HiPer® Affinity Chromatography Teaching Kit
... Affinity chromatography is a very effective molecular technique for purification of protein on the basis of its biological function. Through this chromatography the desired protein is isolated from a mixed solution depending upon the protein's specific binding affinity to ligands mounted in a gel ma ...
... Affinity chromatography is a very effective molecular technique for purification of protein on the basis of its biological function. Through this chromatography the desired protein is isolated from a mixed solution depending upon the protein's specific binding affinity to ligands mounted in a gel ma ...
Nutritional Requirements in Fermentation
... nutritional factors coupled with essential and trace elements that combine in various ways to form cellular material and products. Since photosynthetic organisms (and chemoautotrophes) are the only net producers of organic matter on earth, it is they that ultimately provide, either directly or indir ...
... nutritional factors coupled with essential and trace elements that combine in various ways to form cellular material and products. Since photosynthetic organisms (and chemoautotrophes) are the only net producers of organic matter on earth, it is they that ultimately provide, either directly or indir ...
GLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels
... Glycolysis is a highly regulated process o Need to maintain constant levels of energy in cells o Regulation UP and DOWN depends on the cell’s need for ATP and NADH o Steps 2, 4-9 have ΔG°’ values close to zero, therefore are essentially operating at equilibrium - Can go in either direction - These s ...
... Glycolysis is a highly regulated process o Need to maintain constant levels of energy in cells o Regulation UP and DOWN depends on the cell’s need for ATP and NADH o Steps 2, 4-9 have ΔG°’ values close to zero, therefore are essentially operating at equilibrium - Can go in either direction - These s ...
Intestinal Protein digestion in vitro Assay
... Approach – Standardize Procedures and Reduce Particle Loss • Depending on feed, measured up to 30% particle loss out of the bags – needed a better filtration step to improve recoveries • Enzymes were not standardized – no Trypsin activity in the Pancreatin we evaluated (some protease, but not tryps ...
... Approach – Standardize Procedures and Reduce Particle Loss • Depending on feed, measured up to 30% particle loss out of the bags – needed a better filtration step to improve recoveries • Enzymes were not standardized – no Trypsin activity in the Pancreatin we evaluated (some protease, but not tryps ...
BS11 Final Exam Answer Key Spring `98
... 500 mM Cl- in the extracellular solution. The membrane potential is -60 mV (negative inside). The membrane of this cell has a chloride channel that is normally closed but that, when open, allows only Cl- ions to move. Assume that the Cl- channel flickers open and that during this time neither the co ...
... 500 mM Cl- in the extracellular solution. The membrane potential is -60 mV (negative inside). The membrane of this cell has a chloride channel that is normally closed but that, when open, allows only Cl- ions to move. Assume that the Cl- channel flickers open and that during this time neither the co ...
pentose phosphate pathway
... Utilization of Glucose-6-P Depends on the Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P • Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway • The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism • ATP can be made if G-6-P ...
... Utilization of Glucose-6-P Depends on the Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P • Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway • The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism • ATP can be made if G-6-P ...
Structural determinants of cold adaptation and stability in a
... protein that unfolds reversibly according to a two-state transition, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry. Mutants of this enzyme were produced, carrying intended additional weak interactions of a type found in thermostable α-amylases. It is shown that single amino acid side chain substitut ...
... protein that unfolds reversibly according to a two-state transition, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry. Mutants of this enzyme were produced, carrying intended additional weak interactions of a type found in thermostable α-amylases. It is shown that single amino acid side chain substitut ...
0495116572_102921
... Regulation of Metabolism • 4 mechanisms: – Negative or positive modulation of allosteric enzymes – Hormonal activation by covalent modification/induction – Directional shifts in reactions – Translocation of enzymes within cells ...
... Regulation of Metabolism • 4 mechanisms: – Negative or positive modulation of allosteric enzymes – Hormonal activation by covalent modification/induction – Directional shifts in reactions – Translocation of enzymes within cells ...
35 Amino acid breakdown Amino acids comprise one of the three
... The a-ketoacid dehydrogenase reaction is driven by the loss of carbon dioxide. Threonine can therefore be both glucogenic and ketogenic: breakdown of threonine results in either synthesis of the ketogenic acetyl CoA and the potentially glucogenic glycine, or in the production of the glucogenic propi ...
... The a-ketoacid dehydrogenase reaction is driven by the loss of carbon dioxide. Threonine can therefore be both glucogenic and ketogenic: breakdown of threonine results in either synthesis of the ketogenic acetyl CoA and the potentially glucogenic glycine, or in the production of the glucogenic propi ...
Translation
... terminus) attached via an ester to 2’or 3’ hydroxyl of A of CCA on tRNA. • “Charged tRNA” – tRNA with correct amino acid attached. • Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases – class of ...
... terminus) attached via an ester to 2’or 3’ hydroxyl of A of CCA on tRNA. • “Charged tRNA” – tRNA with correct amino acid attached. • Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases – class of ...
Product Information Sheet - Sigma
... The venom of Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) contains procoagulants. One of these procoagulants is the prothrombin-activating enzyme ECV-prothrombin activator or ecarin. Ecarin catalyzes the conversion (activation) of prothrombin to α-thrombin. Activation of prothrombin by ecarin differs signific ...
... The venom of Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) contains procoagulants. One of these procoagulants is the prothrombin-activating enzyme ECV-prothrombin activator or ecarin. Ecarin catalyzes the conversion (activation) of prothrombin to α-thrombin. Activation of prothrombin by ecarin differs signific ...
Modelling glycolysis with Cellware
... the most common metabolic reaction pathway in living things. In aerobic species the two pyruvate moleucles are further oxidised into carbon dioxide (CO2) in citric acid cycle and their reducing power harnessed in form of activated carriers of electrons (FADH2 and NADH) to faciliate oxidative phospho ...
... the most common metabolic reaction pathway in living things. In aerobic species the two pyruvate moleucles are further oxidised into carbon dioxide (CO2) in citric acid cycle and their reducing power harnessed in form of activated carriers of electrons (FADH2 and NADH) to faciliate oxidative phospho ...
Molecular genetics of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants
... (Distributed by J. Felsenstein) and the results are depicted as an unrooted phylogenic tree (Fig. 4). The small but significant similarity between the plant-type phytoene synthases (Pry) and the bacterial type (crtB) allow their assembly in a single tree (Fig. 4). ...
... (Distributed by J. Felsenstein) and the results are depicted as an unrooted phylogenic tree (Fig. 4). The small but significant similarity between the plant-type phytoene synthases (Pry) and the bacterial type (crtB) allow their assembly in a single tree (Fig. 4). ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... Upstream Elements • Upstream promoter elements are usually found upstream of class II core promoters • Differ from core promoters in binding to relatively gene-specific transcription factors – GC boxes bind transcription factor Sp1 – CCAAT boxes bind CTF (CCAAT-binding transcription ...
... Upstream Elements • Upstream promoter elements are usually found upstream of class II core promoters • Differ from core promoters in binding to relatively gene-specific transcription factors – GC boxes bind transcription factor Sp1 – CCAAT boxes bind CTF (CCAAT-binding transcription ...
Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the lactate
... the SWISS-MODEL workspace using the automatic modelling mode (Figure 3). Formation of an extended substrate specificity loop (101–109) caused by the insertion of five amino acids (NEEWN) is clearly observed in TaLDH compared to its counterpart in B. taurus. ...
... the SWISS-MODEL workspace using the automatic modelling mode (Figure 3). Formation of an extended substrate specificity loop (101–109) caused by the insertion of five amino acids (NEEWN) is clearly observed in TaLDH compared to its counterpart in B. taurus. ...
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
... acids from their diet. Humans can only synthesize about half of the twenty amino acids. • In general, the more complex amino acids are essential amino acids in humans as they require enzymes that have been lost from the human genome over evolutionary time. • Most animals are much more restricted in ...
... acids from their diet. Humans can only synthesize about half of the twenty amino acids. • In general, the more complex amino acids are essential amino acids in humans as they require enzymes that have been lost from the human genome over evolutionary time. • Most animals are much more restricted in ...
Communication, Homeostasis
... o For their energy to be realised and used it must be converted into another form ATP. o The metabolic process of Respiration converts these organic molecules into ATP which is used by all living things as an energy ...
... o For their energy to be realised and used it must be converted into another form ATP. o The metabolic process of Respiration converts these organic molecules into ATP which is used by all living things as an energy ...
File
... D. Heat and Temperature 1. Kinetic energy=the energy of motion. Anything that moves has it. 2. Atoms and molecules have kinetic energy because they always move. 3. Heat is the measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. 4. Temperature measures the int ...
... D. Heat and Temperature 1. Kinetic energy=the energy of motion. Anything that moves has it. 2. Atoms and molecules have kinetic energy because they always move. 3. Heat is the measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. 4. Temperature measures the int ...
The hyaluronan lyase of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage
... with time. From the apparent initial rate of reaction of 50 milliabsorbance units (mAU)\min, a turnover number of 4.9 (bonds cleaved\enzyme molecule per s at 30 mC) was calculated. Clearly, this enzyme cleaves HA at a much lower rate than the HA lyase from group B streptococci, with a turnover numbe ...
... with time. From the apparent initial rate of reaction of 50 milliabsorbance units (mAU)\min, a turnover number of 4.9 (bonds cleaved\enzyme molecule per s at 30 mC) was calculated. Clearly, this enzyme cleaves HA at a much lower rate than the HA lyase from group B streptococci, with a turnover numbe ...
Distribution of Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Human
... endopeptidases, since they hardly fit in the active site (1). Within any protein, proline residues therefore generally represent sites that are resistant to proteolytic cleavage (2). Prolyl oligopeptidase (post proline cleaving enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase)2) is the only proline specific endopeptida ...
... endopeptidases, since they hardly fit in the active site (1). Within any protein, proline residues therefore generally represent sites that are resistant to proteolytic cleavage (2). Prolyl oligopeptidase (post proline cleaving enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase)2) is the only proline specific endopeptida ...
Metabolic Fate of Glucose Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids
... • Each class of biomolecule has alternative fates depending on the metabolic state of the body. • Glucose: The intracellular form of glucose is glucose-6phosphate. • Only liver cells have the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase that dephosphorylates G-6-P and releases glucose into the blood for use by othe ...
... • Each class of biomolecule has alternative fates depending on the metabolic state of the body. • Glucose: The intracellular form of glucose is glucose-6phosphate. • Only liver cells have the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase that dephosphorylates G-6-P and releases glucose into the blood for use by othe ...
Mitochondrial b
... may then be exported. The resultant cytosolic citrate is cleaved by ATP-citrate lyase to malate and acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA forms malonyl-CoA by the action of acetylCoA carboxylase, which is then activated by the presence of high citrate concentrations. Malonyl-CoA is the substrate for fatty acid ...
... may then be exported. The resultant cytosolic citrate is cleaved by ATP-citrate lyase to malate and acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA forms malonyl-CoA by the action of acetylCoA carboxylase, which is then activated by the presence of high citrate concentrations. Malonyl-CoA is the substrate for fatty acid ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.