Projection Structure of a Plant Vacuole Membrane Aquaporin by
... the rehydration of PSVs, osmoregulate the cytoplasm during nutrient export from the PSVs, or adjust vacuolar volume as the central vacuole reforms (reviewed by Maurel et al., 1997). The major intrinsic protein (MIP) family is highly conserved, with members appearing in plants, animals, fungi, and ba ...
... the rehydration of PSVs, osmoregulate the cytoplasm during nutrient export from the PSVs, or adjust vacuolar volume as the central vacuole reforms (reviewed by Maurel et al., 1997). The major intrinsic protein (MIP) family is highly conserved, with members appearing in plants, animals, fungi, and ba ...
letters Structure of -lactam synthetase reveals how to
... between two negatively charged residues, Glu 382 and Asp 373. One CEA η-nitrogen is hydrogen bonded to the side chain of Glu 382, and both η-nitrogens are linked to the carbonyl oxygen of Asp 373 via a water molecule. The CEA Arg side chain is also held in position by the side chain of Tyr 326. The ...
... between two negatively charged residues, Glu 382 and Asp 373. One CEA η-nitrogen is hydrogen bonded to the side chain of Glu 382, and both η-nitrogens are linked to the carbonyl oxygen of Asp 373 via a water molecule. The CEA Arg side chain is also held in position by the side chain of Tyr 326. The ...
Immunophilins and Parvulins. Superfamily of
... immunophilins facilitate protein folding in vivo. Evidence for this hypothesis is accumulating (Fruman et al., 1994; Brenner and Wainberg, 2001). Several studies suggest that immunophilins play a role in protein trafficking (Patterson et al., 2000). A genetic analysis shows that cyclophilin homolog ...
... immunophilins facilitate protein folding in vivo. Evidence for this hypothesis is accumulating (Fruman et al., 1994; Brenner and Wainberg, 2001). Several studies suggest that immunophilins play a role in protein trafficking (Patterson et al., 2000). A genetic analysis shows that cyclophilin homolog ...
-portal.org Journal of Molecular Biology
... coupled. For the integration of individual TM sequences into the membrane, it is expected that TM segments will preadopt a helical state, 3,4 due to the significant free-energy penalty of embedding an exposed polypeptide backbone into the hydrophobic membrane core. 5 Similarly, the formation of inte ...
... coupled. For the integration of individual TM sequences into the membrane, it is expected that TM segments will preadopt a helical state, 3,4 due to the significant free-energy penalty of embedding an exposed polypeptide backbone into the hydrophobic membrane core. 5 Similarly, the formation of inte ...
High-resolution mapping of protein sequence
... domain matches a consensus sequence generated from 72 WW domains at 11 of the 25 variable residues. Of these 11 residues, ten were intolerant of mutation in the selection experiment (Fig. 2c). These data are consistent with studies showing that mutationintolerant regions in vitro are generally conse ...
... domain matches a consensus sequence generated from 72 WW domains at 11 of the 25 variable residues. Of these 11 residues, ten were intolerant of mutation in the selection experiment (Fig. 2c). These data are consistent with studies showing that mutationintolerant regions in vitro are generally conse ...
Tyrosine cross-linking of extracellular matrix is catalyzed by Duox, a
... Tissue distribution of h-Duox mRNA As shown in Fig. 3, h-Duox1 mRNA was distributed among a variety of adult tissues with highest expression in lung and thyroid but with significant expression also seen in placenta, testis, and prostate, and with detectable expression in pancreas and heart. h-Duox1 ...
... Tissue distribution of h-Duox mRNA As shown in Fig. 3, h-Duox1 mRNA was distributed among a variety of adult tissues with highest expression in lung and thyroid but with significant expression also seen in placenta, testis, and prostate, and with detectable expression in pancreas and heart. h-Duox1 ...
Structural determinants of cold adaptation and stability in a
... It is generally agreed that the hydrophobic effect is the main factor in stabilizing folded conformations (MATTHEWS, 1993). As shown in Figure 3, the insertion of a non-polar group into a hydrophobic core cluster creates a stabilization center in the protein and in the peculiar case of AHA promotes ...
... It is generally agreed that the hydrophobic effect is the main factor in stabilizing folded conformations (MATTHEWS, 1993). As shown in Figure 3, the insertion of a non-polar group into a hydrophobic core cluster creates a stabilization center in the protein and in the peculiar case of AHA promotes ...
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5, Methods
... The expression of Globo-H on (A) MCF-7 cells and (B) MDA-MB-157 cells was determined by flow cytometry with mAbVK9. (C) Microvesicles (MVs, 50g) harvested from the supernatants of MDA-MB-157 cells (MB-MVs) were incubated with HUVECs for 4h and examined for surface Globo-H. (D) Serial dilutions of M ...
... The expression of Globo-H on (A) MCF-7 cells and (B) MDA-MB-157 cells was determined by flow cytometry with mAbVK9. (C) Microvesicles (MVs, 50g) harvested from the supernatants of MDA-MB-157 cells (MB-MVs) were incubated with HUVECs for 4h and examined for surface Globo-H. (D) Serial dilutions of M ...
an introduction to alpha-fetoprotein and the growth inhibitory peptide
... • Signaling proteins- including cell-surface receptors and other proteins that transmit external signals to the cell interior. • Motor proteins- they are those which cause motion. • Enzymes- specialized proteins which are capable of catalyzing an incredible range of intracellular and extracellular c ...
... • Signaling proteins- including cell-surface receptors and other proteins that transmit external signals to the cell interior. • Motor proteins- they are those which cause motion. • Enzymes- specialized proteins which are capable of catalyzing an incredible range of intracellular and extracellular c ...
Full-Text PDF
... have found that the triolide of R-3HB forms crown ester complexes with alkali metals; Burger and Seebach [39] have shown that oligomers of R-3HB transport alkali and alkaline earth salts across methylene chloride layers in U-tubes; Seebach et al. [40] have demonstrated that PHB of 16 residues or mul ...
... have found that the triolide of R-3HB forms crown ester complexes with alkali metals; Burger and Seebach [39] have shown that oligomers of R-3HB transport alkali and alkaline earth salts across methylene chloride layers in U-tubes; Seebach et al. [40] have demonstrated that PHB of 16 residues or mul ...
Comparative Analysis of Two C-Terminal Kinesin Motor
... regions of their tail domains. Specific antisera to these motors were used to determine their localization to distinct subcellular compartments, the spindle for KIFC5A or membranous organelles for KIFC1. In addition to defining the intracellular localization of KIFC1, the reactivity of the KIFC1 ant ...
... regions of their tail domains. Specific antisera to these motors were used to determine their localization to distinct subcellular compartments, the spindle for KIFC5A or membranous organelles for KIFC1. In addition to defining the intracellular localization of KIFC1, the reactivity of the KIFC1 ant ...
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within
... substrate binding site is located in a cleft between the two domains. Two kinds of conformations of CS have been identified: one is termed “open” and the other “closed.” CS is in the “open” conformation when the active site is not occupied and is thus free to bind substrate molecules for the enzyme c ...
... substrate binding site is located in a cleft between the two domains. Two kinds of conformations of CS have been identified: one is termed “open” and the other “closed.” CS is in the “open” conformation when the active site is not occupied and is thus free to bind substrate molecules for the enzyme c ...
uncorrected proof
... closed conformation in the crystal form L with one molecule per asymmetric unit as well as in the crystal form H, which hosts two molecules per asymmetric unit. Structural comparison of the a-actinin ABD with plectin (Figure 2(a); Table 2) and fimbrin (Table 2) gives an r.m.s. deviation of 1.46 Å ( ...
... closed conformation in the crystal form L with one molecule per asymmetric unit as well as in the crystal form H, which hosts two molecules per asymmetric unit. Structural comparison of the a-actinin ABD with plectin (Figure 2(a); Table 2) and fimbrin (Table 2) gives an r.m.s. deviation of 1.46 Å ( ...
FROM THE MAR DEL PLATA COAST (ARGENTINA)
... lower levels occurred in the foot and mucous secretion (Table 2). Toxin composition of the different species anaIyzed were similar to each other, with STX as the main component (87 - 99%) and only trace amounts of neoSTX, dcSTX, GTX2 and GTX3 (Table 1). In relation to the viscera, the foot and the m ...
... lower levels occurred in the foot and mucous secretion (Table 2). Toxin composition of the different species anaIyzed were similar to each other, with STX as the main component (87 - 99%) and only trace amounts of neoSTX, dcSTX, GTX2 and GTX3 (Table 1). In relation to the viscera, the foot and the m ...
Evidence of cytotoxic activity against mammalian red blood cell of
... actions by sea anemones. The presence of type 1 and 2 toxins seems to be taxonomical related; infact, Actiniidae family shows only type 1 toxin, while either type 1 or 2 toxins are present in Stichodactylidae family. Type 3 Na+ channel toxin is only identified in a few species and it is composed of ...
... actions by sea anemones. The presence of type 1 and 2 toxins seems to be taxonomical related; infact, Actiniidae family shows only type 1 toxin, while either type 1 or 2 toxins are present in Stichodactylidae family. Type 3 Na+ channel toxin is only identified in a few species and it is composed of ...
Microbial interactions
... Bacterium is released unharmed Avoidance of host defenses Intracellular infections Certain bacteria able to survive and multiply inside phagocyte Infected white blood cell aids in dispersal of the pathogen Host Damage Pathogens damage host in two ways Toxigenicity Large numbers Toxins Usually cause ...
... Bacterium is released unharmed Avoidance of host defenses Intracellular infections Certain bacteria able to survive and multiply inside phagocyte Infected white blood cell aids in dispersal of the pathogen Host Damage Pathogens damage host in two ways Toxigenicity Large numbers Toxins Usually cause ...
European Journal of Biochemistry
... should n o t grossly alter the conformation or localizatim of (Fig. I b). Subseqiiently. t h i s purified plasmid and p.iP79 D N A M C I W the protein. The following lines of evidence indicate that the wparately digested with Hglll and G o R I . Plasmid DX/\ fragments PhoE* protein is norinally fold ...
... should n o t grossly alter the conformation or localizatim of (Fig. I b). Subseqiiently. t h i s purified plasmid and p.iP79 D N A M C I W the protein. The following lines of evidence indicate that the wparately digested with Hglll and G o R I . Plasmid DX/\ fragments PhoE* protein is norinally fold ...
The Lamin B Receptor of the Nuclear Envelope Inner Membrane: A
... anchorage of the lamina to this membrane. Three other proteins (p75, p68, and p55) that are recognized by a single monoclonal antibody have also been characterized as integral proteins of the inner nuclear membrane and proposed to be associated either directly or indirectly with the lamina (38). The ...
... anchorage of the lamina to this membrane. Three other proteins (p75, p68, and p55) that are recognized by a single monoclonal antibody have also been characterized as integral proteins of the inner nuclear membrane and proposed to be associated either directly or indirectly with the lamina (38). The ...
Heinrichs, V., and Baker, B. S.
... (17), and thalassemic human b-globin pre-mRNA (18, 19). In addition to involvement in alternative splicing, SR proteins can also function as general splicing factors in vitro (4, 20). A common feature of the SR proteins is their domain structure. The SR proteins, including RBP1, share a Nterminal RN ...
... (17), and thalassemic human b-globin pre-mRNA (18, 19). In addition to involvement in alternative splicing, SR proteins can also function as general splicing factors in vitro (4, 20). A common feature of the SR proteins is their domain structure. The SR proteins, including RBP1, share a Nterminal RN ...
A bioinformatics study concerning the structural and functional
... caveolae and as a regulatory element able to activate or inhibit the signalling activity of a given protein.10,11 Moreover, the interactions of cav1 with other proteins may also be mediated by other regions.12 The CSD includes a short amino acid sequence, residues 94–101, known as the CRAC (choleste ...
... caveolae and as a regulatory element able to activate or inhibit the signalling activity of a given protein.10,11 Moreover, the interactions of cav1 with other proteins may also be mediated by other regions.12 The CSD includes a short amino acid sequence, residues 94–101, known as the CRAC (choleste ...
CH2O -OCH CH2O- - f.a. #1 f.a.#2 f.a.#3 f.a. = fatty acid.
... nutrients can enter and waste products leave-it is not totally impermeable. Macroscopic material can enter via phagocytosis (solids) or pinocytosis (liquids)-remember Amoeba-while material in solution passes through the membrane via some transport device. It is this protection requirement of the mem ...
... nutrients can enter and waste products leave-it is not totally impermeable. Macroscopic material can enter via phagocytosis (solids) or pinocytosis (liquids)-remember Amoeba-while material in solution passes through the membrane via some transport device. It is this protection requirement of the mem ...
NMR analysis of protein interactions
... is mainly associated with DNA regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, it has been found to bind RNA as well. The X-ray structure of the complex of a triple ZF domain of TFIIIA with a truncated 5S RNA shows how the a-helices of the different ZFs interact with the phosphate backbone and the ...
... is mainly associated with DNA regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, it has been found to bind RNA as well. The X-ray structure of the complex of a triple ZF domain of TFIIIA with a truncated 5S RNA shows how the a-helices of the different ZFs interact with the phosphate backbone and the ...
Pharmacophore screening of the Protein Data Bank for specific
... required residue types, but also the relative geometry. The number of unique sites selected using various radius (Qm/n) and direction (Qv) b-factors is shown in Fig. 3 (results from the individual pharmacophore queries were merged and redundant hits were clustered). Ultimately, the objective is not ...
... required residue types, but also the relative geometry. The number of unique sites selected using various radius (Qm/n) and direction (Qv) b-factors is shown in Fig. 3 (results from the individual pharmacophore queries were merged and redundant hits were clustered). Ultimately, the objective is not ...
Environmental Health and Toxicology
... • The time to the onset of toxicity depends on how quickly plasma levels of the toxic compound may be achieved. • The capillary walls have pores 毛孔of up to 0.003 µm (3 nm纳米)in diameter between them. • The water-soluble compounds of up to 60,000 molecular mass enter and exit the bloodstream by filtra ...
... • The time to the onset of toxicity depends on how quickly plasma levels of the toxic compound may be achieved. • The capillary walls have pores 毛孔of up to 0.003 µm (3 nm纳米)in diameter between them. • The water-soluble compounds of up to 60,000 molecular mass enter and exit the bloodstream by filtra ...
Structural insights into the first incision reaction
... complex and mediates the incision three or four nucleotides 30 to the damaged site, followed by a second incision seven nucleotides 50 to the damaged site (Sancar and Rupp, 1983; Lin and Sancar, 1992a, b; Verhoeven et al, 2000). UvrD (helicase II) and DNA polymerase I (polI) are required for turnove ...
... complex and mediates the incision three or four nucleotides 30 to the damaged site, followed by a second incision seven nucleotides 50 to the damaged site (Sancar and Rupp, 1983; Lin and Sancar, 1992a, b; Verhoeven et al, 2000). UvrD (helicase II) and DNA polymerase I (polI) are required for turnove ...
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the generation of macromolecular assemblies, and on protein translocation, pore formation, endocytosis, and other biochemical processes.