Biochemistry Final
... interactions with the environment. For example, alpha-helices that have amino acids with hydrophobic side groups tend to be found in hydrophobic environments, such as the plasma membrane. These helices tend to be part of transmembrane proteins, where the transmembrane domain is made of hydrophobic ...
... interactions with the environment. For example, alpha-helices that have amino acids with hydrophobic side groups tend to be found in hydrophobic environments, such as the plasma membrane. These helices tend to be part of transmembrane proteins, where the transmembrane domain is made of hydrophobic ...
Lactic Acid Fermentation vs. Alcoholic Fermentation
... ● Chemical formula for lactic acid fermentation: ○ C3H4O3 + C21H27N7O14P2 + → Alcohol + C21H27N7O14P2 ○ Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + NAD+ ...
... ● Chemical formula for lactic acid fermentation: ○ C3H4O3 + C21H27N7O14P2 + → Alcohol + C21H27N7O14P2 ○ Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + NAD+ ...
DNA polymerase active site is highly mutable
... extent of the conformational change of the finger motif during the dNTP binding step (Fig. 1), and is replaced only by amino acids that can fit into this pocket. Glu-615 hydrogen bonds with Tyr-671 (a residue located in helix O within the finger motif and stacks with the base portion of the incoming ...
... extent of the conformational change of the finger motif during the dNTP binding step (Fig. 1), and is replaced only by amino acids that can fit into this pocket. Glu-615 hydrogen bonds with Tyr-671 (a residue located in helix O within the finger motif and stacks with the base portion of the incoming ...
CHE-120 Test 4
... E) the nonpolar tails of the salt dissolve in the grease and the polar salt ends dissolve in water. 15) Glycerophospholipids can interact both with other lipids and water because they contain A) saturated fatty acids. B) double bonds. C) polar regions and nonpolar regions. D) glycerol. E) cholestero ...
... E) the nonpolar tails of the salt dissolve in the grease and the polar salt ends dissolve in water. 15) Glycerophospholipids can interact both with other lipids and water because they contain A) saturated fatty acids. B) double bonds. C) polar regions and nonpolar regions. D) glycerol. E) cholestero ...
Załącznik nr 3 do Zarządzenia Rektora PUM…………………….. z
... enzymatic reactions. Isoenzymes: properties and importance in the enzymology diagnosis. Functional and non-functional plasma enzymes. The rate of the enzyme reaction. Factors affecting the rate of the enzyme reaction. The kinetics of enzymatic catalysis. Active place and allosteric site: structure a ...
... enzymatic reactions. Isoenzymes: properties and importance in the enzymology diagnosis. Functional and non-functional plasma enzymes. The rate of the enzyme reaction. Factors affecting the rate of the enzyme reaction. The kinetics of enzymatic catalysis. Active place and allosteric site: structure a ...
Document
... ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is the energy currency of cells. – ATP is the immediate source of energy that powers most forms of cellular work. – It is composed of adenine (a nitrogenous base), ribose (a five-carbon sugar), and three phosphate groups. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is the energy currency of cells. – ATP is the immediate source of energy that powers most forms of cellular work. – It is composed of adenine (a nitrogenous base), ribose (a five-carbon sugar), and three phosphate groups. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Inborn errors of Metabolism (IEM)
... • Most lab’s have a urine “metabolic screen” • Common initial profile: Urine; Organic acids Amino acids Sugar Chromatography Oligosaccharides Mucopolysaccharides Blood; Amino acids Acylcarnitines ...
... • Most lab’s have a urine “metabolic screen” • Common initial profile: Urine; Organic acids Amino acids Sugar Chromatography Oligosaccharides Mucopolysaccharides Blood; Amino acids Acylcarnitines ...
Malonate decarboxylase of Pseudomonas putida is composed of
... malonate decarboxylase from K. pneumoniae. The Klebsiella enzyme, however, was composed of the four subunits K (MdcA), L (MdcD), Q (MdcE), and N (MdcC) lacking MdcH [6]. There are several discrepancies between Pseudomonas enzyme and Klebsiella enzyme in point of the subunit composition and the neces ...
... malonate decarboxylase from K. pneumoniae. The Klebsiella enzyme, however, was composed of the four subunits K (MdcA), L (MdcD), Q (MdcE), and N (MdcC) lacking MdcH [6]. There are several discrepancies between Pseudomonas enzyme and Klebsiella enzyme in point of the subunit composition and the neces ...
ppt
... • Gln, Gly, Asp are donors of C and N atoms • CO2 is a source of C • C1 units are transferred via tetrahydrofolate „Salvage pathway“: • purines from normal turnover of cellular NA can be converted to nucleoside triphosphates • substrates: purine bases, PRPP, ATP ...
... • Gln, Gly, Asp are donors of C and N atoms • CO2 is a source of C • C1 units are transferred via tetrahydrofolate „Salvage pathway“: • purines from normal turnover of cellular NA can be converted to nucleoside triphosphates • substrates: purine bases, PRPP, ATP ...
The molecules of life - Breakthrough Science Society
... Breakthrough, Vol. 12, No.2, February 2007 ...
... Breakthrough, Vol. 12, No.2, February 2007 ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2000 - Third Exam
... A mutant lysozyme was made such that Asp53 was replaced with Asn. Would this enzyme still be active? Why? Do you expect the activity to be the same, decrease, or increase? Justify your answer. Asp53 stabilizes the carbocation. It is not essential for activity, but replacement of it with Asn would re ...
... A mutant lysozyme was made such that Asp53 was replaced with Asn. Would this enzyme still be active? Why? Do you expect the activity to be the same, decrease, or increase? Justify your answer. Asp53 stabilizes the carbocation. It is not essential for activity, but replacement of it with Asn would re ...
CHAPTER 6
... E.C. increases, the rates of R reactions decline, but U reactions go faster. ATP is consumed, and E.C. drops. Below the point of intersection, R processes are more active and U processes are slower, so E.C. recovers. Energycharge oscillates about a steady-state value determined by the intersection p ...
... E.C. increases, the rates of R reactions decline, but U reactions go faster. ATP is consumed, and E.C. drops. Below the point of intersection, R processes are more active and U processes are slower, so E.C. recovers. Energycharge oscillates about a steady-state value determined by the intersection p ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle The First of the Final Common Pathways
... This reaction is catalyzed by the Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex. The electrons removed from succinate are initially accepted by a covalently bound FAD to form FADH2. To regenerate the enzyme these electrons must be passed to a second electron acceptor. In the case of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Co ...
... This reaction is catalyzed by the Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex. The electrons removed from succinate are initially accepted by a covalently bound FAD to form FADH2. To regenerate the enzyme these electrons must be passed to a second electron acceptor. In the case of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Co ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... and hydrogen sulphide is a gas. This unusual behaviour of water arises from its unique property of forming weak bonds called hydrogen bonds. In water, large number of H2O molecules are held together by these bonds which form between O and H, thus effectively forming a giant molecule. As is the rule, ...
... and hydrogen sulphide is a gas. This unusual behaviour of water arises from its unique property of forming weak bonds called hydrogen bonds. In water, large number of H2O molecules are held together by these bonds which form between O and H, thus effectively forming a giant molecule. As is the rule, ...
Effects of Leaf and Root Extracts of Newbouldia laevis on Hepatic
... medicinal value and these plants have been used to make modern medicines which are now presented by physicians and available for purchase at the drug stores. Today, traditional medicine has been brought into focus for meeting the goals of a wider coverage of primary healthcare delivery not only in A ...
... medicinal value and these plants have been used to make modern medicines which are now presented by physicians and available for purchase at the drug stores. Today, traditional medicine has been brought into focus for meeting the goals of a wider coverage of primary healthcare delivery not only in A ...
Poster for RCPSC mee.. - University of Alberta
... environmental stress (heat, UV irradiation), and chemotherapeutic agents. The accumulation of ceramide activates JNK/SAPK, PKCζ, caspases as well as PP1 and PP2A. Substrates of PP1 and PP2A that are dephosphorylated in response to either ceramide-inducing agonists or addition of exogenous ceramide i ...
... environmental stress (heat, UV irradiation), and chemotherapeutic agents. The accumulation of ceramide activates JNK/SAPK, PKCζ, caspases as well as PP1 and PP2A. Substrates of PP1 and PP2A that are dephosphorylated in response to either ceramide-inducing agonists or addition of exogenous ceramide i ...
Carbohydrates
... AEROBIC RESPIRATION (Fate of Pyruvic Acid): (Question 4: Describe various steps of Kreb’s cycle. ...
... AEROBIC RESPIRATION (Fate of Pyruvic Acid): (Question 4: Describe various steps of Kreb’s cycle. ...
View material and methods
... 3´-end of this primer falls one base short of the SNP site present on the template. Since we are using only dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) in the reaction, when the complementary base is incorporated by the Taq DNA polymerase, the elongation stops and, depending on the fluorescence emitted, the SNP sit ...
... 3´-end of this primer falls one base short of the SNP site present on the template. Since we are using only dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) in the reaction, when the complementary base is incorporated by the Taq DNA polymerase, the elongation stops and, depending on the fluorescence emitted, the SNP sit ...
macromolecules test 1
... Haemoglobin is a respiratory protein in human beings. The foetal form of the haemoglobin protein differs from the adult form of the haemoglobin protein. The foetal form of haemoglobin consists of a total of four polypeptide chains: α1, α 2, Gγ, and Aγ. The adult form of haemoglobin also consists of ...
... Haemoglobin is a respiratory protein in human beings. The foetal form of the haemoglobin protein differs from the adult form of the haemoglobin protein. The foetal form of haemoglobin consists of a total of four polypeptide chains: α1, α 2, Gγ, and Aγ. The adult form of haemoglobin also consists of ...
Chapter 20 Lipid Biosynthesis
... reactions produces palmitoyl-ACP, which will be hydrolyzed to release a free palmitate. The flexible 4`-phosphopantetheine group covalently attached to ACP is believed to act as a switch arm to move the intermediates from one active site to the next on the enzyme complex (i.e., the substrates are ...
... reactions produces palmitoyl-ACP, which will be hydrolyzed to release a free palmitate. The flexible 4`-phosphopantetheine group covalently attached to ACP is believed to act as a switch arm to move the intermediates from one active site to the next on the enzyme complex (i.e., the substrates are ...
Metabolic Enzymes
... phosphorus, and sulfur. – Combinations of these and other elements make up vital macromolecules of life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. • Materials that organisms are unable to synthesize, but are required for building macromolecules and sustaining life, are termed ess ...
... phosphorus, and sulfur. – Combinations of these and other elements make up vital macromolecules of life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. • Materials that organisms are unable to synthesize, but are required for building macromolecules and sustaining life, are termed ess ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.