structures of FHA1 and FHA2 also allows us to de®ne further the ``minimal structural unit'' of an FHA domain. By eliminating the N-terminal and C-terminal ...
... packing of the C-terminal helix against the top b-sheet does not occur in FHA1. In FHA1, a helix immediately follows b10. Comparison between the structures of FHA1 and FHA2 also allows us to de®ne further the ``minimal structural unit'' of an FHA domain. By eliminating the N-terminal and C-terminal ...
Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of the Toll
... (Figure 1). The cloned full-length sequence of the PmToll cDNA consists of 4144 nucleotides containing a 5'-UTR of 366 nucleotides, a 3'-terminal UTR of 985 nucleotides with a classical polyadenylation signal sequence (AATAAA) and a poly A-tail of 27 nucleotides, and an open reading frame coding for ...
... (Figure 1). The cloned full-length sequence of the PmToll cDNA consists of 4144 nucleotides containing a 5'-UTR of 366 nucleotides, a 3'-terminal UTR of 985 nucleotides with a classical polyadenylation signal sequence (AATAAA) and a poly A-tail of 27 nucleotides, and an open reading frame coding for ...
A Study of the Membrane–Water Interface Region of Membrane
... Monotopic membrane proteins Monotopic membrane proteins are soluble proteins or protein domains that bind to the surface of the membrane. As a comparison, we have analyzed four proteins listed as monotopic in the Membrane ...
... Monotopic membrane proteins Monotopic membrane proteins are soluble proteins or protein domains that bind to the surface of the membrane. As a comparison, we have analyzed four proteins listed as monotopic in the Membrane ...
Question paper - Unit F214/01
... A private medical group has admitted to the charge of carrying out illegal kidney transplants at one of its hospitals. The people from whom the kidneys were taken were poor and some were below the legal age of consent. They were paid for the kidneys, which were sold to wealthy people who needed ...
... A private medical group has admitted to the charge of carrying out illegal kidney transplants at one of its hospitals. The people from whom the kidneys were taken were poor and some were below the legal age of consent. They were paid for the kidneys, which were sold to wealthy people who needed ...
1dl5 Lichtarge lab 2006
... at least 10Å2 , which is roughly the area needed for one water molecule to come in the contact with the residue. Furthermore, we require that these residues form a “cluster” of residues which have neighbor within 5Å from any of their heavy atoms. Note, however, that, if our picture of protein evol ...
... at least 10Å2 , which is roughly the area needed for one water molecule to come in the contact with the residue. Furthermore, we require that these residues form a “cluster” of residues which have neighbor within 5Å from any of their heavy atoms. Note, however, that, if our picture of protein evol ...
N-Terminal Intramolecularly Conserved Histidines of Three Domains
... molecule (5). The removal of ∼50 amino acids from each of the domains resulted in a further loss of activity at pH 6.3, with values ranging from 3% to 14% of the full-length protein value (Table 2). The pH-activity profiles for the different constructs are shown in Figure 2. Both the full-length pro ...
... molecule (5). The removal of ∼50 amino acids from each of the domains resulted in a further loss of activity at pH 6.3, with values ranging from 3% to 14% of the full-length protein value (Table 2). The pH-activity profiles for the different constructs are shown in Figure 2. Both the full-length pro ...
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.